The aim for this paper is to study how mystics can be seen as religious psychologists. It does so by describing and comparing Thomas Merton (1915–1968) and Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950), two mystics from the western-Christian respectively the eastern-Hindu faith. The essay focuses on the mystics understanding about three notions. These are (1) the self, (2) self-realization and (3) the ultimate reality. It does so through the eyes of another 20th century soul searcher: Carl G Jung. The theory that's used is Jungian psychology and is meant to facilitate a tool for describing the mystics' understanding about the notions. It brings the purpose to explain the mystics teachings about the soul, which is the literate meaning of the word ‘psychology’. As such, a discussion is being made about how the mystics can be seen as religious psychologists, because of their use of religious terms and teachings based on mystical experiences. A closer look at the similarities between Jung and the mystics, as well as the impact their teachings have on human well-being, show how they can in fact be seen as religious psychologists. An argument against it is that mystical experiences cannot be proven with a materialistic worldview based on science. However, I discuss that just as some psychological theories and hypotheses cannot be proven by empirical means but are rather judged on the effect it has, so can mysticism also be seen as a religious psychology.

The thesis constitutes the gender analysis of the Ann Belford Ulanov's work, particularly the qualitative content analysis of publications which are explicitly focused on gender problems. Ulanov as the Jungian psychologist and Protestant theologian deals with the concept of the "feminine mode of being" (feminine principle) which perceives as one of the key elements of human soul, and the manner by which it is possible to be connected with the world and god. Outcomes of the thesis are constructivist, anchored in critical theory paradigm. From this point of view, the chapters of the theoretical part are addressed. These chapters deal with issues linked to the feminist theology and Jungian psychology. The aim of the research part is to analyse concept of the "feminine mode of being" and its implications for the construction of gender concerning the divinity and humanity. Ulanov perceives the "feminine mode of being" within the framework of symbolic approach as the part of the masculine-feminine polarity. While she does not link this principle only to women, she perceives it essentialisticly. For instance, she strongly associates "the feminine" with biological maternity. It is possible to classify many motives and archetypes which Ulanov develops as non- stereotypical and subversive. However, her...

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[pt] O propósito desta pesquisa é qualificar O Livro Vermelho de C. G. Jung como obra de arte. Para isso buscou-se primeiramente quais os conceitos e critérios de validação do livro como tal. Circunscritas as espécies que transitam nessa categoria – livros raros e livros de artista – contemplamos, por meio de um percurso histórico pela história do livro, suas especificidades, pressupostos e aproximações, pois, se por um lado, semelhante aos manuscritos medievais iluminados, tal publicação revigora o livro como obra de arte, por outro lado o processo de criação da obra rompe com o paradigma da feitura do livro através de um processo colaborativo e especializado em vigor desde aquela época, no qual, tradicionalmente, o autor escreve textos, não produz livros. Essa mudança de paradigma vem a ser um dos principais pressupostos da categoria que recoloca na história o livro como obra de arte por meio do campo do livro de artista – em seu sentido lato –, segundo o qual o autor não apenas escreve, mas faz o livro, e estuda-se a si mesmo no processo, então como circunscrevê-lo? Com isso esperamos atingir o objetivo subjacente ao tema central – resgatar o valor cultural e artístico do livro, ressaltando o potencial plástico e criativo que ele oferece. / [en] The purpose of this research is to qualify The Red Book of C.G. Jung as a work of art. For this, we first sought what concepts and validation criteria of the book as such. Circumscribed the species that pass through this category – rare books and artist books – we contemplate, through a historical journey, through the history of the book, its specificities, assumptions and approximations, because, if on the one hand, similar to the illuminated medieval manuscripts, such publication reinvigorates the book as a work of art, on the other hand, the process of creation of the work breaks with the paradigm of book making through a collaborative and specialized process in force since that time, in which, traditionally, the author writes texts, does not produce books. This paradigm shift is one of the main assumptions of the category that relocates in history the book as a work of art through the field of the artist s book – in its broad sense – according to which the author not only writes, but makes the book, and is studied to himself in the process, so how to circumscribe it? With this we hope to achieve the objective underlying the central theme – to rescue the cultural and artistic value of the book, highlighting the plastic and creative potential it offers.

This dissertation proposes that West Indian contemporary male writers develop literary authority, or a voice that represents the nation, via a process of individuation. This process enables the contemporary male writer to unite the disparities of the matriarchal and patriarchal authorial traditions that inform his development of a distinctive creative identity. I outline three stages of authorial individuation that are inspired by Jung’s theory of individuation. The first is the contemporary male writer’s return to his nationalist forebears’ tradition to dissolve his persona, or identification with patriarchal authority; Fred D’Aguiar’s “The Last Essay About Slavery” and Feeding the Ghosts illustrate this stage. The second is his reconciliation of matriarchal (present) and patriarchal (past) traditions of literary authority via his encounter with his forebears’ feminized, raced shadow; Robert Antoni’s Blessed Is the Fruit evidences this process. The third is the contemporary male writer’s renunciation of authority defined by masculinity, which emerges as his incorporation of the anima, or unconscious feminine; Marlon James’s The Book of Night Women exemplifies this final phase of his individuation. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

Within the Caribbean, the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique are unusual: they are French overseas departments and thus also European Union members. As such, they must assimilate to French national culture even though their heterogeneous populations, mainly descendants of exploited imported labour, have their own unique island identity. Their heavy economic dependence on France and the effects of modernization and globalization pose further identitarian challenges for them. Franco-Antillean literature clearly reflects this long-standing identity confusion. This thesis explores two very recent novels— Toxic Island by Guadeloupean Ernest Pépin and L’Empreinte à Crusoé by Martinican Patrick Chamoiseau— and their divergent stylistic treatments of individuation. Both are inspired by Édouard Glissant’s theories of Relation and Tout- Monde; both engage questions of language, orality, the island space, race, the subject of alterity and the role of the arts and artists in identity formation. Yet both are also marked by distinctly unique forms of ambivalence. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irit Grau Kaufmann.pdf: 5411599 bytes, checksum: 519d32c08de607411feb2898e6119403 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The present study aimed to investigate, under the approach of Jungian psychology, the possible motivations, purposes and meanings that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) attach to their self-mutilating behavior. The study included six women, aged between 18 and 46 years, all diagnosed with BPD and self-mutilating behavior history. Data collecting made use of the revised diagnostic interview for borderlines (DIB-R) applied for diagnostic purposes and research participation , a semi-structured interview, the person and family drawing, and a thematic drawing. The collected data were analyzed in light of Jungian analytical and psychosomatic psychology. As a result of the compilation of the accounts given during the interviews, 5 categories and 13 subcategories were identified: difficulties in relationships (family, love and interpersonal), low self-esteem and negative self-image, sexual abuse, high tolerance to physical pain/low pain tolerance to emotional pain, self-mutilating behavior (objects, body sites, forms, triggers, feelings, symbolic representation, ideation and suicide attempts, altered state of consciousness). Results show fragile emotional bonds in family relations, pathological love relationships, dependency and instability in interpersonal relations. The findings indicate that patients have low self-esteem and negative self-image, as well as high tolerance to physical pain with low tolerance to emotional pain. It was also observed that during the self-mutilating behavior, an altered state of consciousness may occur. It can be said that the inability of these patients to symbolize and express their grief at the emotional level leads them to concretizing the pain expression on their bodies, through its transduction into physical pain, by means of self-mutilating behavior. This study concluded that the purpose of such behaviour is the relief of pain and pre-existing emotional distress / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar, sob a abordagem da psicologia junguiana, as possíveis motivações, propósitos e significados que o paciente com transtorno de personalidade borderline (TPB) atribui ao seu comportamento automutilante. Participaram do estudo seis mulheres, entre 18 e 46 anos de idade, todas diagnosticadas com TPB e histórico de comportamento automutilante. Na coleta de dados, foram utilizadas a entrevista diagnóstica revisada para borderlines (DIB-R) aplicada com fins diagnósticos e de participação na pesquisa , a entrevista semiestruturada, o desenho da pessoa e família, e o desenho temático. Os dados coletados foram analisados à luz da psicologia analítica e psicossomática junguiana. Como resultado da compilação dos relatos das entrevistas, foram levantadas 5 categorias e 13 subcategorias: dificuldades nos relacionamentos (familiares, amorosos e interpessoais), baixa autoestima e autoimagem negativa, abuso sexual, alta tolerância à dor física/baixa tolerância à dor emocional, comportamento automutilante (objetos, locais do corpo, formas, fatores desencadeantes, sentimentos, representação simbólica, ideações e tentativas de suicídio, estado alterado de consciência). Os resultados apontaram para vínculos afetivos fragilizados nos relacionamentos familiares, relações amorosas patológicas, dependência e instabilidade nos relacionamentos interpessoais. Os achados indicaram que as pacientes têm baixa autoestima e autoimagem negativa, além de alta tolerância à dor fisica com baixa tolerância à dor emocional. Observou-se ainda que, durante o comportamento automutilante, pode ocorrer um estado alterado de consciência. Pode-se dizer que a incapacidade dessas pacientes em simbolizar e expressar sua dor no plano emocional faz com que elas concretizem a expressão dessa dor no corpo, quando há a transdução da mesma em dor corporal, por meio do comportamento automutilante. Concluiu-se que o objetivo desse ato é o alívio da dor e do sofrimento emocional pré-existente

<p>Meditation, med ett ursprung från yoga, har blivit allt vanligare i friskvården mot fysiska stressymptom exempelvis för att minska muskelspänningar men även som ett verktyg för den egna personliga utvecklingen. Samtidigt som forskningsresultat visar på meditationens betydelse för fysisk kropp och det mentala finns rapporter från forskare som varnar för överdriven tilltro till undersökningar som inte verifierats eller varit undermåliga. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att studera meditation utifrån jungianskt och klassisk yogafilosofiskt perspektiv. Med detta som bakgrund har en intervjuundersökning gjorts för att få meditationsutövares svar på frågor om varför de börjat meditera, vilken effekt på den fysiska och mentala kroppen man upplever i samband med meditation och hur man vill beskriva meditationens betydelse för sin personliga utveckling. Metoden som använts är inspirerad av fenomenografi. Resultaten tyder på att de intervjuade från början fokuserat på meditationens betydelse för att minska stress, spänningar med mera, men efterhand även blivit intresserade av meditation för sin personliga utveckling. De intervjuade beskriver meditationen som ett led i att lära sig förstå dynamiken mellan det medvetna och det omedvetna och få förståelse för sin egen utveckling. Studien visar på betydelsen av god kvalitet på forskningen för att kunna påvisa effekten av meditation och dess möjligheter.</p>

<p>Den här uppsatsen är en studie i synkroniciteten och individuationsprocessen med utgångspunkt från C. G. Jungs definitioner.</p><p>Begreppet synkronicitet introducerades av C. G. Jung år 1951. Denna princip förenar händelser på ett akausalt sätt. Synkronicitet är enligt C. G. Jung ett sammanträffande av ett inre subjektivt tillstånd som sammanfaller med ett yttre skeende som står i direkt beröring med det inre tillståndet. De synkronistiska händelserna gör att vi måste se världen som ett enat fält vari ens egna upplevelser och handlingar i grunden hänger samman med andras erfarenheter och ageranden. Meningen är unik och specifik för just den eller de personer som är inblandade. Den är på det psykiska och emotionella planet.</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det finns en ökning eller minskning av synkronicitet beroende på var vi står i individuationsprocessen, om man kan påverka synkronicitets tillfällena och om vissa har mera eller mindre av dessa sammanträffanden. I uppsatsen redogör jag även för skillnaden mellan projektion och synkronisering.</p>

This essay uses interviews to gather information regarding the experience and belief which exists in regards to possession within the Anglican faith. It also uses Jungian psychology to analyse these experiences and beliefs; this is interesting because even in the modern day of science, possession continues to be a phenomenon. It still occurs closer to home than we may think; a modern western country such as England, where Anglicanism is the state religion, have special ministries assigned to deal with this in every diocese. The information was gathered through interviews and literature, to give both a qualitative and a quantitative perspective. This essay presents a possible psychological explanation for the cases of possession as experienced within the Anglican faith, which provides an alternative to the distress these individuals are experiencing rather than assuming it necessarily is of a spiritual nature. It does not, however, seek to prove or disprove the possibility of a spiritual cause behind this phenomenon.