Just-In-Time (JIT) production systems is a popular area for researchers but real-world issues such as sequence dependent setups are often overlooked. This research investigates an approach for determining stability and an approach for mixed product sequencing in production systems with sequence dependent setups and buffer thresholds which signal replenishment of a given buffer. Production systems in this research operate under JIT pull production principles by producing only when demand exists and idle when no demand exists. In the first approach, an iterative method is presented to determine stability for a multi-product production system that operates with replenishment signals and may have sequence dependent setups. In this method, a network of nodes representing machine states and arcs representing the buffer inventory levels is used to find a stable trajectory for the production system via an iterative procedure. The method determines suitable buffer levels for the production system that ensure that a trajectory originating from any point within a buffer region will always map to a point contained on another buffer region for all future mappings. This iterative method for determining the stability of a production system was implemented using an algorithm to calculate the buffer inventory regions for all arcs in a given arc-node network. The algorithm showed favorable results for two and three product systems in which sequence dependent setups may exist. In the second approach, a product sequencing algorithm determines a product sequence for a production system based on system parameters – setup times, buffer levels, usage rates, production rates, etc. The algorithm selects a product by evaluating the goodness of each product that has reached the replenishment threshold at the current time. The algorithm also incorporates a lookahead function that calculates the goodness for some time interval into the future. The lookahead function considers all branches of the tree of potential sequences to prevent the sequence from travelling down a dead-end branch in which the system will be unable to avoid a depleted buffer. The sequencing algorithm allows the user to weight the five terms of the goodness equations (current and lookahead) to control the behavior of the sequence.

Materialspill omfattar resurser som inte förbrukas till byggnation och förloras. Det finns olika orsaker som påverkar materialspillets uppkomst såsom materialbeställningar i överskott, kommunikationsbrist, projektets storlek, utformning, fellagring, materialtransport och storleken på arbetsplatsytan. Syftet med undersökningen är att minska uppkomsten av materialspill och kostnaderna genom att ta fram ett förslag åt företaget Tuve bygg i Göteborg. För att möjliggöra detta krävs användning av underlag som har samlats med hjälp av litteratur, intervjuer, fallstudien och kalkylunderlag från företaget. Undersökningsresultatet påvisade att gips och mineralull spills mest under produktionsskedet. Detta beror på att mineralull och gips hanteras mest på arbetsplatsen. Förbättringsmöjligheter på företaget avser kommunikationsutveckling, Just in Time leveranser, Lean Construction och APD-plan. För att byggprocessen ska effektiviseras är den mån av nya förslag för hantering av materialspill. Förslagen ska underlätta samspelet mellan företaget, underentreprenörerna och yrkesarbetarna.

This thesis is trying to show the way, how could be used the methodology management by ROI within the lean enterprise and its processes. Basic elements of this methodology are summarized in theoretical part. Furthermore, there is shown its connection to lean enterprise philosophy, which has developed from Toyota production system. There are mentioned several evaluation methods for investment project subsequently. The system of figures used within Valeo výmněníky tepla k. s. for evaluation of business processes is introduced next. This system is analyzed and its shortcomings and advantages are shown. The possibility of using management by ROI methodology as an alternative to current evaluation system used within the company is considered.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how potentials of Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) in relation to Just In Time (JIT) management could be utilized within logistics management. For this, a framework, based on previous research of the interrelations of RTLS and JIT management, is proposed, to assess the effects of RTLS on logistics management, both on a managerial - as well as on an operational level. To answer the proposed research questions, the study followed a deductive and exploratory case study design, which was conducted at a company within the automotive industry. To understand the challenges within logistics management at the case company, interviews, observations, analysis of internal documents and a focus group were used, which allowed for a triangulation of the captured information. The findings and analysis of the data show that on an operational level the challenges within logistics management are related to complex logistic structures, pull strategies with partial push material flows, lack of information and – reliable data, as well as processes reliant on individuals. On the managerial level the findings suggest challenges related to high complexity and space constraints, time constraints, lack of transparency and – data connections, the company's improvement focus, employee attitude and a lack of reliable data. When the challenges were evaluated in relation to the proposed framework, it shows that these challenges would be resolved or counteracted by the benefits RTLS could provide in relation to JIT management. This study thereby supports the positive correlation between RTLS’s potential and JIT in logistics management.

The purpose of this thesis is to enlighten Boetten Bygg ABconcerning Lean Construction and its methods, which can benefittheir work towards reduction of non-valuable activities during theproduction phase. The examination took place at two projects thatBoetten is working with in Sigtuna and Sollentuna. Both projectswere in the same phase. The method used were to visit the projectsand get an overview of how they’re working today. This was done byattending weekly meetings between the leading parties from Boettenas well as the leading persons from each of the contractors, wealso handed out a survey where the participants evaluate theproblems that can occur. The literature study lifts the basic principles of LeanConstruction, where we have chosen to focus on three differentLean methods that may help Boetten to decrease the wastingactivities in their future projects. We adressed the procurementof a project to lift the pros and cons that this contributes. Byusing this theory, we have discussed the subject round thequestion formulation: •Where in the production process is the biggest potential fordecreasing wasting activities? •Which Lean methods would generate the most valuable improvementadjusted to their organization? •How can Boetten go through with a change in the productionprocess? The gathered result shows the three dominating problem areas werewaiting, the arrangement on the construction site and thecommunication between involved parties. Based on the result wediscussed Boettens way of working to narrate, with grounds fromthe literature study, how an improvement may be carried out. Thestudy shows that an implementation of Lean Construction has thepossibility to minimize the wastage. The methods which wereconsidered to make the biggest change concerning wastingactivities were 5S, Just-In-Time and Last Planner. In order forthis to be possible, a strategy decision is required at amanagement level

I denna rapport med titeln Lean production system-Implementering av produktionssystem samt dess hinder utifrån ett organisatoriskt perspektiv, granskas kategorierna organisationsteori och Lean production system inom ramen för rapportens studie av ett fordonstillverkande företag. Specifikt ligger fokus på organisationskulturer, konflikter och motivationsteorier, men även utvecklings- och förbättringsprocesser, olika typer av slöserier som frekvent dyker upp och ledarskap ägnas uppmärksamhet med avseende på att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur en befintlig organisationskultur påverkas vid implementering av Lean production system och hur slöserier kan uppstå.   En av rapportens intentioner är att beskriva och analysera varför organisationer som implementerar och genomför Lean production system och integrerar detta i det egna produktionssystemet, kan uppleva svårigheter och medverka till att organisationer inte uppnår sina fulla potentialer. Föreliggande rapport använder som exempel i denna framställning företaget Volvo Cars i Göteborg som kategoriseras som en Lean hybrid. En Lean hybrid är företag som implementerat Lean production system med sitt egna produktionssystem och följer de principer Lean production system förespråkar. En viktig aspekt som underbygger syftet är att kunna beskriva de konsekvenser som sannolikt blir följden då organisationer inte anpassar strukturerna i sina produktionssystem efter vad Lean production system förespråkar om gällande förbättringsarbeten och arbetet mot att eliminera slöserier. Omvänt innebär detta att om befintliga produktionssystemen följer vissa principer och premisser, ska de verktyg och metoder som Lean production system erbjuder, vara giltiga och effektiva i målet att förbättra och förenkla  Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka varför organisationer med befintliga produktionssystem stöter på hinder och problem med att implementera och genomföra Lean production system i sina organisationer, samt hur stort inflytande organisationskultur och förhållningssätt har i denna process.  Rapportens metodansats utgörs av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder med tyngdpunkt på kvalitativ metod. En litteraturstudie har genomförts via de databaser som högskolan erbjuder. Insamling av data har skett genom observation, intervjuer och simuleringar för att få ett helhetsperspektiv på nuläget i Volvo Cars i Göteborg.   Rapportens resultat visar att en specifik organisationskultur kan medverka till att produktionsnedsättande faktorer som slöserier, tröghet i information och instruktion flödet, subkulturer, konflikter och bristande motivation skapas eller fortsätter att existera, men pekar också på vikten av att en organisationskulturs policy bör gestaltas på alla nivåer i en organisationsstruk- 2 -  tur. Problem och hinder kan således skapas och uppstå när det saknas en gemensam värdegrund för ledarskap, utbildning och kompetensutveckling. En konsekvens av detta är att produktionsnedsättande faktorer tenderar att bäddas in i redan befintliga och standardiserade rutiner, där förbättringsarbeten paradoxalt nog skapar en negativ utveckling av produktionsprocesser och med tiden utvecklas till typ-II slöserier. / In this report entitled Lean production system- Implementation of Lean as well as its obstacles from an organizational perspective, the categories of organization theory and Lean production system are examined in the context of the report's study of a vehicle-making company. Specifically, the focus is on organizational cultures, conflicts and motivational theories, but also development and improvement processes, different types of waste and leadership. Attention is given to creating a deeper understanding of how an existing organizational culture is influenced by implementation of Lean production systems and how wastes can occur.  One of the intentions of the report is to describe and analyze why organizations that implement and carry out Lean production systems and integrate this into their own production system can experience difficulties and help organizations not achieve their full potentials. The present report uses, for example, in this study the company Volvo Cars in Gothenburg, categorized as a Lean hybrid. A Lean hybrid is a company that implemented Lean production system with its own production system and adheres to the principles lean pro duction system advocates. An important aspect that underpins the purpose isto be able to describe the consequences that are likely to be followed when organizations do not adapt the structures in their production systems according to the Lean production system and what it advocates on continuous improvement efforts and efforts to eliminate waste. Conversely, this means that if existing production systems following certain principles and premises, the tools and methods provided by the Lean production system should be valid and effective in the goal of improving and simplifying.  The purpose of the report was to investigate why organizations with existing production systems encounter obstacles and problems in implementing and carrying through Lean production systems in their organizations, as well as the influence of organizational culture and approaches in this process.   The method of assessment of the report consists of qualitative and quantitative methods with a focus on qualitative methodology. A literature study has been conducted through the databases offered by the university. Data collection has been through observation, interviews and simulations to get a full-view perspective at the current moment in Volvo Cars in Gothenburg.  The report's results show that a specific organizational culture can contribute to the creation or continuation of production-reducing factors such as waste, inertia in information & instruction flow, subcultures, conflicts and lack of motivation. However, it also emphasizes the importance of organizational culture policy being embodied at all levels in an organizational structure. Problems and obstacles can thus be created and arise when there is no common value base for leadership, education and competence development. One consequence of this is that production-lowering factors tend to be embedded in existing and standardized practices, where improvement efforts paradoxically create a negative development of production processes and eventually develop into Type II wastes.

Stockholmsregionen växer sig allt större och efterfrågan på bostäder är hög. Järntorget är ett företag vars kärnverksamhet består av bostadsutveckling, speciellt i attraktiva storstadslägen. Att Järntorget väljer att bygga i attraktiva storstadslägen leder till att många av byggprojekten är lokaliserade i områden med redan tät bebyggelse. Den täta bebyggelsen leder till logistiska problem i form av begränsade utrymmen att leverera och lagra material på. Logistik handlar om att få rätt material på rätt plats, i rätt tid och till rätt kostnad. I den här studien studeras projektet Klarbäret. Klarbäret består av 131 studentlägenheter som ska byggas i centrala Stockholm. Detta leder till att utrymmet är begränsat och det kommer att ställas höga krav på logistiken. Syftet med studien var att identifiera en lämplig logistiklösning för att minska kostnaderna, underlätta byggprocessen och öka effektiviteten vid byggprocessen. Studiens resultat pekade på att Järntorget borde anlita en logistikansvarig som kan vara med under hela processen och ansvara för logistiken. Det rekommenderas att logistikansvarig använder sig av det framtagna logistikdokumentet. Ytterligare ett förslag om att Järntorget ska använda sig av ett bokningssystem för sina transporter. Bokningssystemet skulle göra det lättare för alla berörda på arbetsplatsen att se när under dagen leveranser är beräknade till platsen och för att få leveranserna bättre sprida över dagen. Gällande transporter till bygget kommer materialet för bland annat stommen att behöva omlastas för att få in mindre lastbilar till byggarbetsplatsen på grund av den rådande BK2 klassningen i Stockholms innerstad. För att kunna genomföra detta rekommenderas att ta in ett TPL företag för att kunna minska transporterna genom samlastning. Eftersom det inte finns lagringsmöjligheter på byggarbetsplatsen behöver så mycket material som möjligt lyftas in i själva huskroppen när stommen för det våningsplanet är färdigställt. Det rekommenderas även att anlita ett TPL företag som kan bära in inredningsmaterial utanför arbetstid för att minska kostnader och öka effektiviteten. Vissa saker kommer inte att kunna lagras och behöver därför levereras när det ska användas. Bland annat betongelementen. Detta leder till att det utmynnar i en typ av JIT-lösning men då enbart för stommaterialet.

To take advantage of all buildable ground in city and exploit already existing infrastructure for a more efficient society high demands are therefore placed on logistics around large construction projects. Travel center in Västerås will be raised in the same place as existing buildning, while the business will be operational during the construction and the goal with the project work is to identify and present logistic solutions and evaluate, compare and adapt these to new travel center in Västerås. What is being investigated among other things is, ”What is the problem with construction traffic and logistics in large infrastructure projects in urban areas?”. In order to find information and answers of questions a literature study, case study, study visits and interviews are used. Logistics is the strategy that involves planning, development, coordination, organization and control of material flows from supplier. Construction logistics differ considerably from traditional logistics in, for example, the manufacturing industry, since each project is unique. Among other things, consideration must be given to environmental impacts such as noise environmental impact and sustainability, but also transport distances and social aspects. Examples of logistic strategies include supply chain management, lean production, just in time, construction logistic centers, Vendor-controlled inventory. This study focuses primarily on the problems that arise in urban areas and how deliveries of building materials are handled. Work within the railroads track area also entails challenges and special rules. The planning of new construction of the travel center in Västerås is divided into seven different stages at the time of writing, where the railway acts as a barrier between these. The construction project manager for the project has experience from previous projects in the urban area and believes that solutions must be adapted to projects. It is seldom easy to use the same solution in another location without modifying it according to the project's conditions. Building logistics implicates great complexity as many players are involved. The problem around construction traffic and logistics in large infrastructure projects is that is has negativ impact on the enviroment and it disrupts the trafic. Project ”Slussen” in Stockholm used a logistics center and from there used the method Just In Time to the workplace with materials that would be used within three days. A material storage in another location is a better alternative than a material storage on site and a solution for logistics management for the travel center is to use logistics center in the harbour and Mälarhamnar can act as third party logistics partner in the project.

by Ng Kwok-pui. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 63-64. / abstract --- p.ii / table of contents --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / acknowledgments --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- MANUFACTURING RESOURCES PLANNING (MRPII) AND JUST-IN-TIME (JIT) PHILOSOPHY --- p.5 / MRPII vs JIT: Comments from Two Articles --- p.5 / Manufacturing Resources Planning and Control System (MRPII) in XYZ --- p.7 / Inventory Control --- p.7 / Bills of Materials --- p.8 / Master Production Scheduling --- p.8 / Material Requirements Planning --- p.9 / Routing/Work Center --- p.9 / Capacity Requirements Planning --- p.10 / Shop Floor Control --- p.10 / Cost Accounting --- p.11 / Lot Traceability --- p.11 / Sales Order Processing --- p.12 / Purchasing --- p.12 / Materials Receiving --- p.13 / General Ledger (G/L) --- p.13 / Accounts Receivable (A/R) --- p.13 / Accounts Payable --- p.14 / Payroll --- p.14 / Personnel Management --- p.14 / Fixed Assets Management --- p.15 / CAD/Quotation/BOM System --- p.15 / Export Documentation --- p.15 / Problems with MRPII --- p.15 / What is JIT? --- p.18 / Problems with JIT --- p.21 / Integrating JIT with MRPII --- p.23 / Chapter III. --- HOW CAN A HYBRID SYSTEM OF MRP AND JIT BE APPLIED TO XYZ? --- p.29 / XYZ's Performance in MRPII and JIT --- p.29 / Other Problems with the Production Control System --- p.30 / What Hybrid System will Best Suit XYZ? --- p.32 / Integrating MRPII and JIT through Software Unification --- p.34 / Manufacturing Specifications --- p.36 / Materials Planning --- p.38 / Manufacturing Control --- p.39 / Integration of MRP and JIT --- p.40 / Implication of Software Unification to XYZ? --- p.42 / Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSION --- p.45 / APPENDIXES / Appendix 1 --- p.47 / Appendix 2 --- p.53 / Appendix 3 --- p.58 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63

Es t a disserta ção propõe-se a anal lsar os pr incipais aspectos na 91 reção do surgime nto de um ambiente "Just-tn-Time " , bem como discutir a existência de uma abordagem a lternativa que compatibi 1 lze a utl 1 lzação simultânea e coordenada das técnicas Kanban, MRP e MRPI 1, denominada de SIMFiex - Sistema I ntegrado de Man ufatura Flexfvel . Nest e sentido, procura caracteriza r o enfoque tradicional de Administração da Produ ç ã o , denominado de "Just-in-case", Identificar os prin c ipais MRP 1 1 . e aspectos de sua opera c I o na I I z ação, e s p e c I a I mente o MR P e o refletir criticamente quanto a esta postura. I de ntifica, a seguir, conceit os e aspectos principais da ev olução em direção ao "J ust-tn-Time", bem como as principais técnicas qu e o operacionalizam, especialmente o Kanban e a Manufatura Celular. Através da técnica de estudo de caso, d iscute a Implantação do SIMFiex numa empresa, a ZIVI S.A. - Cu t e l aria , pertencente a um grupo empresarial do setor metalúrgico com sede em Porto Alegre- RS. Para Isso, apresenta-se inicia lmente um histórico da empresa e seu envolvimento prévio com Implantações de MRP, MRPI 1 e Kanban, detalhando a evolução do Pla neJamento, Programação e Controle da Pro dução. Por fim, ap r esenta-se os resultados preliminares obtidos com a Introdução do SIMFiex , discutindo-se quanto à oportunidade de utl I lzação desta abordagem alternativa. / This dlssertatlon lntends to analyse the main aspects towards the appearance of a Just-i n-Time envlronment, as wel I as to dlscuss the existence of an alternatlve approacn that can be compatlble wlth the slmultaneous and coordlnate use of techniques as Kanban, MRP and MRPII, called SIMFiex- Sistema Integrado de Manufatura Flexfvel (lntegrated System of Flexlble Manufacturlng). In thls way, lt tries to characterlze the tradltlonat focus of Productlon Management, called Just-ln-case, to ldentlfY the maln aspects and the of lts operation, speclatly the MRP and the MRPII to analyse them In relatlon to thls posltlon. Next, concepts and the maln aspects of evolutlon towards techniques, it ldentlfles Just-ln -Ti me, as well as the maln technlques that make lt operate, speclally Kanban and Cellular Manufacturlng. Through a case study technlque, lt lntends to admlnlstrate the SIMFiex In a flrm, the ZIVI S.A. - Gutlery that belongs to a buslness metallurglc group located In Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this way, it ls presented a hlstory of the flrm and lts prevlous relationshlp with the lmptantation of MRP, MRPI I and Kanban, glvlng detal l s about the evolutlon of the Plannlng and Productton Control. Finnaty, some prellmlnary results from the lntroductlon of the SIMFiex durlng a speclflc period of time are presented, as wel I as an analysls of the vlabl I lty of this alternativa approach.