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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台鐵客運財務與營運績效之研究

程雅雯, Cherng, Yea-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
摘要 本研究係從經營者的角度出發,選取能夠反映台鐵經營目標之績效評估指標以找出影響台鐵財務及營運績效的關鍵性因素,並藉以分析其經營上的問題。同時分析列車別績效排名,提供台鐵在分配列車資源時一個適當的參考。 實證結果發現在整體客運營運績效上,影響台鐵整體客運營運績效之關鍵因素,依序為「成本」、「資源利用率」、「服務率」、「員工效率」、「車輛維持效率」以及「資源效率」等六項因素。因此,台鐵欲提昇客運之營運績效,首要工作為降低成本及增加延人公里。研究進一步對費用分析的結果,發現台鐵近年來的虧損最主要是受到用人費用上升之影響。 在台鐵財務績效評估方面,本研究發現:不論在流動比率、固定資產週轉率及報酬率、負債比率、獲利能力均呈現惡化,主要是因為無法控制成本,造成營運成本迅速成長,且營收無法相對的提高,因此財務績效日漸惡化。 在列車別營運績效上,研究結果發現影響台鐵列車別營運績效的關鍵因素,可歸納為「里程」、「成本」及「使用率」等三因素,其中「里程」為最能代表列車績效之因素,而列車別績效的優劣順序為復興號、普通車、自強號、莒光號。顯示復興號與普通車最能符合台鐵效率、經濟、移動性、方便、安全、快速、合理利潤等多重的營運目標。 / 英文摘要 This research is from operator’s point of view, choosing the performance indicators that can reflect the Taiwan railroad’s operation goal to find the key successful factors. Of it and analyze its problems. Still rank the of different train providing a base when allocating resource among different trains. The empirical result shows that the key factors in total operation performance of TRA are cost resource usage. As a result, to improve TRA‘s operation performance, the most important is to lower the cost and increase the passenger kilometer, the result also shows that, the most important reason due to TRA’s loss is highly increase in personnel fee. And in TRA’s financial performance, this research shows that no matter in current ratio, fixed asset turnover and return rate, debt ratio and profit all become worse, the most important reason is due to its uncontrollable cost. In different train operation performance the result shows that the key factors of its performance are kilometer cost and usage. .
2

公司上市前強制性財務預測與上市後營運績效關係之研究 / The relationship between revision of mandatory forecasts and changes in operating performance

李清添 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在探討上市後業績與盈餘衰退之公司其強制性財務預測的準確性、修正頻率與時間特性等資訊特質是否與非衰退公司之間有顯著的不同。 本研究所選取之樣本期間自民國80年6月至民國85年底之新上市公司曾在上市當年度及上市後三年之內公告或更新財務預測與盈餘等相關資訊者,總計樣本共計152家,341個觀察值。研究方法以迴歸分析為主。而研究結果如下: 1、新上市公司於申報公告強制性財務預測時常有過度樂觀的情形出現,且此一情形頗為嚴重。 2、初次上市公司於編製強制性預測時過度樂觀者,其上市之後由於經營效率(資產週轉率)及經營效果(獲利率)的降低,致使部份盈餘與業績呈現出衰退的情況。 3、初次上市公司於編製強制性預測時樂觀程度愈大者,上市之後其財務預測的誤差值越大。 4、初次上市公司於編製強制性預測時樂觀程度愈大者,上市之後其財務預測值的誤差值越大,因而必需要更新預測一次以上。 5、強制性預測的樂觀程度越大者,上市之後其業績衰退的程度並不一定較大,因為盈餘與業績變數之中有部份於上市之後是呈現成長的情況。 6、強制性預測的樂觀程度較大,且上市之後其業績的衰退程度也較大的公司,其財務預測的更新頻率相對較高。 7、上市前後強制性預測過度樂觀且上市後業績衰退的公司,其修正財務預測的時間會刻意的延後,而大多集中在半年報公告前後、年底及年報公告之前,且有集中於第四季的情況。 / This study aims to examine the relationship between the revision of mandatory forecasts and the changes in operating performance. This study contends that the forecast revisions should significantly correlate with changes in operating performance. No such study has investigated this issue in the past literature; thus, this is an important issue. This study selects samples from the period between June 30, 1991 and December 31,1996. The empirical findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The mandatory forecasts of IPO(lnitial Public Offering) companies are usually optimistic. 2. The volatility of operating performance comes from the declining of operating efficiency or effectiveness. 3. The more optimistic the IPO companies are the more percentage they need to revise the forecasts. 4. Some variables of operating performance grow up after IPO. 5. The more optimistic the forecasts are the higher the frequency of the revision of forecasts. 6. The revision of forecasts falls mostly on the mid year ,the year end and the fourth season of the year.
3

產業景氣與購併績效之研究

吳家昌, Wu, Chia-Chang Unknown Date (has links)
過去國內學者研究購併後公司績效的變化,皆發現整體的績效降低,與國外學者的研究發現相異。由於國內學者使用的衡量變數並未調整產業結構因素,以及不同會計方法可能對衡量變數產生的影響,所以我們採用Healy et.al.(1992)的衡量變數,發現如下的結果: 一、購併後公司的實質經營績效有顯著的改善 二、分析綜效產生的來源,結果顯示購併之後,資產效率性雖然降低,但是現金利潤率提高。而且由於現金利潤率對於實質經營績效的貢獻較大,故購併後期的實質經營績效,較購併前期提高。 三、產業購併有群聚的現象。在產業收縮下進行的購併的公司,實質經營績效改善程度較高。績效改善的來源,為現金利潤率的顯著提升,資產周轉率不顯著異於擴張產業的購併公司 四、在產業擴張下進行購併的公司,購併前後實質經營績效無顯著差異 是故,當公司處於收縮的產業中,可藉由購併去整合資源,節省營業成本,達成績效上的提升。在擴張的產業中,公司也可藉由購併去快速獲取市場機會,但是購併後公司的經營績效並未顯著提升,抑或下降,所以在購併價格的支付上,必須注意避免過度支付。
4

以過度投資分析現金增資與營運績效之關係 / The effect of overinvestment on the relationship between SEOs and operating performance

陳玫蓉 Unknown Date (has links)
在台灣現金增資已成為企業集資主要手段之一,尤以電子業之現金增資案例居各產業之首。關於現金增資與營運績效之議題,不論是學術界或實務領域皆受到相當程度關注。本研究以台灣上市公司現金增資為例,探討1995年1月1日至2003年12月31日共九年資料,分析現金增資後過度投資(overinvestment)對於營運績效之影響。本研究結論及實證結果如下: (1)使用營運資產報酬率、資產報酬率、每股盈餘、股票報酬率等績效衡量指標衡量現金增資前後之營運績效表現,發現增資後營運績效顯著下降。 (2)現金增資後現金收益(proceeds)主要用於投資。 (3)過度投資造成營運績效下降,而電子業之適度投資將使得營運績效上升,投資機會低且過度投資將使得營運績效嚴重下降。 / In Taiwan, Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) has become an important source of corporate financing. It is especially the case for the semiconductor and electronic industries. Previous studies have documented that firms’ operating performance deteriorates after SEOs. In this research, the emphasis is on how overinvesting affects firms’ operating performances after SEOs. The sample of this research consists of SEOs of listed companies during 1995 through 2003 in the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). The results and conclusions of this research are as followings: (1)The performance indicators, such as operating ROA, ROA, EPS, and stock return performance indexes, decline after SEOs. (2)The primary purpose of SEO proceeds is for investment. (3)Firms’ performance improves with optimal investment in the electronic industry while onverinvestment explains poor firms’ performance after SEOs. The adverse effect of overinvestment on performance is more severe in firms with fewer investment opportunities.
5

大陸上市公司現金增資資格與盈餘管理關係之研究

蔡志仁 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討大陸上市公司現金增資前後財務經營績效變動與增資資格的關係。所選取的樣本係選自在1995至1997三年間辦理增資配股的上市公司。所採用的研究方法為無母數統計方法中的Wilcoxon signed rank test & Wilcoxon rank sum test兩種檢定方法。研究的結果如下:  1.公司增資當年及增資後第一、二、三年之營業淨利╱總資產及營業淨利╱銷貨收入,接較增資前三年財務績效平均有明顯衰退的現象,並且達到顯著水準。造成財務績效衰退的原因可能來自於經營效率不佳,資產周轉率大幅下降,及經營效果降低所導致。另外銷貨收入在增資後沒有明顯的大幅提昇,亦可能是造成財務績效衰退的其中一個原因。但資本支出在增資後有明顯的增加,表示造成財務績效衰退,並非來自資本支出的減少。  2.在增資條件與財務績效衰退的幅度關係方面,由無母數檢定的結果得知,前三年稅後淨資產利潤率平均越高者,其財務績效衰退的幅度可能比較大,但是並沒有得到統計上明顯的支持。  3.在增資規模與財務績效衰退的幅度方面,由無母數檢定的結果得知,增資規模比例越大者,其財務績效衰退的幅度可能比較小,但這結果亦沒有達到統計上的顯著水準。  4.由迴歸的分析得知,增資條件與財務績效的衰退在增資後第一、二、三年皆呈現明顯的負相關,由邊際檢定得知亦達到統計的顯著水準。增資規模的迴歸係數雖然與財務績效衰退程度成正相關,但由邊際檢定的結果並不顯著。
6

租稅規劃策略與營運績效之關聯性研究-以台灣上市櫃電子業為例 / The relationship between tax planning strategies and operating performance: evidence from Taiwan Listed Company in Electronic industry.

林怡均, Lin, Yi Chun Unknown Date (has links)
因應全球化,企業跨國交易日趨頻繁,降低企業租稅成本並提升投資資金成 為管理階層經營首要考量。因此,跨國租稅規劃議題乃成為企業不容忽視的議題, 本研究主要探討企業投入研究發展的程度、於租稅天堂設立公司密集程度及關係 人交易移轉訂價偏離常規交易程度與公司營運績效的關聯性。 企業投入之研究發展支出可以作為費用及一定程度內適用政府提供之投資 租稅抵減達到稅盾效果;透過於境外低稅率或免稅國家成立公司,可能會透過控 股關係移轉所得達到降低稅負的效果 ; 透過關係人交易將利潤移轉至低稅負國 家的公司以降低整體企業稅負。此三種租稅規劃策略對企業營運績效之影響乃本 研究重點。 本研究以 2010 年至 2014 年共計 1,636 筆台灣上市櫃電子業之資料,相關的 實證結果顯示如下: 一、研究發展投入程度與企業營運績效關聯性方面:研究發展與企業營運績效呈顯著正相關。 二、租稅天堂稠密程度與企業營運績效關聯性方面:租稅天堂稠密程度與企業營運績效呈負相關,但是關聯性並不顯著。 三、關係人偏離常規移轉訂價與企業營運績效關聯性方面:關係人偏離常規移轉訂價與企業營運績效呈顯著正相關。 綜合此三種租稅規劃策略中以研究發展活動對企業營運績效最具顯著影響 力,因此,本研究推斷企業投入研究發展有助於提升企業長期的生產力、突破或 創新等,並進一步促進企業營運績效成長。 但將子公司設置於租稅天堂對企業營運績效則較不具影響力,認為是因為近 年來,各國政府與國際組織紛紛加強查緝與建立完善的租稅制度以防止企業透過 紙上公司規避稅負的政策關係,而且此一租稅規劃並無為關聯企業創造任何實質價值。因此,在全球打擊租稅規避風潮逐漸盛行下,企業於租稅天堂佈局子公司可能亦會使企業暴露額外的稅務風險。 企業透過關係人偏離常規交易對企業營運績效雖呈現正相關,但顯著性較研 究發展活動低,推斷為該租稅規劃策略目的僅以稅負極小化作為首要考量,未助於直接提升企業長期營運績效。 / In response to globalization, corporations increase cross-border transactions year by year. Reducing tax costs and increasing capital investment are managements’ primary consideration. Therefore, multinational corporations’ tax planning becomes a noticeable issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the extent of corporations’ research and development, the intensity of setting affiliates in tax haven, transfer pricing among affiliates deviated from arm’s length principle with corporate operating performance. Research and development investment can be expenses when filing tax return and applies for investment tax credit in certain degree to reduce corporate tax cost; through setting up offshore companies in low-tax or tax-free countries, holding companies may transfer or shift income to reduce the corporate tax burden; through related party transactions, holding companies can transfer profits to low-tax countries to reduce the company's overall corporate tax burden. This study focus on how do these three kinds of tax planning strategies affect corporate operating performance. The data of this study is from year 2010 to 2014 a total of 1,636 Taiwan-listed corporations in electronic industry. The relevant empirical results are shown below: First, the relationship between the degree of investment in research and development and corporate operating performance: They show a significant positive correlation. Second, the intensity of setting affiliates in tax haven and corporate operating performance: They are negatively correlated, but the correlation is not significant. Third, transfer pricing among affiliates deviated from arm’s length principle with corporate operating performance: They show a significant positive correlation. Among these three comprehensive tax-planning strategies, research and development activities influence most significantly on the corporate operating performance. Therefore, this study concluded that investments in research and development help corporations to improve long-term productivity of the enterprise, or breakthrough innovation, and further promote business operations performance growth. But set up affiliates in tax haven influencing less on corporate operating performance. Infer that governments and international organizations gradually reinforce investigating and establish a sound tax system in order to prevent tax avoidance through the paper companies. Besides, the tax planning doesn’t create any real value to affiliates. As the trend of fighting against tax avoidance increasingly popular around the world, setting up companies in tax haven may also make additional corporate tax risk exposure. Transfer pricing among affiliates deviated from arm’s length principle with corporate operating performance has positively correlated, but relatively less significant than the impact of research and development activities. Infer that this strategy only takes tax minimization as primary consideration, and not directly help to enhance long-term corporate operating performance.
7

我國國營事業營運管理之研究--營運績效的檢視及管理問題之探討

楊關錩, YANG, GUAN-CHANG Unknown Date (has links)
國營事業已為世界各國普遍採行的一種經營體制,我國基於民生主義經濟原則從事經 濟建設,兼重「國家經營」及「個人企業」,國營事業不僅是國家經濟活動重要的一 環,其經營管理的良窳更影響國計民生甚距。 近年來,由於若干國營事業的經營不如想,連年虧損,其影響於營運績效者至大,引 起國人普遍的關切,更求改革之呼聲亦頗為高漲。然而「國營」與「民營」經營本質 上即有有差異,是否能夠相提並論?國營事業的經營難關,是否將其轉移民營,或結 束其營運,便可迎刃而解?本文擬以公允、持平的觀點,經由多種客觀的指標,及對 國營與民營企業的問卷調本,來評估經濟部所屬的十二家國營生產事業之經營成效, 分析檢討其管理癥結所在,並提出改進之建議。 全文一冊,共分六章二十二節,計約十萬言:首章緒論,首先說明英、英、法、義及 日、韓等國國營事業發展的背景及其今後的趨勢,俾便獲取各國之經驗教訓;次言我 國國營事業的形成背景、過程及其重要性;再闡述研究動機、目的、範圍,並說明研 究方法及限制。第二章,探討國營事業績效分析在學理上的依據,及其衡量的標準, 並就國內外學者之經驗研究,予以歸納檢討,從而建立本文的分析架構。第三章,檢 視近幾年國營事業的綜合績效,分析其經濟效益:營業成長、就業提供、外貿貢獻; 經營績效:經營能力、獲利能力、財務結構,並比較國營與民營企業的績效。第四章 ,透過回卷調查結果,評估我國國營事業在社會服務、政策性、企業化的成效,並進 行國營生產事業間比較。第五章,檢討經濟部國營事業委員會所拴行的管理革新方案 ,並整理問卷有關國營事業在社會、政策、事業功能、營運整體方面的問題。第六章 ,根據本研究發現,我國國營事業在發達國家資本、促進經濟發展、履行社會責任、 及政策性配合方面多所貢獻,然而在經營能力、獲利能力、財務結構及外貿貢獻等方 面,普遍的不理想;企業化經營仍未具成效;管理革新方案的推動亦未能達到預期的 效果,最後,本文將國營事業營運管理的問題,作一全盤性的檢討,並提出改進其營 運現況以期邁向企業化經營之建議。
8

境外融資對公司營運績效之影響 - 以 ECB 為案例

陳韋霖, Chen Wei-Lin Unknown Date (has links)
海外可轉換債券提供台灣企業能在台灣境外融資的管道,其正面的影響主要為能擴充企業融資管道、發行金額較大、資金成本較低、可增進發行企業海外的知名度與能見度,以及分散企業資金風險的好處。但另一方面,由於海外可轉換債券是以外國貨幣為計價單位,將會增加發行企業的外匯風險,而且海外可轉換債券的發行金額龐大,企業使用財務槓桿的程度大大提升,使得發行企業的財務風險大幅增加,此外,海外可轉換債券的發行成本亦是相對較高的。因此,以海外可轉換債券融資是否對所有的企業均有利、海外可轉換債券發行市場是否有著一個區隔性、對於可使用海外融資市場的企業是否相對產生了一種優勢,這是一項值得探討的議題,而這是本文研究的動機所在。而本研究之實證結果如下: 1. 海外可轉換債券與國內可轉換債券發行公司其發行動機有顯著的不同,特別是在公司預期未來國外依存度較高、資產擴充程度較大、公司規模較大、成長力較小與發行金額較大的情況下,相較發行國內可轉換債券而言,公司將會傾向選擇發行海外可轉換債券。 2. 相較於國內可轉換債券的宣告,在公司宣告發行海外可轉換債券時並無超額報酬,此顯示了使用海外可轉換債券融資有相對好處的企業,在公司宣告前已充分的使用了此一優勢。 3. 相較於國內可轉換債券發行公司的營運績效而言,在發行後海外可轉換 債券發行公司的營運績效顯著較佳,但此一結果並不能由發行企業的特性來解釋,反而是因融資來源的擴充使公司流動性增加所造成的。
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智慧資本影響企業經營績效模式之探討─我國液晶顯示器(LCD)製造產業之實證研究

吳俊輝, Wu,Chun-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
智慧資本的觀念近幾年為產學界熱門探討的主題,其原因主要來自無形資產對企業經營影響的比例越來越加重,而有形資產的多寡不再是決定企業成功的關鍵,知識將取代機器設備、資金、原料或土地,成為最重要的關鍵因素,這種轉變對於科技產業影響更是深遠。 在政府「2兆雙星計畫」的政策性激勵下,LCD產業儼然成為台灣之明星產業,但是在關鍵技術仍然未能突破的情形下,相關產業成功與失敗的案例不斷上演,到底如何維持這個產業的競爭優勢?LCD相關製造產業重要的無形資產是什麼?這些資產如何為企業創造利潤?這些都是產業界與學術界關注的課題,本文提出智慧資本影響LCD製造產業經營價值的模式,並以實證方式探討並提出建議。
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可轉換公司債發行時機與營運績效之研究

林素菁 Unknown Date (has links)
在考量或依據籌措資金的目的、資金成本、募集資金的金額、貨幣市場及法令因素等,公司會在多元的籌資管道中選擇最有利的方式進行。可轉換公司債自民國79年遠東紡織發行後,就受到企業的喜愛與投資人的注意。發行可轉換公司債時機及營運績效與發行CB之相關性,是本研究所探討的重點,同時也希望此研究結果能對未來預發行可轉換公司債的企業有所幫助。 本研究首先透過問卷調查的方式,發現企業發行國內可轉換公司債之主要動機為募資資金成本較低,選擇發行ECB的主要動機則為降低利息負擔。接著嘗試已證實測試方式,依照所選取樣本分成四組,進行對照比較,發現外部因素如利率、股價、法令變動對企業是否選擇CB作為募資方式並無明顯相關性。再進一步了解發行CB對公司營運績效影響,發現公司發行可轉換公司債之後,獲利變差。另外進行公司特徵之分析;在鋼鐵業方面,發行前財務比率即較同業差,發行年度及發行後二年財務比率並未因發行可轉換公司債而轉好,因此無法推估發行可轉換公司債與獲利能力之關聯性。在電子業方面;三組電子業的樣本與同業的對照比較中,以半導體產業發行可轉換公司債為募資方式的公司最多,且發行後可能公司本身獲利能力有逐漸衰退,但無論是獲利能力,經營能力等財務比率皆優於同業。 遂進一步觀察其發行時機集中在86、87年,正處於半導體景氣衰退期,直到89年初景氣才復甦,正發揮可轉換公司債的產品特色,在景氣衰退時,以發行可轉換公司債的利息負擔最低,可在獲利減少下避免稀釋盈餘,且可以高於市場價格作為轉換價格,避免股價的低估,或許這是被認為發行可轉換公司債後,獲利能力會變差的原因之一,但半導體廠商在選對正確時機發行後,在景氣不佳時,仍有優於同業的獲利及經營能利,實則為發行可轉換公司債所帶來的最低成本的資金。 關鍵字:可轉換公司債、海外可轉換公司債、營運績效、CB、ECB / To consider or base on the purpose of financing、the cost of capital、the amount of fund、currentfinancial market conditions and governing laws.....etc,usually a company will choose the most beneficial source of finance. In 1990 in Taiwan, the Convertible Bond ( CB ) was issued by Far East Textile Co. and was favorably attracted by both companies and investors since. The primary subject of this studding is to discuss the correlation between the time of issuing CB and operating performance after issuing CB. Hopefully, this paper can be useful to the company desiring to issue CB in the future. First o fall, by using the survey method I found that most companies in Taiwan chose issuing local CB as the source of finance because of cheaper capital cost. Some companies chose issuing ECB for reducing interest burden. Secondly, by using practical test method: separate the selected samples into four groups for comparison testing. In results, there is no obvious correlation between exterior factors and the companies whether issuing CB. The exterior factors include interest、stock price and security laws. Finally, this paper explains the operating performance, especially the earning profit ability, of the companies getting poor after issuing CB. To understand such result, compare the characteristics of the companies in the same industry. In steel and iron industry;the financial ratios of the selected company without issuing CB are poorer than competitors’. Then the selected company didn't get better within two years after issuing CB. In this case, I can't assume that the operating performance or result is related to the company issuing CB matter. In electronic industry; three samples of electronic corporations were compared with their competitors. This paper illustrates that issuing CB as the way of financing for the company is the most popular among semiconductor industry. Although the selected company faced a downturn in earnings after issuing CB, it still performed well in terms of financial ratios compared with its competitors. To go a step further to observe the issuing time during 1997 and 1998, the semiconductor industry encountered a slumped condition until early 2000. In this time frame, CB product naturally explained its merits by itself. When the company faced a down-turn economic situation, usually with poor earnings,the company tended to issue CB as the source of finance in order to reducing interest cost, smoothing earning per share, protecting shareholders' rights to transfer a better share price in the future. The condition above accidentally misled the thoughts of that the issue of CB will cause poor earnings. The companies in semiconductor industry chose the right time to issue CB.They still keep a better operating performance than competitors and obtain fund for the lowest cost of capital due to choose issuing CB as the way of finance.

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