Submitted by Paula Oliveira (paulaoliveirabc@gmail.com) on 2018-04-09T21:08:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula S. de Oliveira_Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 1743246 bytes, checksum: 1618f2b30e5fbf72e481d78429c96851 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-04-10T16:31:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula S. de Oliveira_Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 1743246 bytes, checksum: 1618f2b30e5fbf72e481d78429c96851 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T16:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula S. de Oliveira_Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 1743246 bytes, checksum: 1618f2b30e5fbf72e481d78429c96851 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa abordou o processo de internacionalização da educação superior em nível institucional à luz dos movimentos globalizantes que vêm afetando diretamente a educação superior. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso múltiplo com foco na Universidade Federal da Bahia e na Universidade do Estado da Bahia e, utilizando a versão personalizada do modelo de Ciclo da Internacionalização, focalizou sete dimensões do processo de internacionalização: seu contexto de desenvolvimento, a tomada de consciência e comprometimento com a dimensão internacional, a clarificação das razões e abordagens para internacionalização, e o planejamento e operacionalização de suas ações. Observou-se que estas instituições percebem a internacionalização enquanto uma dimensão estratégica de seu desenvolvimento institucional que, alinhada aos seus objetivos, tem potencial para contribuir com os processos de produção do conhecimento, além de melhorar sua visibilidade internacional. Sem embargo, barreiras como a falta de uma política formal de internacionalização têm obscurecido os rumos da internacionalização nestas instituições, colocando-as a mercê das imposições do ambiente externo. Assim, este estudo indica a necessidade de abertura crítica destas instituições para o mundo, em vista de melhorias na qualidade do ensino, pesquisa e extensão, da formação intercultural de suas comunidades acadêmicas e do desenvolvimento da sociedade em que estão inseridas. / ABSTRACT This research endeavour addressed the process of internationalization of higher education at its institutional level in light of globalizing movements that directly affect higher education. A multiple case study was carried out in the Federal University of Bahia and in the State University of Bahia. Using the customized version of the Internationalization Cycle, the study focused on seven dimensions of the internationalization process: its context of development, the awareness of and commitment with the international dimension, the clarification of the rationales and approaches for internationalization, and the planning and operationalization of its actions. It was observed that these institutions perceive the internationalization as a strategic dimension of their institutional development and that, in line with their objectives, it has the potential to contribute to the processes of knowledge production, as well as the improvement of their international visibility. However, barriers such as the lack of a formal internationalization policy have obscured the paths of internationalization in these institutions, leaving them open to external environment interference. Thus, this study indicates the need for critical opening of these institutions to the world, in view of the improvements in the quality of teaching, research and extension, the intercultural training of their academic communities and the development of the society in which they are inserted.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-08-08T21:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nóbrega, Lutécia Maciel.pdf: 3129795 bytes, checksum: 4852d07dbe0926596d31178105c3e014 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2016-08-12T16:46:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nóbrega, Lutécia Maciel.pdf: 3129795 bytes, checksum: 4852d07dbe0926596d31178105c3e014 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T16:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nóbrega, Lutécia Maciel.pdf: 3129795 bytes, checksum: 4852d07dbe0926596d31178105c3e014 (MD5) / A internacionalização da educação superior é uma realidade iminente nos dias de hoje, para isso, é preciso que as universidades saibam aproveitar a dinâmica desse processo de cooperação internacional traçando estratégias de melhoria e qualidade institucional. A identificação de ações conjuntas nesse sentido poderá contribuir para que outras instituições reflitam sobre os melhores caminhos para se chegar ao padrão de excelência internacional. Diante disso, o presente trabalho analisa como ocorre a internacionalização dos cursos de pós-graduação da Univasf tendo em perspectiva os critérios de internacionalização da Capes e o modelo de Knight (1994) denominado círculo da internacionalização. Para tanto, apresentou-se uma revisão de literatura por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória descritiva com utilização do método de estudo de caso. A pesquisa constatou que a Capes foi identificada como catalisador relevante no processo de internacionalização da educação superior, uma vez que publica sua avaliação nacional por meio desses critérios, atribuindo notas para melhor conceituar os cursos de pós-graduação das universidades brasileiras. A análise dos resultados revelou que a internacionalização dos cursos de pós-graduação da Univasf ainda é bastante incipiente, já que não existe uma política formalmente institucionalizada com as razões, motivações e feimstr, actéognisatsa todue-vsidea qmueen taes aarçtiõcuelsa ddaes ceonotpree raa çUãnoi vianstef ren asceiounsa rle nsepsescati vionss tictuuirçsãoos . vPêomr sendo realizadas isoladamente por parte do corpo docente de maneira individualizada, em especial quando analisadas com base nos critérios de internacionalização da Capes. Diante dessa realidade, a formulação de uma política com o apoio e envolvimento de toda a comunidade acadêmica seria crucial para a definição de um processo sustentável de internacionalização na instituição. Somado a isso, sugere-se uma pesquisa mais aprofundada sobre esse tema para estudos futuros que tratem mais efetivamente desse assunto no sentido de auxiliar na definição de planejamentos e estratégias no âmbito internacional para as Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras. / Internationalization of higher education is an imminent reality today, so it is necessary that universities know how to take advantage of the dynamics of this international cooperation process outlining improvement and institutional quality strategies. The identification of joint activities in this direction can contribute so as to other institutions could reflect on the best ways to reach the international standard of excellence. Thus, the present study analyzes how is the internationalization of the Univasf post-graduate courses taking into perspective the Capes internationalization criteria and the Knight model (1994), called internationalization circle. Therefore, we performed a literature review through a descriptive exploratory research using the case study method. The study found that Capes was identified as an important catalyst in the international cooperation process, as it publishes its national assessment through these criteria, assigning grades to better conceptualize postgraduate courses in Brazilian universities. The results revealed that the internationalization of Univasf post-graduate courses is still incipient, since there is no formally institutionalized politics with the reasons, motivations and properly articulated strategies between Univasf and its corresponding courses. Finally, it was found that the cooperation international actions in this institution have been executed in isolation by the teaching staff in an individualized way, especially when these faocrtmiounlsa taioren aonf aaly zpeodl icbya sweidth o nth teh es uCpappoerst ianntedr niantvioonlvaelm ceritnetr ioaf. Gthivee ne nthtiirse reaaclaitdye, mthiec community would be crucial to the definition of a sustainable process of internationalization in the institution. Adding to this, it is suggested further research on this subject for future studies that deal more effectively with this matter in order to assist in defining plans and strategies at the international level for Brazilian Higher Education Institutions.

To offer a deeper understanding of how Peruvian firms internationalize this paper aims to throw in an acknowledged theoretical gap in international business research by giving a contribution towards the internationalization of Multilatinas based on a network perspective. The purpose is to investigate what drives Peruvian Multilatina's to internationalize, what market they select, how they enter these markets, and how different network relationships can influence their internationalization. Research question: What does the internationalization process look like for a Peruvian Multilatina? Method: Includes a qualitative research method with the use of semi-structured interviews. A multiple case study was utilized to gain comparative insights into how Peruvian Multilatinas internationalized through their networks relationships. For the analysis, the theoretical framework consisted of: internationalization drivers, market selection, choice entry mode, and importance of networks. Conclusions: The results conclude that Multilatinas do not follow a unique pattern of internationalization, but follow an accelerated expansion strategy based on the context of their political and economic environment. The Multilatinas studied started off by exporting to markets that had similar characteristics to their own. Once they had adequate experience and knowledge of operating there, they followed up with contractual and investment entry modes. The Multilatinas relied on different network relationships in order to internationalize. The most important being the business relationship and institutional relationship in order to gain insidership.

At the swing of the global economy, political trends and events that occur in the historical development of societies, it is occurring environmental, economic and social development phenomena that affect all citizens of the world, which has been understood as globalization. Given the irreversibility as economic fact, it should alert the entire school community in which the human values and essence of being a person are the most important concepts develop within the consumer society. This essay, beyond a critique of the globalizing phenomenon, explores its possibilities for the future, determining whether the constructs education and globalization can be mutually beneficial and not mutually exclusive. / Al vaivén de la economía mundial, las coyunturas políticas y los acontecimientos que se producen en el devenir histórico de las sociedades, ocurren fenómenos de tipo ambiental, económico y social que afectan a todos los ciudadanos y ciudadanas del orbe, es lo que se ha entendido como la globalización. Dado su carácter irreversible como hecho económico, esta debe alertar a toda la comunidad educativa en la cual se rescate lo humano, los valores y la esencia del ser persona dentro de la sociedad de consumo. Es así como este ensayo pretende, más allá de una crítica al fenómeno globalizante, explorar sus posibilidades de futuro, determinando si los constructos educación y globalización pueden ser términos que se beneficien mutuamente y no sean excluyentes entre sí.

We adopt a Penrosean perspective to study the effect of rapid international expansion on the subsequent divestment of international operations. We draw on regional strategy theory and differentiate Penrosean managerial resources by their geographical fungibility to argue that the effect of rapid international expansion on the divestment of international operations varies with the regional patterns of firms' international expansion and international experience. We test our hypotheses using two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation on data that capture the international expansion and divestment of retailers over the period 2003-2012.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to develop an in-depth understanding on the environmental factors that influence the internationalization of SMEs in an emerging African market environment. Methods: The study was conducted by using a qualitative research design. To fulfil the purpose of this research, the researchers adopted the use of a single case study to explain the different aspects of the topic being studied within the emerging market context. The research was supported with primary data obtained directly from the company through interviews and also with secondary data in order to support and compare the results obtained from this research. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis with the use of the NVivo software to represent data collected. Results: The main findings of this research indicate the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an African country like Ghana is heavily influenced by the socio-cultural factors in their home market environment and the technological factors in their host markets. Again, it was realized that the internal resources of the firm, particularly the competitive advantage, remained highly relevant and influential in the internationalization process on both markets. Furthermore, it was found that the internationalization process was not only influenced by the firm’s resources or the environmental factors but also by the firm’s organizational internal processes, international activities, level of foreign experiences and firm identity. Conclusions: Environmental factors have both positive and negative influence on the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an emerging economy like Ghana. Some factors have more impact on the home market than on the host market and vice versa. In addition, the internationalization process of financial SMEs in Ghana can mostly be initiated and successful when the firm has a market gap or foothold strong enough to sustain competitive advantage in the long run on both host and home markets. More importantly, this unique edge must be buttressed by ample firm resources.

Using panel data analysis, this paper considers the impact of governance provisions on firm’sR&D investment decisions. The current paper also contributes to the literature on corporategovernance and innovation by introducing an interaction dimension which captures theinfluence that internationalization of U.S. firms may have on R&D investment decisions. Basedon a sample of 627 U.S. firms for the years 2008-2016 this paper’s results suggest thatgovernance provisions do not nurture or impede R&D investments, and therefore the resultscasts doubt on the existence of a relationship between governance provisions and R&Dintensity. The current paper’s findings also suggest that proposed effects of internationalizationdo not modify the relationship between entrenchment and R&D for U.S. firms.

Falar em globalização e nas oportunidades de negócios que dela surgem em diferentes mercados não é mais nenhuma novidade. A maneira com que as empresas vêm atuando neste cenário dita a competitividade com que as mesmas enfrentarão seus concorrentes globais. As empresas brasileiras, principalmente no caso da indústria, não possuem uma situação muito favorável quando comparadas com outras estrangeiras. A base produtiva brasileira ainda não se mostrou forte o suficiente para manter a competitividade da indústria nacional, sendo que a base exportadora do país continua composta por commodities, tanto agrícolas como minerais, por anos. Como forma de aumentar sua presença no comércio internacional, empresas buscam se estabelecer em países que propiciam melhores condições de mercado. A Stemac S/A Grupos Geradores é uma empresa familiar brasileira, que possui apenas uma planta industrial, localizada em Porto Alegre (RS). Como forma de tentar aumentar a participação do comércio exterior nos negócios da empresa, a presente pesquisa exploratória propõe um planejamento estratégico para a internacionalização da Stemac através da implantação de uma unidade de negócios na China. O estudo de caso proposto realizou um levantamento das condições e cenários possíveis para a instalação da empresa em território chinês, através de entrevistas com entidades de classes e empresas que já possuem operação no país. Além disso, verificou-se dentro da própria Stemac qual seria o modelo de negócio mais adequado para tentar conciliar os mercados-alvo de atuação e a sua linha de produto com a cultura organizacional da empresa. Através das opções levantadas é possível sugerir que a empresa realize o movimento de se instalar na China a fim de garantir maior competitividade e maior participação no mercado mundial de grupos geradores. / Discussions about globalization and about business opportunities that arise from it in different markets are no longer any new subject. The way that companies have been acting in this scenario is dictating the competitiveness that they have to face their global competitors. Brazilian companies, mainly in the case of the industry, don’t have a very comfortable situation when compared with foreign organizations, especially if coming from the East. The Brazilian production base still not strong enough to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic industry, and Brazil’s export base is still composed by commodities for years, both agricultural and mineral. In order to increase its presence in the global market, many companies are seeking to establish their operation in other countries that could provide better market conditions. Stemac S/A Grupos Geradores is a Brazilian family owned company that has only one production plant, based in Porto Alegre (RS). This study proposes the internationalization of Stemac through the implementation of a business unit in China as a way of trying to increase the export participation in the company’s business. Through interviews with companies that already have operations in China and class entities, this proposed study of case conducted a survey of the possible conditions and scenarios for the installation of the company in the country. Besides, it was also made a research inside Stemac of what would be the most appropriate business model that could better align the target markets and its product line with the company’s organizational culture. According the options that were studied it is possible to suggest to Stemac to make this move towards to settle a base in China in order to ensure greater competitiveness and bigger global market-share.

O fenômeno da globalização associado ao da liberalização econômica ampliou a discussão sobre internacionalização de empresas no Brasil. Para atuar nesse mercado internacional, as empresas devem voltar seus esforços não apenas para o ambiente externo, mas também para o interno, mais especificamente para seus recursos. Além disso, tendo em vista que esse ambiente é dinâmico, os recursos passarão por um processo de reconfiguração para acompanhar essas mudanças. Porém, poucos são os estudos acerca da internacionalização com ênfase nos recursos, menos ainda os que adotam o conceito de recurso utilizado nesta pesquisa, ou seja, como sendo ativos dinâmicos, dependentes de seu uso e capazes de ativar múltiplos esquemas. Sob essa perspectiva, os recursos são criados e recriados a partir de ações, permitindo atores ativarem esquemas. A esse processo deu-se o nome de resourcing. A partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre a internacionalização de empresas, bem como acerca dos recursos internos, incluindo essa nova conceituação, elaborou-se um framework para analisar a reconfiguração dos recursos ao longo do processo de internacionalização de empresas. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso na Weg S.A., uma das maiores fabricantes de motor elétrico industrial. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas (em profundidade) com o chefe e o analista de marketing da Weg International Division, e os principais dados secundários foram coletados ao visitar o Museu da Weg e ao ler o livro de comemoração aos 40 anos da empresa. Os resultados apontam que o framework utilizado demonstrou ser um mecanismo válido para observar e estruturar como ocorre a reconfiguração dos recursos ao longo do processo de internacionalização de empresas. Mostram também que os momentos que provocaram mudanças na trajetória da empresa fizeram com que a Weg adotasse um novo modo de entrada no mercado internacional, provocando alterações nos recursos. Além disso, indicam que Weg passou a dar mais ênfase aos recursos intangíveis só após alguns anos, fato que ratifica a dificuldade de avaliação, transferência e imitação desse tipo de recurso, e, por isso a Weg deve continuar utilizando seus recursos, principalmente, os intangíveis já que a maioria das vantagens competitivas desenvolvidas atualmente é proveniente de uma melhor utilização dos recursos intangíveis (IDRIS et al., 2003). Assim, a presente pesquisa poderá servir tanto de base para analisar outras empresas que queiram se internacionalizar, replicando o framework de análise proposto, como contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca da internacionalização de empresas e da reconfiguração dos recursos. / The globalization phenomenon associated with the one of economic liberalization has broadened the discussion about the internationalization of companies in Brazil. In order to act in this international market, companies should turn their efforts not only to the external environment, but also to the inner, more specifically to their resources. Moreover, considering that this environment is dynamic, the resources will go through a reconfiguration process in order to track these changes. However, there are few studies about internationalization with emphasis on resources, even less those which adopt the concept of resource used in this research as being dynamic assets, dependent on its use and capable of enacting multiple schemas. From this perspective, resources are created and recreated through actions, enabling actors to enact schemas. This process was named as resourcing. From a literature review on the internationalization of enterprises as well as about the internal resources, including this new conceptualization, it was elaborated a framework to analyze the reconfiguration of resources along the process of companies’ internationalization. It was developed a case study at Weg S.A., one of the largest industrial electric motor manufacturer. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews (in depth) with the marketing chief and the marketing analyst of Weg International Division and the main secondary data were collected while visiting the Weg Museum and by reading the book that celebrates the company's 40 year anniversary. The results point that the framework used demonstrated to be a valid mechanism to observe and structure how the resources reconfiguration occurs along the process of companies’ internationalization. They also show that the moments which provoked changes on the companies’ trajectory made Weg to adopt a new entry mode on the international market, causing alterations on the resources. Apart from that, Weg began to emphasize its intangible assets only after some years, fact that confirms the difficulty in evaluating, transferring and imitating this kind of resource and because of this Weg should keep on using its resources, especially, the intangible ones as the great majority of competitive advantages developed nowadays comes from a better usage of intangible resources (IDRIS et al., 2003). Thus, this research could serve both as a basis for analyzing other companies which want to internationalize, replicating the framework of analysis proposed, and to contribute to the development of studies concerning companies’ internationalization and resources reconfiguration.

Muitas mudanças observadas na economia chinesa, principalmente desde os anos 2000, têm revelado uma crescente importância das grandes empresas nacionais desse país. Apesar de tantas transformações, poucos trabalhos foram direcionados para o tema. Destarte, essa dissertação propõe-se a fazer sua contribuição, examinando a real importância das grandes empresas chinesas no desenvolvimento econômico de seu país. Tal objetivo, entretanto, possui duas perspectivas. Primeiro, procura-se analisar o impacto desse grupo de empresas nos indicadores econômicos agregados de seu país. Em segundo lugar, analisa-se a sua interação com o governo chinês desde 1978. Para alcançar o objetivo do trabalho, houve uma análise teórica e uma histórica, além da apresentação dos processos de formação e internacionalização de grandes grupos nacionais. Conclui-se que: (i) a grande empresa chinesa, como um grupo, tem um papel relevante no desenvolvimento econômico de seu país, pela importância de suas economias de escala, de sua capacidade de aprendizado tecnológico e organizacional e pela sua aptidão para a inserção internacional; (ii) o Estado, por meio do suporte concedido a esse grupo, reconhece sua importância como um vetor fundamental a transformar a China em uma potência econômica. / There have been many significant changes observed in the Chinese economy over recent years and especially after the first half of 2000´s. Large enterprises have proven to be of increasing importance in this context. However, few papers have critically assessed this subject. Thus, this thesis aims to verify the actual importance of Chinese big enterprises in these economic shifts. It will be discussed in two perspectives. On the one hand, the impact most important national big enterprises have on the economy is examined. On the other hand, the relationship between the government and these corporations since 1978 is analyzed. In order to achieve the proposed aim, not only a theoretical and an historical analysis will be used but also it will be presented the discussion about the formation and internationalization processes of Chinese big businesses. It is concluded that: (i) large Chinese enterprises have had great importance to the development of China‟s economy according to their advantages in economies of scale, technological innovation and availability, organizational learning capabilities, and internationalization aptitude; (ii) clearly the government has played a key role in supporting this group of enterprises - what can be considered as a political recognition of the Chinese big business importance to push China into a world economic power position.