The diploma thesis is devoted to the issue of online shopping. Its aim is to analyze internet shopping and see the rights and obligations of consumers and sellers, which are based on current legislation. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with purchase over the internet and its regulations. There are explained the concepts internet, e-business and e-commerce and indicate the types of e-business and is mentioned certification of online stores. The practical part is about the respondents' shopping behavior when buying over the internet. It is examined through a questionnaire survey. At the end of the thesis are mentioned the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping.

To date much of the literature on consumers' concerns about business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce has described findings from quantitative research. As a result, much of that literature has focused on specific previously-identified concerns (e.g., privacy of personal information, use of credit cards for on-line payment). Also, there has been little research into the concerns of New Zealand consumers, and all of it has been quantitative. In order to gain a broader understanding, this study took a qualitative approach. Three focus groups were conducted, in order to identify consumers' concerns. The concerns that were thus identified were combined with those that a review of the literature had previously identified, and were used to draw up a set of guidelines to be used in semi-structured interviews. Fifteen interviews were then conducted, in order to gain consumers' views about each concern. It seems that at a higher level, consumer's concerns have shifted. The literature suggests that in the past consumers' concerns about Internet shopping have focused on the fact that Internet shopping is conducted via the Internet – as a result of which consumers have, for example, been concerned about the privacy of their personal information ('if I give them my e-mail address, will I get spam?') This study suggests that now consumers' concerns focus on the fact that Internet shopping is a form of shopping – as a result of which they are now only prepared to use the Web sites of 'reputable companies', and they now require to be able to evaluate an item adequately before buying it. And it seems that another result of this is that consumers now expect that the 'reputable companies' whose Web sites they visit will – as a matter of course - address to their satisfaction issues such as the privacy of their personal information. While there are some types of products that consumers are prepared to buy on-line (e.g., air travel), there are many about which they are reluctant. Concerns were expressed about a wide range of potential purchases, and for a variety of reasons; also, some data was inconsistent (for example, some consumers were not prepared to buy clothes on-line, but others were). This appears to be an area in which consumer attitudes are still evolving. It is suggested that it may be helpful for further research on this matter to consider both demographic factors and the degree of consumer involvement in particular types of purchases.

No description available.

Thesis (MComm (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The market share of online purchasing is under two percent of total retail spending, which provides an indication that consumers have been slow to adopt online purchasing. Previous research has shown that consumers perceive risks associated with purchasing online and these perceptions are likely to affect purchase intention. Little research, however, has been done on perceived risk relating specifically to online purchasing, and in particular, risk related to branded and non-branded retailer websites. Research has shown that brand knowledge has a direct effect on a consumer’s intention to purchase from an online retailer and that this relationship between brand knowledge and intent to purchase online is mediated by perceived risk. The purpose of this exploratory study was therefore to investigate the consumer-perceived risks associated with the intention to purchase online. The research problem considered the question whether the perceived risks (financial, performance, physical, time, social and psychological risks) associated with a branded website (Kalahari.net) are different from the perceived risks associated with a non-branded website (Books.com). It was found that four types of perceived risk exist namely, performance, time, social, and personal risk. Of these risks, only performance risk had an influence on a consumer’s purchase intention from a non-branded website whereas performance and personal risk influenced a consumer’s intention to purchase from a branded website. It was also revealed that consumers perceive performance, time, and social risk as not statistically different when purchasing from a non-branded or a branded website. However, personal risk was perceived to be statistically differently for the two websites. In addition, the brand image dimension of brand knowledge had an influence on a consumer’s purchase intention from both the branded and non-branded websites. The brand awareness dimension of brand knowledge did not influence purchase intention at all. For all four risk types on both the branded and nonbranded websites (except social risk on Books.com), at least one and in some cases, both dimensions of brand knowledge influenced the degree of perceived risk associated with purchasing on the particular website. Finally, it was concluded that the more information search a consumer does before purchase of a book on a branded or non-branded website, the higher their perceived risk associated with purchasing from the particular website. A number of recommendations were made. Methods for decreasing the amount of performance risk which consumers perceive when purchasing a book online were firstly suggested. It was further recommended that Kalahari.net investigate the dimensions of their brand such as brand image, brand awareness, and brand trust, to identify the reasons why consumers perceive performance, social and time risk as being not statistically different when purchasing on a branded and a non-branded website. Since consumers did not see a difference between the brand image of the branded and the non-branded websites, it was recommended that the branded website make every effort to investigate their current branding strategy to identify the reasons consumers view the branded website in the same manner as the non-branded website. Furthermore, since both dimensions of brand knowledge influenced the degree of perceived risk associated with purchasing on the particular website to a certain extent, it was recommended that online retailers focus on building familiarity, positive thoughts, feelings, associations, and beliefs concerning the online retailer brand. Finally, it was recommended that the influence of information search online on perceived risk associated with purchasing be further investigated; because this study found that an action that was traditionally initiated as a means for decreasing perceived risk can now be attributed to increased consumer-perceived risk associated with online shopping.

本研究主要探討電子商店業者進行網路行銷時之決策因素，以及不同經營型態之電子商店業者，其網路行銷決策因素重視程度對其企業價值與營運績效之影響。本研究是屬於實徵性研究，經由文獻探討建立起初步的研究架構、研究假說，進而設計問卷，並採郵寄方式進行調查，並將回收的問卷採取適當的統計方法加以分析、檢定，以達成本研究之目的。 本研究實際發出問卷228份，有效回收72份，有效回收率31.6%。經由資料分析發現：(1)不同型態之電子商店業者本身，對於企業價值之認知程度與營運績效並無不同；(2)當網路行銷決策因素重視程度不同時，經營型態相似之電子商店業者，對於電子商店可以「增加新的銷售通路」、「建立新的經營模式」、「提高品牌或公司知名度」以及「增加產品促銷能力」之認知程度有所不同；(3)當網路行銷決策因素重視程度不同時，經營型態相似之電子商店業者，對於電子商店的「營業額」與「獲利能力」會有所影響。 雖然不同經營型態之電子商店業者本身，對於企業價值認知程度與營運績效並無不同，但是相似經營型態之電子商店業者，在網路行銷決策因素重視程度不同時，對於企業價值認知程度與營運績效影響有所不同。因此，本研究建議電子商店業者在進行網路行銷之前，應釐清本身的經營型態，並依據其經營型態而採取適當的行銷決策，方能達到事半功倍的效果。此外，本研究發現「公司商譽與促銷因素」為影響電子商店營運績效最重要的決策因素，因此電子商店業者欲提高其營運績效，應重視此一決策因素，以增加顧客對公司及產品信心，進而提昇營運績效。

In this paper we have examined why seniors do not use e-business to the same extent as other age groups. Seniors belong to the age group that, according to statistics from Statistics Sweden (SCB) in 2011, utilizes e-business the least in relation to the number who use the internet. To understand how seniors reason and perceive the possibility to shop on the internet, we have conducted four interviews with people from 65 years and older. We have let the respondents answer questions regarding utility aspects, e-business interfaces, general shopping habits, risks, and whether or not they usually shop online. We also found out how seniors reason when they sell products and services. The results of our study show that seniors must see a benefit in using an e-business, that lack of knowledge can make them opposed to it and that they are characterized by a certain reluctance and aversion towards learning how e-business works. In this study we have used Technology Acceptance and Adoption Model (STAM) by Renaud and van Biljon (2008), to see what constitutes the seniors accepting or rejecting a technology. The model is focused on seniors and technology but not on e-business so we developed our own model, Senior E-Business Adoption & Acceptance Model (SEAM), focusing on seniors and e-business. / I den här uppsatsen har vi valt att ta reda på varör seniorer inte nyttjar möjligheten att handla via e-handel i samma utsträckning som övriga åldersgrupper. Seniorer tillhör den ålderskategori som, enligt statistik från Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) år 2011, handlar via e-handel minst i förhållande till antalet som använder internet. För att förstå hur seniorerna resonerar och upplever möjligheten att handla via internet har vi genomfört fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med personer från 65 år och uppåt. Vi har låtit intervjupersonerna besvara ett antal frågor gällande nyttoaspekt, e-handelsgränssnitt, generella shoppingvanor, risker och huruvida de själva brukar handla via internet. Vi har också tagit reda på hur seniorerna resonerar gällande att sälja produkter och tjänster. Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att seniorer måste se en nytta i att använda en e-handel, att okunskap kan göra dem negativt inställda och att de präglas av en viss ovilja och olust att lära sig hur e-handel fungerar. I studien har vi utgått från Technology Acceptance and Adoption Model (STAM) av Renaud och van Biljon (2008), för att se vad som leder fram till att seniorerna accepterar eller förkastar teknik. Modellen fokuserar på seniorer och teknik men inte på e-handel så vi valde att vidareutveckla den och skapade Senior E-business Adoption & Acceptance Model (SEAM) med inriktning på både seniorer och e-handel.

The first chapter covers the basics of the Internet as well as the strenghts and weaknesses of online shopping and data collection. The second chapter describes the decision-making process of the consumer along with possibilities of communications with customers and the differences between the bricks-and-mortar and the online customers. The third chapter provides research and results evaluation methods. The fourth chapter describes the selected search portals that help customers with the choice where to shop. The last chapter is devoted to the results of quantitative and qualitative research together with the recommendation of elements that an online store should include.

Palabras clave: Aplicación digital, Turismo, Indicadores turísticos, Viajes de negocios, Compras por internet para viajes locales. Keywords: Digital application, Tourism, Tourist indicators, Business trips, Internet shopping for local trips. / El presente trabajo de investigación realiza el análisis de la necesidad de los consumidores de paquetes turísticos de integrar bajo una sola plataforma o aplicación toda su experiencia de viaje, desde mostrar alternativas de destinos, restaurantes, y tours donde incluya todo el proceso de elección y compra final sin tener que usar otra aplicación o página web. Por otro lado, se propone una aplicación digital llamada TUMI (Tu Modo Inteligente de Viajar) que cubra esta necesidad basado en los requerimientos de los viajeros de la ciudad de Lima. Se realiza una breve descripción de la evolución de las aplicaciones en el tiempo, para luego incidir en la Idea y oportunidad del negocio; luego se describe el estado del arte y las aplicaciones con las que cuenta actualmente nuestro país para fines turísticos, se detallan algunas definiciones teóricas básicas y se muestra finalmente el propósito y se define la metodología para desarrollar el trabajo. Se realiza el análisis del mercado bajo el enfoque PESTEL y las cinco fuerzas de Porter, para luego cuantificar el volumen de mercado y segmentar el mismo basado en datos estadísticos de PROMPERU. Se muestran los resultados del sondeo de mercado basado en un cuestionario de 9 preguntas acerca de las necesidades de los viajeros al momento de realizar la compra y durante su experiencia de viaje. Se desarrolla el Plan de negocios basado en la metodología Business Model Canvas y finalmente se desarrolla el Análisis Financiero del negocio, se muestran los principales indicadores, los cuales presentan los siguientes valores: VAN=$104,390, TIR=38.63%. / The present work analyzes the requirements of tourists to integrate all their travel experience under a single platform or application, from showing alternatives destinations, restaurants, and tours that include the entire process of choose and end purchase without having to use another application or web page. In addition, we propose a digital application called TUMI (Your Smart Mode to travel) to covers these requirements based on the needs of travelers in the city of Lima. We development a brief description of the evolution of applications over time, to later influence the Idea and business opportunity; then the state of the art and the applications that our country currently has for tourist purposes are described, some basic theoretical definitions are detailed, and finally the purpose is shown and the methodology to carry out the work is defined. We analyze the market under two methodologies PESTEL analysis and Porter's five forces, to later quantify the market volume and segment it based on PROMPERU statistical data. We show the results of the market survey based on a 9-question questionnaire about travelers' needs at the time of purchase and during their travel experience. We develop the Business Plan based on the Business Model Canvas methodology and finally, we develop the Financial Analysis of the business, shows the main indicators NPV=$104,390, IRR=38.63%. / Trabajo de investigación

Title: How does the buying decision process really function within e-commerce? - A qualitative study of consumer behavior when they consume on Internet. Institution: School of Economics, Linnaeus University, Växjö. Course code: 2FE16E. <img src="file:///page3image2784" />Authors: Sara Hjärne, Mathilda Perem, Ewelina Wallin. Tutor: Dan Halvarsson. Examiner: Åsa Devine. Key words: Buying decision process, purchase decision process need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase decision, postpurchase behavior, consumer decision making, E-commerce, E- commerce channels, online shopping, online purchase, e-retail, internet shopping, electronic shopping, consumer behavior, online appereal shopping, social media, decision making, online retailing, website design, customer satisfaction, webshopping, perceived risk, convinience, price, online consumption behavior. Background: Buying decision process is a model that marketers use to get a better understanding of their customers and their behavior when purchasing a product. This process consists of five different steps; need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and evaluation. Buying decision process has for a long time been an accepted model but scientists argue that the introduction of Internet as a channel for consumption has changed this process. The Internet has also led to a change of power in which customers today have greater influence, which greatly affects the buying decision process in e-commerce Purpose: The purpose is to explore how consumers perceive their behavior when they consume through e-commerce. Research questions:How do consumers perceive the buying decision process they experience when they consume through e-commerce?How do consumers perceive different factors that are important to them when they consume through e-commerce? Methodology: Qualitative study, cross-sectional design, semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: This thesis shows that the traditional model of the buying decision process is not consistent with consumers' perception of how they are undergoing the process when applied to an e-commerce context. This process is influenced by different factors, which is influence, convenience, webpage's atmosphere, risk, price, supply, consumption occasions, expectations, delivery and return. / Titel: Hur fungerar egentligen köpbeslutsprocessen inom e-handel?- En kvalitativ studie om konsumenternas beteende vid konsumtion på Internet. Institution: Ekonomihögskolan, Linnéuniversitetet, Växjö. Kurskod: 2FE16E. Författare: Sara Hjärne, Mathilda Perem, Ewelina Wallin.<img src="file:///page5image4008" /> Handledare: Dan Halvarsson. Examinator: Åsa Devine. Nyckelord: Buying decision process, purchase decision process need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase decision, postpurchase behavior, consumer decision making, E-commerce, E- commerce channels, online shopping, online purchase, e-retail, internet shopping, electronic shopping, consumer behavior, online appereal shopping, social media, decision making, online retailing, website design, customer satisfaction, webshopping, perceived risk, convinience, price, online consumption behavior. Bakgrund: Köpbeslutsprocessen är en modell som marknadsförare använder för att få en bättre förståelse för sina kunder och deras beteende vid köp av en produkt. Denna process består av fem olika steg; behov, informationssökning, värdering av alternativ, köpbeslut och utvärdering. Köpbeslutsprocessen har länge varit en accepterad modell men forskare menar att introduktionen av Internet som en kanal för konsumtion har även förändrat denna process. Internet har även lett till ett maktskifte där kunderna idag har större inflytande, vilket i hög grad påverkar köpbeslutsprocessen inom e-handel Syfte: Syftet är att utforska hur konsumenterna uppfattar sitt beteende när de konsumerar genom e-handel. Forskningsfrågor: Hur uppfattar konsumenter den köpbeslutsprocess de går igenom när de konsumerar genom e-handel?Hur uppfattar konsumenterna olika faktorer som är betydelsefulla för dem när de konsumerar genom e-handel? Metod: Kvalitativ studie, Tvärsnittsdesign, Semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Studien visar att den traditionella modellen för köpbeslutsprocessen inte stämmer överens med konsumenternas uppfattning om hur de genomgår processen i en e-handel kontext. Denna process påverkas av faktorerna inflytande, bekvämlighet, webbsidans atmosfär, risk, pris, utbud, konsumtionstillfällen, förväntningar, leverans och retur.