Ultra low power wireless sensors and sensor systems are of increasing interest in a variety of applications ranging from structural health monitoring to industrial process control. Electrochemical batteries have thus far remained the primary energy sources for such systems despite the finite associated lifetimes imposed due to limitations associated with energy density. However, certain applications (such as implantable biomedical electronic devices and tire pressure sensors) require the operation of sensors and sensor systems over significant periods of time, where battery usage may be impractical and add cost due to the requirement for periodic re-charging and/or replacement. In order to address this challenge and extend the operational lifetime of wireless sensors, there has been an emerging research interest on harvesting ambient vibration energy. Vibration energy harvesting is a technology that generates electrical energy from ambient kinetic energy. Despite numerous research publications in this field over the past decade, low power density and variable ambient conditions remain as the key limitations of vibration energy harvesting. In terms of the piezoelectric transducers, the open-circuit voltage is usually low, which limits its power while extracted by a full-bridge rectifier. In terms of the interface circuits, most reported circuits are limited by the power efficiency, suitability to real-world vibration conditions and system volume due to large off-chip components required. The research reported in this thesis is focused on increasing power output of piezoelectric transducers and power extraction efficiency of interface circuits. There are five main chapters describing two new design topologies of piezoelectric transducers and three novel active interface circuits implemented with CMOS technology. In order to improve the power output of a piezoelectric transducer, a series connection configuration scheme is proposed, which splits the electrode of a harvester into multiple equal regions connected in series to inherently increase the open-circuit voltage generated by the harvester. This topology passively increases the rectified power while using a full-bridge rectifier. While most of piezoelectric transducers are designed with piezoelectric layers fully covered by electrodes, this thesis proposes a new electrode design topology, which maximizes the raw AC output power of a piezoelectric harvester by finding an optimal electrode coverage. In order to extract power from a piezoelectric harvester, three active interface circuits are proposed in this thesis. The first one improves the conventional SSHI (synchronized switch harvesting on inductor) by employing a startup circuitry to enable the system to start operating under much lower vibration excitation levels. The second one dynamically configures the connection of the two regions of a piezoelectric transducer to increase the operational range and output power under a variety of excitation levels. The third one is a novel SSH architecture which employs capacitors instead of inductors to perform synchronous voltage flip. This new architecture is named as SSHC (synchronized switch harvesting on capacitors) to distinguish from SSHI rectifiers and indicate its inductorless architecture.

With industry expectations of billions of Internet-connected things, commonly referred to as the IoT, we see a growing demand for high-performance on-chip bus architectures with the following attributes: small scale, low energy, high security, and highly configurable structures for integration, verification, and performance estimation. Our research thus mainly focuses on addressing these key problems and finding the balance among all these requirements that often work against each other. First of all, we proposed a low-cost and low-power System-on-Chips (SoCs) architecture (IBUS) that can frame data transfers differently. The IBUS protocol provides two novel transfer modes – the block and state modes, and is also backward compatible with the conventional linear mode. In order to evaluate the bus performance automatically and accurately, we also proposed an evaluation methodology based on the standard circuit design flow. Experimental results show that the IBUS based design uses the least hardware resource and reduces energy consumption to a half of an AMBA Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) and Advanced eXensible Interface (AXI). Additionally, the valid bandwidth of the IBUS based design is 2.3 and 1.6 times, respectively, compared with the AHB and AXI based implementations. As IoT advances, privacy and security issues become top tier concerns in addition to the high performance requirement of embedded chips. To leverage limited resources for tiny size chips and overhead cost for complex security mechanisms, we further proposed an advanced IBUS architecture to provide a structural support for the block-based AES algorithm. Our results show that the IBUS based AES-encrypted design costs less in terms of hardware resource and dynamic energy (60.2%), and achieves higher throughput (x1.6) compared with AXI. Effectively dealing with the automation in design and verification for mixed-signal integrated circuits is a critical problem, particularly when the bus architecture is new. Therefore, we further proposed a configurable and synthesizable IBUS design methodology. The flexible structure, together with bus wrappers, direct memory access (DMA), AES engine, memory controller, several mixed-signal verification intellectual properties (VIPs), and bus performance models (BPMs), forms the basic for integrated circuit design, allowing engineers to integrate application-specific modules and other peripherals to create complex SoCs.

Recent improvements in the area of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to extensive utilization of embedded devices and sensors. Hence, along with utilization the need for safety and security of these devices also increases proportionately. In the last two decades, the side-channel attack (SCA) has become a massive threat to the interrelated embedded devices. Moreover, extensive research has led to the development of many different forms of SCA for extracting the secret key by utilizing the various leakage information. Lately, machine learning (ML) based models have been more effective in breaking complex encryption systems than the other types of SCA models. However, these ML or DL models require a lot of data for training that cannot be collected while attacking a device in a real-world situation. Thus, in this thesis, we try to solve this issue by proposing the new technique of leakage conversion. In this technique, we try to convert the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) power traces to low SNR averaged electromagnetic traces. In addition to that, we also show how artificial neural networks (ANN) can learn various non-linear dependencies of features in leakage information, which cannot be done by adaptive digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. Initially, we successfully convert traces in the time interval of 80 to 200 as the cryptographic operations occur in that time frame. Next, we show the successful conversion of traces lying in any time frame as well as having a random key and plain text values. Finally, to validate our leakage conversion technique and the generated traces we successfully implement correlation electromagnetic analysis (CEMA) with an approximate minimum traces to disclosure (MTD) of 480.

Récemment, l'intégration entre les environnements informatiques et de réseautage a été largement promu pour fournir des services intelligents à des utilisateurs finaux ainsi que l'utilisation efficace des ressources. Cette convergence a ouvert la voie à l'émergence de l'internet des objets (IdO). Le paradigme de l'IdO repose principalement sur la fabrication d'objets, appelés les choses, disparaître et se tissent dans le tissu de notre vie de tous les jours pour nous soutenir dans l'accomplissement des activités quotidiennes. L'évolutivité et l'hétérogénéité sont parmi les principaux défis qui entravent la réalisation à grande échelle de services de l'IdO dans la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Afin de relever les défis de l'IdO, un nouveau volet de recherche est venu en avant dans la littérature comme une classe paradigmatique des Cyber-physiques systèmes sociaux (CSPR), qui est connu comme l'Internet social des choses (Siot). Le SIOT se fonde sur la notion soulignée par phénomène petite-monde où la structure sociale permettant relation sociale fondée sur la confiance entre les personnes et les objets, d'une manière qui ressemble à des services de réseaux sociaux traditionnels (SNS) est suggérée de relever les défis de l'IdO. Cependant, depuis SIOT hérite des caractéristiques de différents informatiques et de réseautage environnements (par exemple, l'IdO et SNS) cela, en fait, augmente la quantité et la variété des données contextuelles qui doit être manipulé pour Adaptive fourniture de services dans Siot, qui agit comme le principal défi adressé dans cette thèse. Autrement dit, dans cette thèse, nous proposons la notion de contexte cognitif lorsque, dans certaine situation spatio-temporelle, le raisonnement sur les aspects objectifs du cadre, ce qui représente l'environnement physique, avec le contexte subjective, qui représente les aspects comportementaux et sociaux, est considéré comme l'amélioration des services SIOT intelligence et la capacité d'adaptation aux besoins conjoncturels des utilisateurs. Nous envisageons technologies du Web sémantique pour déployer notre contexte cognitif proposé dans deux domaines d'application; sensible au contexte recommandation des tâches quotidiennes dans les maisons intelligentes et structure sociale dépendant de la situation des choses. Un prototype de preuve de concept a été développé pour chaque domaine d'application, dans le but de démontrer l'intégration harmonieuse des objets sur le Web pour la réalisation de certaines applications. Nos résultats empiriques montrent un niveau de service amélioré l'adaptabilité et la complexité en temps de fonctionner lors de l'application de notre contexte cognitif suggéré / The paradigm of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is being promoted in the literature to boost a new trend wherein the benefits of social network services are exhibited within the network of connected objects i.e., the Internet of Things (IoT). The novel user-friendly interaction framework of the SIoT opens the doors for enhancing the intelligence required to stimulate a shift in the IoT from a heterogeneous network of independently connected objects towards a manageable network of everything. In practice, achieving scalability within the large-scale and the heterogeneous paradigm of the IoT while maintaining on top of its user-friendly and intuitive services to bridge human-to-machine perceptions and encourage the technology’s adaptation is a major challenge which is hindering the realization and deployment of the IoT technologies and applications into people’s daily live. For the goal of handling IoT challenges, as well as improve the level of smart services adaptability to users’ situational needs, in this thesis, novel SIoT-based application architecture is provided. That is, Semantic Web Technologies are envisaged as a means to develop automated, value-added services for SIoT. While, interoperability and automation are essential requirement to seamlessly integrate such services into user life, Ontologies are used to semantically describe Web services with the aim of enabling the automatic invocation and composition of these services as well as support interactions across the cyber, physical and social worlds. On the other hand, handling the variety of contextual data in SIoT for intelligent decision making is another big challenge which is still in very early stages of research. In this thesis we propose a cognitive reasoning approach taking into consideration achieving situational-awareness (SA) in SIoT. This reasoning approach is deployed within two application domains where results show an improved level of services adaptability compared to location-aware services which are previously proposed in the literature

As technology is growing at a fast pace, IoT-based smart home services are increasingly adopted by people. IoT-based smart homes offer numerous unimaginable benefits, including efficiency, safety, effectiveness, scalability of services, devices, and data, among many others. However, there is another side to this technology: security threats. As IoT-based technology is distributed in nature, implementing security measures and policies to protect the infrastructure becomes very difficult. The infrastructure faces threats such as information theft, eavesdropping, distortion, and more. Ensuring the security of smart home IoT devices is a critical concern, and user behavior plays a major role in achieving it. Furthermore, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was utilized throughout the study. This study employed a qualitative research methodology and content analysis technique to investigate the impact of user behavior on the security of smart home IoT devices. The findings revealed several themes, such as the significance of comprehending and resolving security issues, the implementation of security measures, and the impact of user education and awareness. The study offered fresh perspectives on IoT device security and will aid in developing security best practices / I takt med att tekniken växer i snabb takt, anammas IoT-baserade smarta hemtjänster alltmer av människor. IoT-baserade smarta hem erbjuder många ofattbara fördelar, inklusive effektivitet, säkerhet, effektivitet, skalbarhet för tjänster, enheter och data, bland många andra. Däremot är en annan sida av denna teknik: säkerhetshot. Som IoT-baserad teknik distribueras i natur, att implementera säkerhetsåtgärder och policyer för att skydda infrastrukturen blir mycketsvår. Infrastrukturen står inför hot som informationsstöld, avlyssning, förvrängning och Mer. Att säkerställa säkerheten för smarta hem IoT-enheter är en kritisk fråga, och användarnas beteende spelar en stor roll för att uppnå det. Dessutom användes Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).under hela studien. Denna studie använde en kvalitativ forskningsmetodik och innehållanalysteknik för att undersöka hur användarbeteendet påverkar säkerheten för IoT för smarta hemenheter. Fynden avslöjade flera teman, såsom betydelsen av att förstå och lösa säkerhetsfrågor, implementering av säkerhetsåtgärder och användarens inverkanutbildning och medvetenhet. Studien erbjöd nya perspektiv på IoT-enhetssäkerhet och kommer att hjälpa att utveckla bästa praxis för säkerhet / نظرًا لأن التكنولوجيا تنمو بوتيرة سريعة ، يتم اعتماد خدمات المنزل الذكي القائمة على إنترنت الأشياء بشكل متزايد من قبل الناس. توفر المنازل الذكية القائمة على إنترنت الأشياء العديد من المزايا التي لا يمكن تصورها ، بما في ذلك الكفاءة والأمان والفعالية وقابلية التوسع في الخدمات والأجهزة والبيانات ، من بين أشياء أخرى كثيرة. ومع ذلك ، هناك جانب آخر لهذه التكنولوجيا: التهديدات الأمنية. نظرًا لتوزيع التكنولوجيا القائمة على إنترنت الأشياء بطبيعتها ، يصبح تنفيذ التدابير والسياسات الأمنية لحماية البنية التحتية أمرًا صعبًا للغاية. تواجه البنية التحتية تهديدات مثل سرقة المعلومات والتنصت والتشويه والمزيد. يعد ضمان أمان أجهزة إنترنت الأشياء المنزلية الذكية مصدر قلق بالغ ، ويلعب سلوك المستخدم دورًا رئيسيًا في تحقيق ذلك. علاوة على ذلك ، تم استخدام نظرية السلوك المخطط (TPB) طوال الدراسة. استخدمت هذه الدراسة منهجية البحث النوعي وتقنية تحليل المحتوى للتحقيق في تأثير سلوك المستخدم على أمن أجهزة إنترنت الأشياء المنزلية الذكية. كشفت النتائج عن عدة محاور ، مثل أهمية فهم وحل المشكلات الأمنية ، وتنفيذ التدابير الأمنية ، وتأثير تثقيف المستخدمين وتوعيتهم. قدمت الدراسة وجهات نظر جديدة حول أمن أجهزة إنترنت الأشياء وستساعد في تطوير أفضل الممارسات الأمنية

The use of Internet of Things systems has increased to meet the need for smart systems in various fields, such as smart homes, intelligent industries, medical systems, agriculture, and the military. IoT networks are expanding daily to include hundreds and thousands of IoT devices, which transmit information through other linked devices to reach the network sink or gateway. The information follows different routes to the network sink. Finding an ideal routing solution is a big challenge due to several factors, such as power, computation, storage, and memory limitation for IoT devices. In 2011, A new standardized routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks was released by the Internet Engineering task force (IETF). The IETF adopted a distance vector routing algorithm for the RPL protocol. RPL protocol utilizes the objective functions (OFs) to select the path depending on diffident metrics.These OFs with different metrics must be evaluated and tested to develop the best routing solution.This project aims to test the performance of standardized RPL objective functions in a simulation environment. Afterwards, a new objective function with a new metric will be implemented and tested in the same environmental conditions. The performance results of the standard objective functions and the newly implemented objective function will be analyzed and compared to evaluate whether the standard objective functions or the new objective function is better as a routing solution for the IoT devices network.

The oil and gas industry faces a lack of compact drilling devices capable of performing horizontal drilling maneuvers in depleted or abandoned wells in order to enhance oil recovery. The purpose of this project was to design and develop a smart sensing system that can be later implemented in compact drilling devices used to perform horizontal drilling to enhance oil recovery in wells. A smart sensor is the combination of a sensing element (sensor) and a microprocessor. Hence, a smart sensing system is an arrangement that consists of different sensors, where one or more have smart capabilities. The sensing system was built and tested in a laboratory setting. For this, a test bench was used as a case study to simulate the operation from a micro-drilling device. The smart sensing system integrated the sensors essential for the direct operational measurements required for the robot. The focus was on selecting reliable and sturdy components that can handle the operation Down the Hole (DTH) on the final lateral micro-drilling robot. The sensing system's recorded data was sent to a microcontroller, where it was processed and then presented visually to the operator through a User Interface (UI) developed in a cloud-based framework. The information was filtered, processed, and sent to a controller that executed commands and sent signals to the test bench’s actuators. The smart sensing system included novel modules and sensors suitable for the operation in a harsh environment such as the one faced in the drilling process. Furthermore, it was designed as an independent, flexible module that can be implemented in test benches with different settings and early robotic prototypes. The outcome of this project was a sensing system able to provide robotic drilling devices with flexibility while providing accurate and reliable measurements during their operation.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), ensuring consistency and reliability becomes a top priority for a seamless user experience. In many instances, reliability is assessed through Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, sidelining traditional reliability metrics that thrive on time-dependent failure rates. The lack of a comprehensive framework that fully integrates all layers of an IoT system adds to the complexity. This gap makes it difficult to pinpoint specific areas that need improvement and to conduct a thorough assessment of the system’s reliability. This project addresses this intricate challenge, which holds significant relevance for industry professionals but remains unresolved. The project introduced an IoT architecture spanning the Power, Device, Edge, Application, and Cloud Layers. Within each layer, potential failure points were identified, and the reliability was analysed deploying time-based failure rates with an exponential distribution. Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs) were employed to map the intricate inter-dependencies, though the framework’s adaptive nature allows for other system reliability methodologies. One of the primary outcomes of this research is the development of a new framework tailored for evaluating the reliability of various IoT system components. This framework yields insights into both system reliability and availability over time, serving as a pivotal tool for stakeholders such as device manufacturers, system integrators, network providers, and research institutions. The results show how the framework emerges as a pivotal starting point for IoT system reliability evaluation. Before this thesis, the feasibility of such a framework was uncertain, with concerns about its potential bias – being either too pessimistic or optimistic. Yet, the tangible results from this work affirm its capability to provide a balanced and reasonable reliability estimation, given the intricacies of IoT devices. This paves the way for subsequent research, enabling a deeper dive into targeted enhancements and fostering a nuanced understanding of IoT reliability. / I det snabbt föränderliga IoT-landskapet (Internet of Things) är det av högsta prioritet att säkerställa konsekvens och tillförlitlighet för en sömlös användarupplevelse. I många fall bedöms tillförlitligheten med hjälp av QoSmått (Quality of Service), vilket innebär att traditionella tillförlitlighetsmått som bygger på tidsberoende felfrekvenser åsidosätts. Avsaknaden av ett heltäckande ramverk som integrerar alla lager i ett IoT-system bidrar till komplexiteten. Denna brist gör det svårt att identifiera specifika områden som behöver förbättras och att göra en grundlig bedömning av systemets tillförlitlighet. Detta projekt tar itu med denna komplicerade utmaning, som har stor relevans för branschfolk men som fortfarande inte har lösts. Projektet introducerade en IoT-arkitektur som spänner över kraft-, enhets-, Edge-, applikationsoch molnlagren. Inom varje lager identifierades potentiella felpunkter och tillförlitligheten analyserades med hjälp av tidsbaserade felfrekvenser med en exponentiell fördelning. Tillförlitlighetsblockdiagram (RBD) användes för att kartlägga de komplicerade ömsesidiga beroendena, även om ramverkets adaptiva natur möjliggör andra metoder för systemtillförlitlighet. Ett av de främsta resultaten av denna forskning är utvecklingen av ett nytt ramverk som är skräddarsytt för att utvärdera tillförlitligheten hos olika IoT-systemkomponenter. Detta ramverk ger insikter om både systemets tillförlitlighet och tillgänglighet över tid, och fungerar som ett viktigt verktyg för intressenter som tillverkare av enheter, systemintegratörer, nätverksleverantörer och forskningsinstitutioner. Resultaten visar hur ramverket framstår som en viktig utgångspunkt för utvärdering av IoT-systemens tillförlitlighet. Före den här avhandlingen var det osäkert om ett sådant ramverk var genomförbart, med farhågor om dess potentiella partiskhet - att vara antingen för pessimistisk eller optimistisk. De konkreta resultaten från detta arbete bekräftar dock ramverkets förmåga att ge en balanserad och rimlig uppskattning av tillförlitligheten, med tanke på IoT-enheternas komplexitet. Detta banar väg för efterföljande forskning, vilket möjliggör en djupare analys av riktade förbättringar och främjar en nyanserad förståelse av IoT-tillförlitlighet.

[ES] El mundo de las telecomunicaciones está cambiando de un escenario donde únicamente las personas estaban conectadas a un modelo donde prácticamente todos los dispositivos y sensores se encuentran conectados, también conocido como Internet de las cosas (IoT), donde miles de millones de dispositivos se conectarán a Internet a través de conexiones móviles y redes fijas. En este contexto, hay muchos retos que superar, desde el desarrollo de nuevos estándares de comunicación al estudio de la viabilidad económica de los posibles escenarios futuros. En esta tesis nos hemos centrado en el estudio de la viabilidad económica de diferentes escenarios mediante el uso de conceptos de microeconomía, teoría de juegos, optimización no lineal, economía de redes y redes inalámbricas. La tesis analiza la transición desde redes centradas en el servicio de tráfico HTC a redes centradas en tráfico MTC desde un punto de vista económico. El primer escenario ha sido diseñado para centrarse en las primeras etapas de la transición, en la que ambos tipos de tráfico son servidos bajo la misma infraestructura de red. En el segundo escenario analizamos la siguiente etapa, en la que el servicio a los usuarios MTC se realiza mediante una infraestructura dedicada. Finalmente, el tercer escenario analiza la provisión de servicios basados en MTC a usuarios finales, mediante la infraestructura analizada en el escenario anterior. Gracias al análisis de todos los escenarios, hemos observado que la transición de redes centradas en usuarios HTC a redes MTC es posible y que la provisión de servicios en tales escenarios es viable. Además, hemos observado que el comportamiento de los usuarios es esencial para determinar la viabilidad de los diferentes modelos de negocio, y por tanto, es necesario estudiar el comportamiento y las preferencias de los usuarios en profundidad en estudios futuros. Específicamente, los factores más relevantes son la sensibilidad de los usuarios al retardo en los datos recopilados por los sensores y la cantidad de los mismos. También hemos observado que la diferenciación del tráfico en categorías mejora el uso de las redes y permite crear nuevos servicios empleando datos que, de otro modo, no se aprovecharían, lo cual nos permite mejorar la monetización de la infraestructura. También hemos demostrado que la provisión de capacidad es un mecanismo válido, alternativo a la fijación de precios, para la optimización de los beneficios de los proveedores de servicio. Finalmente, se ha demostrado que es posible crear roles específicos para ofrecer servicios IoT en el mercado de las telecomunicaciones, específicamente, los IoT-SPs, que proporcionan servicios basados en sensores inalámbricos utilizando infraestructuras de acceso de terceros y sus propias redes de sensores. En resumen, en esta tesis hemos intentado demostrar la viabilidad económica de modelos de negocio basados en redes futuras IoT, así como la aparición de nuevas oportunidades y roles de negocio, lo cual nos permite justificar económicamente el desarrollo y la implementación de las tecnologías necesarias para ofrecer servicios de acceso inalámbrico masivo a dispositivos MTC. / [EN] The communications world is moving from a standalone devices scenario to a all-connected scenario known as Internet of Things (IoT), where billions of devices will be connected to the Internet through mobile and fixed networks. In this context, there are several challenges to face, from the development of new standards to the study of the economical viability of the different future scenarios. In this dissertation we have focused on the study of the economic viability of different scenarios using concepts of microeconomics, game theory, non-linear optimization, network economics and wireless networks. The dissertation analyzes the transition from a Human Type Communications (HTC) to a Machine Type Communications (MTC) centered network from an economic point of view. The first scenario is designed to focus on the first stages of the transition, where HTC and MTC traffic are served on a common network infrastructure. The second scenario analyzes the provision of connectivity service to MTC users using a dedicated network infrastructure, while the third stage is centered in the analysis of the provision of services based on the MTC data over the infrastructure studied in the previous scenario. Thanks to the analysis of all the scenarios we have observed that the transition from HTC users-centered networks to MTC networks is possible and that the provision of services in such scenarios is viable. In addition, we have observed that the behavior of the users is essential in order to determine the viability of a business model, and therefore, it is needed to study their behavior and preferences in depth in future studios. Specifically, the most relevant factors are the sensitivity of the users to the delay and to the amount of data gathered by the sensors. We also have observed that the differentiation of the traffic in categories improves the usage of the networks and allows to create new services thanks to the data that otherwise would not be used, improving the monetization of the infrastructure and the data. In addition, we have shown that the capacity provision is a valid mechanism for providers' profit optimization, as an alternative to the pricing mechanisms. Finally, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to create dedicated roles to offer IoT services in the telecommunications market, specifically, the IoT-SPs, which provide wireless-sensor-based services to the final users using a third party infrastructure. Summarizing, this dissertation tries to demonstrate the economic viability of the future IoT networks business models as well as the emergence of new business opportunities and roles in order to justify economically the development and implementation of the new technologies required to offer massive wireless access to machine devices. / [CA] El món de les telecomunicacions està canviant d'un escenari on únicament les persones estaven connectades a un model on pràcticament tots els dispositius i sensors es troben connectats, també conegut com a Internet de les Coses (IoT) , on milers de milions de dispositius es connectaran a Internet a través de connexions mòbils i xarxes fixes. En aquest context, hi ha molts reptes que superar, des del desenrotllament de nous estàndards de comunicació a l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica dels possibles escenaris futurs. En aquesta tesi ens hem centrat en l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica de diferents escenaris per mitjà de l'ús de conceptes de microeconomia, teoria de jocs, optimització no lineal, economia de xarxes i xarxes inalàmbriques. La tesi analitza la transició des de xarxes centrades en el servici de tràfic HTC a xarxes centrades en tràfic MTC des d'un punt de vista econòmic. El primer escenari ha sigut dissenyat per a centrar-se en les primeres etapes de la transició, en la que ambdós tipus de tràfic són servits davall la mateixa infraestructura de xarxa. En el segon escenari analitzem la següent etapa, en la que el servici als usuaris MTC es realitza per mitjà d'una infraestructura dedicada. Finalment, el tercer escenari analitza la provisió de servicis basats en MTC a usuaris finals, per mitjà de la infraestructura analitzada en l'escenari anterior. Als paràgrafs següents es descriu amb més detall cada escenari. Gràcies a l'anàlisi de tots els escenaris, hem observat que la transició de xarxes centrades en usuaris HTC a xarxes MTC és possible i que la provisió de servicis en tals escenaris és viable. A més a més, hem observat que el comportament dels usuaris és essencial per a determinar la viabilitat dels diferents models de negoci, i per tant, és necessari estudiar el comportament i les preferències dels usuaris en profunditat en estudis futurs. Específicament, els factors més rellevants són la sensibilitat dels usuaris al retard en les dades recopilats pels sensors i la quantitat dels mateixos. També hem observat que la diferenciació del tràfic en categories millora l'ús de les xarxes i permet crear nous servicis emprant dades que, d'una altra manera, no s'aprofitarien, la qual cosa ens permet millorar la monetització de la infraestructura. També hem demostrat que la provisió de capacitat és un mecanisme vàlid, alternatiu a la fixació de preus, per a l'optimització dels beneficis dels proveïdors de servici. Finalment, s'ha demostrat que és possible crear rols específics per a oferir servicis IoT en el mercat de les telecomunicacions, específicament, els IoT-SPs, que proporcionen servicis basats en sensors inalàmbrics utilitzant infraestructures d'accés de tercers i les seues pròpies xarxes de sensors. En resum, en aquesta tesi hem intentat demostrar la viabilitat econòmica de models de negoci basats en xarxes futures IoT, així com l'aparició de noves oportunitats i rols de negoci, la qual cosa ens permet justificar econòmicament el desenrotllament i la implementació de les tecnologies necessàries per a oferir servicis d'accés inalàmbric massiu a dispositius MTC. / Sanchis Cano, Á. (2018). Economic analysis of wireless sensor-based services in the framework of the Internet of Things. A game-theoretical approach [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/102642

<p dir="ltr">This project aimed to develop an instrumentation and control system for a micro-drilling robot based on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. The automation system integrated IIoT technological tools to create a robust automation system capable of being used in drilling operations. The system incorporated industrial-grade sensors, which carried out direct measurements of the critical variables of the process. The indirect variables relevant to the control of the robot were calculated from the measured parameters. The system also considered the telemetry architecture necessary to reliably transmit data from the down-the-hole (DTH) robot to a receiver on the surface. Telemetry was based on wireless communication through long-range radio frequency (LoRa). The system developed had models based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for determining the mode of operation, detecting changes in the process, and changes in drilling variables in critical hydraulic components for the drilling process. Algorithms based on AI and ML models also allowed the user to make better decisions based on the variables' correlation to optimize the drilling process (e.g., dynamic change of flow, pressure, and RPMs based on automatic rock identification). A user interface (UI) was developed, and digital tools to perform data analysis were implemented. Safety assessment in all robot systems (e.g., electrical, hardware, software) was contemplated as a critical design component. The result of this research project provides innovative micro-drilling robots with the necessary technological tools to optimize the drilling process. The system made drilling more efficient, reliable, and safe, providing diagnostic and prognostic tools that allowed planning maintenance based on the actual health of the devices. The system that was developed was tested in a test bench under controlled conditions within a laboratory to characterize the system and collect data that allowed ML models' development, training, validation, and testing. The prototype of a micro-drilling robot installed on the test bench served as a case study to assess the implemented models' reliability and the proposed telemetry.</p>