It is widely accepted in the literature that adverse experiences in childhood, such as abuse and emotional invalidation, pose a major risk factor for the development of psychopathology later in life. What is less known, however, is what processes mediate these associations. This study investigated whether psychological inflexibility – that is, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance - play a role in mediating these relationships. Although abuse and experiential avoidance have featured prominently in the literature, emotional invalidation and cognitive fusion have been comparatively neglected. 518 adults currently experiencing self-reported psychological distress were recruited from online mental health support forums. They completed questionnaires measuring experiences of abuse and maternal/paternal emotional invalidation in childhood and current levels of cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and psychopathology in an online survey. Given the interpersonal nature of the childhood experiences, and the impact these may have on attachment relationships, participants were also asked to complete a measure of adult attachment. Regression and path analyses indicated that whilst childhood abuse had a direct impact on adult psychopathology, experiences of maternal and paternal emotional invalidation had indirect relationships with psychopathology via cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. In terms of predicting current levels of psychopathology, cognitive fusion made the most significant contribution, both directly, and indirectly via experiential avoidance. No reliable predictive relationships were observed between adult attachment and any other variable. The results add novel findings to the literature regarding the role of childhood emotional invalidation and cognitive fusion in the development and/or maintenance of distress. They suggest that clinical interventions aimed at cognitive defusion may be of particular benefit to people currently experiencing psychological distress and, perhaps, those with a history of emotional invalidation. However, the cross-sectional nature of this study limits the causal conclusions that can be made and future research should consider the use of longitudinal designs to extend these findings.

Based on existing theories of personality and socio-emotional functioning (e.g. Clark, 2005; Lynch, Hempel & Clark, in press) a new model is proposed and tested. The model hypothesises that (i) temperament (reward and threat sensitivity) and childhood invalidation predict problems with interpersonal functioning, (ii) this effect is mediated by self-regulatory capacity; where self-regulatory capacity comprises self-control (ranging from emotional over-control to emotional under-control) and flexible control and (iii) self-regulatory capacity itself has a quadratic relationship with interpersonal functioning. A UK community sample (n= 512) completed a self-report survey, measuring each of the aforementioned latent variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine the goodness-of-fit of this and variations of this model. SEM identified that a non-mediation model provided the best fit (χ²=49.403, p< 0.001; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.056). Good-fit was obtained for a model including flexible control as a partial mediator (χ²=269.06, p< 0.001; CFI=0.956; RMSEA=0.081) and adequate-fit for a model including over-control as a partial mediator (χ²= 91.744, p < 0.001, CFI=0.932; RMSEA= 0.096). Correlation analyses suggested that over-control and under-control correlated positively with interpersonal problems. Results from SEM provided promising initial evidence for the mediating role of self-regulatory capacity, particularly for the flexible control component. Correlation analyses provided support for the non-linear relationship between self-regulatory capacity and interpersonal functioning, whereby extreme over-control or extreme under-control is associated with interpersonal problems. Findings have implications for identifying mechanisms of change for therapeutic approaches to emotion dysregulation and for understanding the over-controlled population, which has previously been overlooked.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taiane Lobato de Castro.pdf: 685544 bytes, checksum: c3423fe1cb4a6c8e02488560c1c91ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / The objective of this study is to address, within the Brazilian legal system, the duty of motivation of administrative acts and the consequence of its non compliance. Such option is justified as the administrative acting must always be guided by the reasons for its acts. We do not see any basis to be otherwise. The single paragraph of article 1st of the Federal Constitution is categorical in saying that all power comes from the people, who exercises it through elected representatives or directly. Thus, based on constitutional device, there must be no darkness or lack of motivation of administrative acts. Documentary research and literature of national and foreign authors, as well as our Court decisions, led us to the result that the motivation must be considered a sublime principle to be pursued by the Administration, as it represents true guarantee to the people, and, if not observed, there could be either a voiding or a validating act, provided that it has been verified in a case and the real consequences in the legal sphere of the people / O objetivo do presente trabalho é abordar, dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o dever de motivação dos atos administrativos e a conseqüência de sua inobservância. Tal opção justifica-se, pois o agir administrativo deve sempre ser norteado pela fundamentação de seus atos. Não vislumbramos qualquer embasamento para ser de outra forma. O parágrafo único do artigo 1° da Constituição Federal é categórico ao afirmar que todo poder emana do povo, que o exerce por meio de seus representantes eleitos ou diretamente. Assim, com base em dispositivo constitucional não pode haver qualquer eventual obscuridade ou inexistência de motivação dos atos administrativos. Através da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, tanto de autores nacionais, como de autores estrangeiros, bem como de julgamentos de ações de nossos tribunais, obtemos o resultado de que a motivação deve ser considerada princípio sublime a ser perseguido pela Administração, pois representa verdadeira garantia dos administrados e caso não seja observada poderá haver ato invalidador ou convalidador desde que haja verificação do caso concreto e a real conseqüência na esfera jurídica dos administrados

Previous research has indicated that racial identity invalidation has negative effects on multiracial individuals. Using a 2x2 mixed factorial design, this study investigates the effects of who does the invalidating (between subjects: Ingroup A vs. Unspecified Outgroup) and which of a multiracial individual’s strongest two racial identities is being invalidated (within subjects: Racial Identity A vs. Racial Identity B). Participants were 65 multiracial individuals recruited via social media to complete an online Qualtrics survey. Participants’ levels of psychological distress and identification with their strongest racial group were measured after they read each of two racial identity invalidation scenarios. We found that multiracial individuals reported higher levels of distress when the source of invalidation was an ingroup member belonging to their strongest racial ingroup and the basis of invalidation was the shared racial identity. Additionally, controlling for baseline racial group identification, multiracial individuals reported lower identification with their strongest racial group when the source of invalidation was an ingroup member belonging to their strongest racial ingroup and the basis of invalidation was the shared racial identity. Therefore, it is not necessarily the source or basis of invalidation that matters, but rather the interaction between them – racial identity invalidation only has negative effects on multiracial individuals when the identity of the source of invalidation matches the racial identity being invalidated.

The power of abuse, either in childhood or in adulthood, is clear in many cases. Yet certain types of abuse are harder to detect and understand. Emotional invalidation is one type of abuse that is characterized by an incongruence or minimization of another person's emotions. This experimental study explored effects of emotional invalidation and emotional validation on people's level of emotional self-efficacy. Participants (n = 230) were recruited through Quest Mindshare using a survey created through SurveyMonkey, and randomly placed into 3 groups. All participants were given a survey that asked them to choose how certain pictures made them feel. In the experimental groups, experimenter feedback was either validating or invalidating. Following the survey, a measure of emotional self-efficacy was measured through the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). An ANCOVA research design was used in order to determine if differences in participant's ESES scores existed between the 3 groups, while controlling for age. The results revealed that the group receiving the invalidating feedback scored significantly lower than did the control group on the ESES score. This finding supports previous research completed with emotional invalidation and involves an aspect of communication that pertains to many different settings and interpersonal relationships including, but not limited to, teachers and students, family members, and friends. This study also has positive social change implications in the mental health field by illuminating the role of invalidating feedback on emotional self-efficacy, a finding which may inform clinicians' work to bolster mental health in all individuals.

De nombreux facteurs régulant la fonction des Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques (CSH) ont été identifiés ces dernières années grâce à des modèles murins. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai montré que le gène Notchless (Nle) était nécessaire au maintien des CSH adultes. L'inactivation ubiquitaire de Nle chez la souris adulte provoque la mort des souris en une douzaine de jours, précédée d'une disparition rapide des CSH et des progéniteurs multipotents. Suite à la délétion de Nle, les CSH entrent en cycle indiquant que Nle pourrait être important pour le maintien de la quiescence des CSH. Aucune augmentation de l'apoptose n'a été détectée. Différentes approches de greffes ont montré que Nle était requis dans les CSH de façon autonome cellulaire. L'ensemble de ces données a permis de conclure que Nle est un régulateur critique du maintien des CSH, à l'homéostasie et en situation de stress. Par ailleurs, des approches in vivo et ex vivo suggèrent que Nle n'est pas requis pour le développement et la survie des cellules B et des progéniteurs myéloïdes. Des données récentes ont montré que l'orthologue de Nle chez la levure était impliqué dans la biogenèse des ribosomes. En utilisant des cellules ES murines, j'ai montré que ce rôle était conservé chez la souris. Par une approche combinée de marquages des cellules hématopoïétiques et de FISH sur les ARNr, j'ai montré que la délétion de Nle affectait la biogenèse des ribosomes dans les CSH et les progéniteurs immatures, mais pas dans le lignage B. Dans son ensemble, mon travail de thèse suggère que la synthèse des ribosomes pourrait être spécifiquement régulée en fonction du type cellulaire, et en particulier dans les cellules souches

<p>Although it has been hypothesized that chronic emotional invalidation by a parent may have lasting effects on later ability to regulate emotions, and possibly increase the chances of experiencing symptoms of psychopathology, the possible mechanisms surrounding this relationship have not been adequately explored. Further, many investigations have used retrospective reports of invalidation, which may be subject to bias. This pilot study of 19 adolescent-parent dyads explored associations between invalidation, experiential avoidance, and child symptoms of psychopathology in a cross sectional design. Retrospective reports of invalidation as well as an observationally-coded measure of invalidation during laboratory discussions of emotion were utilized, and compared for agreement. The feasibility and acceptability of a larger investigation of these questions is also discussed. It was found that adolescent-reported recalled invalidation seemed to show a stronger pattern of association with observationally coded invalidation than do parent reports. Additionally, several alternative mechanistic hypotheses showed some promise for further exploration. This pilot study was found to be acceptable to participants; however, recruitment of adolescents from a clinical population - and their parents to participate with them - was the greatest obstacle to feasibility for a larger study.</p> / Dissertation

Emotional invalidation is a construct closely related to childhood maltreatment, which has been linked theoretically and empirically to the development of psychopathology. This study sought to advance the empirical investigation into emotional invalidation through three primary objectives: 1) to critically review the way emotional invalidation is currently defined and measured in the existing literature, 2) to offer a novel approach at conceptualizing and measuring emotional invalidation as a two part construct comprised of emotionally invalidating behaviors and perceived emotional invalidation, and 3) to experimentally test the effects of invalidating behaviors on a person's perception of emotional invalidation and their level of emotional distress. Results suggest that the invalidation paradigm created for this study did lead participants in this condition to report higher levels of perceived emotional invalidation compared to participants in the neutral condition; however, they did not report higher levels of emotional distress. Potential moderation was examined for participants' levels of borderline personality features and childhood maltreatment based on the theoretical relationships among emotional invalidation and these constructs. Unexpectedly, participants' borderline personality features and childhood maltreatment histories did not individually contribute unique variance in the prediction of emotional distress, but together did predict higher levels of emotional distress. In regards to the perception of emotional invalidation, neither borderline personality features or childhood maltreatment were found to be significant predictors. The need exists for continued research in this area as many questions remain unanswered, and the implications for determining what makes some types of emotional invalidation harmful are significant.

No description available.

Denna studie undersökte samsjuklighet mellan smärta och social ångest i en smärtpopulation genom klusteranalys. Syftet var att undersöka om det fanns en undergrupp bland smärtpatienter som skattade högt på social ångest samt högt på upplevd invalidering före och efter smärtbehandling. Syftet var vidare att se om denna undergrupp skattade annorlunda vad gäller funktion jämfört med smärtpatienter med låg grad av social ångest samt se hur individer rörde sig mellan kluster över tid. Data bestod av självskattningsformulär från 157 smärtpatienter. Resultatet visade att det fanns en undergrupp som skattade högt på social ångest och upplevd invalidering. Individer i denna undergrupp hade lägre funktion innan såväl som efter behandling och tenderade att stanna kvar i de undergrupper som skattade högt på social ångest. / Comorbidity between pain and social anxiety in a sample of chronic pain patients was examined with cluster analysis. The purpose was to examine if there was a subgroup among pain patients that scored high on social anxiety and perceived invalidation before and after pain treatment. An additional purpose was to analyze if this subgroup scored differently on functioning compared to other pain patients and to explore movements between clusters over time. Data was based on self-report questionnaires from 157 pain patients. The results revealed an existing subgroup which scored high on social anxiety and perceived invalidation. The clusters with high social anxiety showed a lower level of functioning before and after pain treatment. These individuals tended to remain in the clusters scoring high on social anxiety over time