The search for origins of the republican aedileship presents a difficult task. At first sight the story about foundation and evolution of this magistracy lies in ancient sources. On the closer look it may be discerned, that the same sources have their own present intentions. They search for a tradition in oral based history to legitimise the current status of the aedileship and present it in historical context. Yet another question raises ambiguity. The twin character of the magistracy blurs our perceptions and makes it challenging to distinguish whether plebeian and curule aedileships are evolving intertwined or apart of each other. Nevertheless, delving upon the wide variety of ancient sources it is still possible to reconstruct the basic functions and duties of the aediles. Furthermore, the aedileship has to be looked upon in broader picture, in order to figure out, how it is situated in the system of republican magistracies and why the roman aristocrats strived to serve as aediles. The main purpose of this paper is to bring the aedileship out of the shadows and present it as full pledged research topic. Starting with aedileship it may embark us on questioning our knowledge of the republican magistracies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Ce mémoire est une étude traductologique du suédois au français, concernant les mots inventés par Astrid Lindgren dans Ronya fille de brigand et spécifiquement les invectives, les jurons et les êtres (personnages inventés). Nous avons étudié les stratégies utilisées par la traductrice (selon Vinay et Darbelnet), la proximité avec la langue source ou la langue cible et le problème spécifique de traduire un livre pour la jeunesse du suédois au français. Notre conclusion est que les stratégies sont parfois difficiles à cerner mais que ce sont surtout des stratégies indirectes, que le texte est proche de la langue cible et qu’il y a un remplacement des mots inventés par des mots courants de la langue cible. Notre conclusion est que s’il n’existe pas une express ion identique dans la langue cible, il est probable que le traducteur remplace l’expression en question par une expression courante. / This essay is a translation study from Swedish to French concerning the invented words by Astrid Lindgren in Ronia, the Robber’s Daughter, in particular the swear words, invectives and spirits (invented figures). Our study examines the strategies used by the translator according to Vinay and Darbelnet, the closeness to the source language or the target language and the specific problems when translating a book for children from Swedish to French. Our conclusion is that the strategies sometimes are difficult to encircle and that the indirect strategies are more frequent. We noticed also that the text, concerning these words, is closer to the target language and that there is a replacement of the invented words of more standard words in the target language. Our conclusion is that if it does not exist an identical expression in the target language, it is likely that the translator replaces this expression with a more common one.

La présente thèse a pour objectif d’étudier le rôle des facteurs cognitifs (traitement phonologique et visuoattentionnel et mémoire lexicale orthographique) dans l’acquisition des connaissances orthographiques implicites et explicites. Afin d’examiner les liens entre les différents facteurs cognitifs et les connaissances orthographiques, une étude longitudinale a été réalisée à l’aide d’un échantillon de 338 enfants suivis de la maternelle 5 ans à la fin de la deuxième année du primaire. À la fin de la maternelle, les enfants ont été évalués à l’aide d’une épreuve d’orthographe approchée et d’épreuves évaluant les facteurs cognitifs en jeu dans l’apprentissage du langage écrit (traitement phonologique, traitement visuoattentionnel et mémoire à court et à long terme). Les connaissances lexicales orthographiques explicites de ces mêmes enfants ont été évaluées en fin de première et de deuxième années. Le premier article de cette thèse rapporte les données d’une étude réalisée auprès des enfants scolarisés en maternelle 5 ans. Cette étude vise l’établissement d’un lien entre, d’une part, la capacité de traitement phonologique, visuoattentionnel et de mémoire lexicale orthographique et, d’autre part, les connaissances orthographiques implicites des enfants qui n’ont pas encore eu d’enseignement formel de l’écriture. Les résultats indiquent que, contrairement à ce qui a été longtemps avancé, la capacité de traitement phonologique n’est pas le seul facteur cognitif à intervenir, puisque la capacité de mémoire lexicale orthographique à long terme ainsi que la capacité visuoattentionnelle contribuent de façon importante et indépendante à l’acquisition des connaissances orthographiques implicites des enfants de la maternelle 5 ans. La mémoire lexicale orthographique est même le facteur qui apporte la plus forte contribution. La deuxième étude de cette thèse vise à déterminer, parmi les facteurs cognitifs évalués en maternelle, celui ou ceux qui permettent de prédire les connaissances orthographiques explicites ultérieures, c'est-à-dire celles de première et de deuxième années du primaire. Les résultats de cette deuxième étude indiquent que les préalables nécessaires à l’acquisition des connaissances orthographiques lexicales sont les capacités de traitement phonologique ainsi que les capacités de la mémoire à court et à long terme. La troisième étude de cette thèse a pour but de mettre en lumière le rôle prédictif que joue le niveau des connaissances orthographiques des enfants de maternelle quant au niveau ultérieur de leurs connaissances orthographiques en première et deuxième années, en lien avec les capacités cognitives qui sous-tendent l’apprentissage du langage écrit, en particulier le traitement phonologique, le traitement visuoattentionnel et la mémoire lexicale orthographique. Les résultats de cette dernière étude permettent de montrer que, parmi les facteurs évalués en maternelle, le niveau des connaissances orthographiques implicites apporte une contribution unique à l’ensemble du niveau des connaissances orthographiques ultérieures. L’influence des connaissances orthographiques précoces sur l’acquisition ultérieure n’est pas surprenante. En effet, la première étude avait montré que le niveau de ces connaissances est fonction non seulement de la capacité de mémoire orthographique lexicale mais également de la capacité de traitement phonologique et visuottentionnel. Les résultats issus de ces trois études présentent un intérêt non négligeable dans la compréhension de l’acquisition du langage écrit. En effet, ces recherches ont permis de montrer qu’avant même l’apprentissage formel de l’écrit, l’enfant témoigne de connaissances implicites non négligeables sur la langue écrite et que c’est à partir de ces connaissances que s’élaboreront ses connaissances explicites ultérieures. Ces connaissances sont tributaires de multiples facteurs parmi lesquels la capacité de mémoire lexicale orthographique, facteur cognitif dont la contribution n’avait pas été démontrée jusqu’à présent. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent qu’il est possible d’envisager des outils de dépistage précoce qui permettront d’identifier les enfants à risque de présenter des difficultés spécifiques d’apprentissage du langage écrit. Ce dépistage permettrait de mettre en place des interventions mieux ciblées et précoces, ce qui réduirait ainsi l’impact des difficultés sur les apprentissages scolaires. / The objective of the present thesis was to study the relation between cognitive factors (phonological treatment, visuo-attentional and lexical orthographic memory) and the acquisition of implicit and explicit orthographic knowledge. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of 338 children from the kindergarten to their second year of primary schooling. At the end of kindergarten, the tasks were an invented spelling test and tests assessing the cognitive factors at issue in the apprenticeship of written speech (phonological treatment, visuo-attentional treatment and short and long term memory). The lexical explicit orthographic knowledge of these same children was evaluated at the end of their first and second year of school. The objective of the first study was to establish a link between the phonological treatment, visuo-attentional and orthographic lexical memory abilities and implicit orthographic knowledge of the children, before their formal apprenticeship of written speech. The results showed that, contrary to what was long been advanced, the phonological treatment is not the only cognitive factor into play since the long term orthographic lexical memory ability as well as the visuo-attentional ability properly and independently contribute to the acquisition of orthographic knowledge. The orthographic lexical memory is the factor which provides the strongest contribution. The aim of the second study was to determine which cognitive factors assessed in kindergarten predict the subsequent explicit orthographic knowledge in first and second grades. The results showed that the necessary conditions to the acquisition of lexical orthographic knowledge are phonological treatment ability, as well as short and long term memory abilities. The goal of third article was to bring to light the predictive role played by the spelling knowledge of kindergarten children to their orthographical knowledge in first and second grades, in connection with the cognitive abilities which are at the root of the apprenticeship of the written spelling, more particularly the phonological treatment, the visuo-attentional treatment and orthographic lexical memory. The regressive analyses showed that, among the factors investigated in kindergarten, the implicit orthographical knowledge brings a unique contribution to the subsequent spelling knowledge evaluated by different orthographic tasks in first and second grades. The important impact of early orthographical knowledge on the subsequent acquisition is not surprising because the first study proved that this knowledge is not only depending on the capability of lexical orthographical memory but also on the capability of phonological treatment. The results coming from those three articles present a non-negligible interest in the understanding of the acquisition of the written speech. Indeed, these studies permitted to prove that, even before the formal apprenticeship of the writing, the child shows a genuine implicit knowledge of the written language. Moreover, and it is from this knowledge that the subsequent explicit knowledge will be built up. This knowledge is dependent upon multiple factors among which are the ability of orthographic lexical memory, a cognitive factor whose contribution was not yet proven. The results of this research showed that it is possible to consider early screening measures in order to identify children susceptible to present specific apprenticeship difficulties in the written language. This screening would allow an early and better targeted intervention, which would then reduce the impact of difficulties on the academic apprenticeships.

Submitted by Luciana Apolonio Rodrigues Carneiro (lucianaapolonio@gmail.com) on 2018-08-09T08:15:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Repositorio_3 versao.pdf: 9197701 bytes, checksum: d438867ad2ea426557fc8b1581d58cf2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-08-09T13:10:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_lar_me_bauru.pdf: 8904809 bytes, checksum: 490adcc3f05587248b3a81e96aa926f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T13:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_lar_me_bauru.pdf: 8904809 bytes, checksum: 490adcc3f05587248b3a81e96aa926f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Esta dissertação foi realizada em nível de mestrado profissional, no Programa de Pós- Graduação Docência para Educação Básica, da Unesp de Bauru/SP. Teve como objetivo geral escrever a história do desenvolvimento da escrita na criança na alfabetização e descrever as características específicas que a escrita sofre ao longo desse processo. Para tanto foram determinados os momentos críticos de transformação da escrita para caracterizar seus estágios e foram discretizados os expedientes que promovem o trânsito de uma forma de escrita para outra. Essa história só pôde ser escrita por meio das análises das produções das crianças registradas em vídeo, seguidas de transcrição dos diálogos ocorridos no momento da produção. Para sua execução, apoiamo-nos no conceito de escrita na perspectiva vigotskiana e na pré- história da escrita articulados aos processos fonéticos/fonológicos, morfológicos, sintáticos, semânticos e discursivos. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa seguiu o delineamento da pesquisa experimental. Para determinar os estágios da formação da escrita rumo à cultural os núcleos de generalização do pensamento por complexo serviram de base. Das escritas produzidas pelas crianças procedeu-se a análise que proporcionou o reconhecimento de traços comuns, os quais, por sua vez, levaram-nos a postular os estágios da escrita, bem como deslindar os expedientes usados pelas crianças para objetivar a escrita cultural. Tais descobertas (estágios da escrita e expedientes) ancoraram a construção de um instrumento para avaliar o desenvolvimento da escrita na criança que registra o movimento de sua formação, norteando o professor para atuar na zona de desenvolvimento iminente. De maneira geral os resultados de análise mostraram que, durante o processo de alfabetização: 1) as crianças usam mais de um sistema de escrita e não apenas o sistema alfabético; 2) os expedientes usados pela criança na pré-história da escrita, como forma, tamanho, cor, quantidade e desenho, para desenvolver signos subjetivos, reaparecem requalificados na história do desenvolvimento da escrita, além de outros expedientes que são incorporados; 3) os fenômenos linguísticos de cada palavra, incluindo a sua estrutura silábica, influenciam o movimento de evolução e involução da escrita na criança. Como resultados da pesquisa foram criados os estágios de formação da escrita cultural, em seu processo de apropriação; foram identificados os expedientes que transformam a escrita de um estágio para outro e foi produzido um instrumento avaliativo da escrita no processo de alfabetização, configurado no gênero textual relatório técnico. Esse instrumento visa a garantir a historicidade dialética da formação da escrita, que é muito maior que a mera classificação das escritas em estágios. / This dissertation was carried out at the professional master's level, in the Teaching Postgraduate Program for Basic Education, at Unesp in Bauru / SP. The general objective was to write the history of the development of the writing in the childhood in the alphabetization and to describe the specific characteristics that the writing undergoes throughout this process. For that, the critical moments of the transformation of writing were determined to characterize its stages and shared expedients that promoted the transit from one form of writing to another. This story could only be written through the analyzes of the productions of children recorded in video, followed by transcription of the dialogues that occurred at the time of production. For its execution, we rely on the concept of writing in the Vigotskian perspective and in the prehistory of writing articulated to the phonetic / phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and discursive processes. The methodological path of the research followed the design of the experimental research. In order to determine the stages of writing formation towards culture, the generalization nuclei of thought by complex were the basis. From the writings produced by the children, the analysis was carried out, which allowed the recognition of common traits, which in turn led us to postulate the stages of writing, as well as to identify the records used by children to objectify cultural writing. Such discoveries (writing stage and expedition) anchored the construction of an instrument to evaluate the development of writing in the child that registers the movement of its formation, guiding the teacher to act in the area of imminent development. In general, the analysis results showed that during the literacy process: 1) children use more than one writing system, not just the alphabetic system; 2) the records used by the child in the prehistory of writing, such as shape, size, color, quantity and drawing, to develop subjective signs, reappear requalified in the history of writing development, in addition to other records that are incorporated; 3) the linguistic phenomena of each word, including its syllabic structure, influence the movement of evolution and involution of writing in the child. As results of the research were created the stages of cultural writing formation, in its process of appropriation; it were identified the records that transform writing from one stage to another and were produced an evaluation instrument of writing in the literacy process, configured in the technical report textual genre. This instrument aims to guarantee the dialectical historicity of writing formation, which is much greater than the mere classification of writing in stages.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silas Cardoso2.pdf: 1303036 bytes, checksum: 6bfbab99f1aee463f9c257e694559274 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research aims the Torah as an aniconic cultic object in the postexilic, revealing its ritualistic face in the Ancient Israel worship. It is proposed that the centralization of Torah in the Second Temple Period will be an ideological and macrostructural construction i.e., an invented tradition of the post-exilic priesthood that aims to unify the nation that rebuild itself. For that analysis, three cuts related to the question are persecuted: (1) the cult materiality in its continuities and ruptures with the pre-exilic Israelite religion, from the material culture and biblical analysis of four central cultic objects presented in the Deuteronomistic History, bamah, massebah, Asherah and Ark; (2) the redactional practices that defend the Torah centralization that inspires in the other cults of Ancient Israel, especially observed in the exegetical analysis of Ps 19, one of the major Torah Psalms of the Hebrew salter; (3) the canonical texts editing that was legitimator retroprojected visions of the posterior and centralized vision of Torah, from the creation of a text materiality typology, from the exegetical analysis of the texts. With that environment we propose a model of four instances of construction of post-exilic aniconism, centralized on Torah and reaching the different layers from judahite religion. / A pesquisa trabalha a Torá como objeto de culto anicônico no pósexílio, apresentando sua face ritualística no culto do Israel Antigo. É proposto que a centralização da Torá no período do Segundo Templo seria uma construção ideológica macroestrutural i.e., uma tradição inventada do grupo sacerdotal pós-exílico em vista de unificar a nação que se reconstruía e reconfigurava. Para tal análise, observam- se três recortes distintos ligados à questão: (1) a materialidade do culto em suas continuidades e rupturas com a religião israelita pré-exílica, a partir da análise da cultura material e da análise da literatura bíblica de quatro objetos cúlticos centrais da OHD, bamah, massebah, Asherá e arca; (2) as práticas redacionais que advogavam a centralização da Torá com inspiração nos demais cultos e concepções do divino no Antigo Israel, especialmente observada na análise exegética do Sl 19, como um dos principais Salmos da Torá que teriam sido produzidos no período para promulgar a nova prática; e (3) a editoração dos diversos textos canônicos que teriam sido retroprojeções legitimadores da visão posterior centralizadora da Torá, através da criação de uma tipologia da materialidade dos textos e da Torá advinda da análise exegética de diversos textos. Com tal panorama, sob pesquisa exegética de orientação histórico-crítica, é proposto um modelo de quatro instâncias de construção do aniconismo pós-exílico, centralizado na Torá e atingindo as diferentes camadas da religião judaíta.

For the past three decades, there has been a rapid growth of African Pentecostal Christianity on America’s Christian religious scene. In general, researchers in Christian mission studies have concluded that the flow of Christian religious currents from Africa and other Third World countries to the West is something of a Christian mission in reverse process. Using agency and invention of tradition as the theoretical leads, this study explores the roles lay immigrants played in the rooting of the Christian Restoration Ministries International (CRMI), a Ghanaian founded charismatic church, in Miami, as a case study of how African Pentecostal churches originate in America. The study also shows how the Christian Restoration Ministries International (CRMI), practices an invented version of Ghanaian Pentecostalism. The study is field-work based. It concludes that the so called reverse mission thrives on the crucial roles of lay African migrant worshipers and their inventiveness.

The aim of this musical anthropology thesis focuses on "medieval music" as practiced by fans of historical fencing in the form of living history on the example of two Czech bands - Subulcus and Medieval Open Band as part of project Prácheňská manství. In my thesis I focus not only on sound and musical instruments, but also on the behavior of actors and their conceptualization of the Middle Ages, according to the concepts of music as culture of Allan Merriam, resp. of music as social life of Thomas Turino. I combine here the basic ideas of ethnomusicology with the ideas of musical memory in connection with the contemporary concepts of social memory and, last but not least, with the concepts of "golden age", nostalgia, staged authenticity and invented traditions. The point of this work is to bring about the origin and form of music that the actors understand as medieval, although not always comes the repertoire from the Middle Ages.

This thesis project is an act of solidarity research with the Berlin based Latin American women’s organization Xochicuicatl. Along the idea that research should be based on the interests and needs of oppressed groups, the research design was developed in cooperation with the organization. The study centers on migration movements between Latin America and the Caribbean and Germany. Moreover, it investigates the dynamics of inner-outer interplay between the organization the beneficiaries and the overall migrant group. The main method isa qualitative content analysis of documents out of the organization’s archive. The organization’s response to transformations is thereby analyzed through action within invited (coping) and invented (resistance) spaces of citizenship. In this regard, the organization’s space is understoodas a subaltern counterpublic which enables a connection between coping and resistance.

La présente recherche vise à décrire le développement orthographique des élèves arabophones de 1re année du secondaire en Égypte au début de l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère. Les recherches égyptiennes qui concernent le français écrit se sont préoccupées des erreurs grammaticales commises par les élèves. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’études relatives à l’appropriation de l’orthographe française menée auprès de ces élèves. Afin de combler ce vide, nous avons souhaité apporter un éclairage sur les compétences orthographiques des élèves en essayant d’éclairer la documentation de ces compétences en français écrit par la mise en relation avec celle de jeunes enfants arabophones qui apprennent le français L2 au préscolaire lors de leur séjour au Québec. Afin d’atteindre nos objectifs, nous avons soumis 30 élèves arabophones du secondaire à une épreuve d’orthographes approchées à quatre reprises. Celle-ci s’est déroulée dans le cadre d’un entretien semi-structuré individuel dans lequel les élèves ont été invités à produire des mots et une phrase. L’analyse descriptive et statistique de la production écrite des sujets a permis d’observer trois types de préoccupations écrites : visuographiques, phonologiques et orthographiques. D’autre part, leurs écrits ont témoigné d’un transfert langagier de l’arabe L1 et de l’anglais LE, qui était parfois positif, d’autres fois négatif. Les résultats ont, enfin, révélé que les élèves ont utilisé trois stratégies, lexicale, phonologique et analogique, lors de leurs productions. En outre, une étude de cas multiples exploratoire avec quatre enfants arabophones du préscolaire au Québec a été effectuée. Ces derniers ont été individuellement invités à produire des mots et une phrase en français et en arabe. De manière exploratoire, nous avons mis en relation l’appropriation de l’écrit des élèves du secondaire et celle des enfants du préscolaire en français et en arabe, ce qui nous a permis de vérifier l’effet de l’âge sur le développement orthographique et sur le transfert langagier chez les apprenants. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la performance écrite des élèves du secondaire était significativement plus réussie que celle des enfants du préscolaire et que les premiers étaient les plus susceptibles de produire un transfert langagier. Ainsi, l’âge de l’apprenant peut avoir un impact sur l’appropriation de l’écrit ainsi que sur le transfert langagier en français langue seconde/étrangère. Finalement, au-delà de son apport scientifique et pratique, la présente recherche propose des pistes de recherches futures. / The aim of this research was to assess French language-spelling development for the first year Arabic language-speaking students of the Secondary Schools in Egypt. These students were studying “French” as a foreign language. Previous studies performed in Egypt addressed the grammatical errors committed by these students in the field of “written French language”. To date, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no available studies addressing the issue of “French language-spelling development”. To fill this gab in literature, we examined the spelling competence of the students. We evaluated the features of the French language - spelling development for the first year Arabic language - speaking students in Secondary schools in Egypt. Also, we examined the relationships between these features and corresponding features in French and Arabic language development for preschool Arabic language-speaking children in Quebec. To achieve our goals, 30 students of the first year Arabic language-speaking students in Secondary schools in Egypt underwent a test of invented spelling, through semi-structured interview. The test was repeated four times on different occasions. During the test, the students were asked (on individual basis) to produce some writings (French language). The results of these tests raised three writing features, namely: visuographic, phonological and orthographic concerns. Moreover, their writings showed a language transfer produced from both Arabic as a mother language and English as a foreign language. Our findings revealed that, during writing, students have employed three strategies: lexical, phonological and orthographic. In addition, a multiple case study exploratory was conducted with four Arabic language-speaking preschool children in Quebec. Each child was asked to produce some writings in French and in Arabic languages. The French language-spelling development of the students the Secondary Schools was made comparable to that of the preschool children in French. Such strategy allowed us to test the effect of age on the spelling development and on language transfer. We found that the written performance of the students from Secondary Schools was significantly more advanced as compared to that of the preschool children. Also the students from Secondary Schools were more able to produce language transfer. These findings indicated that the learner’s age had a significant impact not only on the French language - spelling development but also on the language transfer in second/foreign language. Finally, the scientific and practical ramifications open avenues for further investigations in these fields.

Ao acompanhar a trajetória intelectual de Jamil Almansur Haddad desde suas primeiras publicações até sua morte, esta Tese de doutorado traz à luz o percurso de um literato pertencente à segunda geração de imigrantes libaneses e suas relações paradoxais com o meio intelectual brasileiro e, em especial, o paulistano. Seu percurso biográfico ilustra um desdobramento do movimento literário árabe da imigração, que desempenhou papel central no processo de renascimento da literatura árabe no final do século XIX. Imerso no contexto cultural de um país em busca da conformação de sua verdadeira identidade nacional e vivendo na cidade de São Paulo - que em meados do século XX foi um dos maiores polos de imigração do mundo Jamil, através de sua experiência biográfica e de seu caminho literário, revela nuances de um processo intermediário de hibridação cultural. / This thesis follows the intellectual trajectory of Jamil Almansur Haddad from his first publications to his death, bringing to light the trajectory of a poet that belongs to the second generation of Lebanese immigrants and his paradoxical relations with the Brazilian intellectual environment and, in particular, the paulistano one. His biographical journey illustrates an unfolding of the Arab literary movement of immigration, which played a central role in the process of rebirth of Arab literature in the late nineteenth century. Immersed in the cultural context of a country in search of the conformation of its true national identity and living in the city of São Paulo - which in the mid-twentieth century was one of the largest poles of immigration in the world - Jamil, through his biographical experience and his literary path, reveals nuances of an intermediate process of cultural hybridization.