Women today feel that their urban surroundings are unsafe, and because of that they use different strategies to reduce the risk of being exposed to criminal acts towards them. The focus of this study is to develop an understanding of the insecure feeling that women feel and what that feeling might originate from. By using previous research and theories we have been able to incorporate a gender perspective on the study this because the gender role is central to understand women’s feelings of insecurity. The purpose of the study was to develop a deeper understanding of women’s sense of safety and insecurity.The central questions of the study are1. How do women describe their insecurity, and what kind of impact does it have on their everyday life?2. How do women relate to and handle their witness of fear and insecurity in their everyday life?To gather answers for these questions we interviewed six women between the ages of 20-30 who all live in Örebro. The women’s responses show that they have a greater sense of insecurity than men, that the feeling of insecurity is always present and the fear cannot be connected to a certain object. Instead the women see many different factors as frightening, and they position themselves as victims in a town, created by and for men. Thus the women use different strategies to reduce the risk of being exposed to crime. The conclusion is that the town is influenced by gender, and that everyday life looks different for women and men. The social construction of gender creates different positions for women and men in society; this is a result of people’s views on other people and their society, an expectation of how things should be and how they are. Keywords: safety, insecurity, fear, gender, city, Örebro

I denna kvalitativa uppsats undersöks anställda inom krogbranschens upplevelser av att arbeta i en sexualiserad miljö och vad det får för betydelse. Uppsatsen söker också svar på hur krogen som sexualiserad arbetsplats framställs och vilken betydelse den har, hur de anställda inom krogbranschen förhåller sig till den organisationskultur och de känsloregler som dominerar där samt hur kön skapas, upprätthålls och utmanas på krogen som sexualiserad arbetsplats. Tidigare forskning i form av krogbranschen som yrke och som sexuell mötesplats kommer att presenteras. Likaså sexuella handlingar och sexuella trakasserier, och att gynnas, eller inte gynnas av en sexualiserad miljö. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes totalt och materialet från intervjuerna utgör den empiri som används i uppsatsen. Det teoretiska ramverket i uppsatsen utgår ifrån organisationskultur, emotionellt arbete, social identitet och görande av kön. Uppsatsens har tre huvudsakliga resultat där det första är att branschen är motsägelsefull organisatoriskt, vilket innebär att branschen är kvinnodominerad och emotionellt arbete och ansvar är en viktig del. Samtidigt har branschen en typiskt mansdominerad hierarkisk organisation. Uppsatsens andra resultat är att branschens sociala identitet är väldigt stark vilket gör att det är viktigt för de anställda att anpassa sig efter de andra, samtidigt som man inte ska tappa sig själv. Det tredje resultatet är att i krogbranschen finns könade förväntningar som man ska leva upp till men i praktiken fungerar det inte eftersom det finns skiljaktigheter i förväntningar och faktiska handlingar.

The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary? This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men? The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment.

Jämställdhet är någonting som diskuteras flitigt i politiska debatter. Det blir bättre och bättre världen över men kvinnor ses fortfarande inte ha lika mycket inflytande över beslutsfattande processer som män. Maktpositionerna domineras än idag av män och Sverige är ett av de länder som ännu inte har haft en kvinnlig statsminister. Den här studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer utförda med kvinnor i Sveriges riksdag. Studien identifierar vilka upplevelser kvinnor i Sveriges riksdag har gällande förväntningar på kvinnor, bemötande mot kvinnor samt deras möjligheter till höga positioner i politiken. Den ser också över hur de själva upplever sin maktposition samt hur makten är könad. Studien undersöks med de Globala Målen, närmare bestämt delmål 5.5, som grund. Tidigare forskning visar hur kvinnor har det betydligt svårare än män gällande att både ta sig in och stanna kvar i politiken samt uppnå ledarskapsroller. Ett intersektionellt perspektiv är i stort sett frånvarande i den tidigare forskningen, därför har den här studien ett fokus på det. Genom en analys utifrån de teoretiska utgångspunkterna homo- och heterosocialitet, glastak, intersektionalitet, ojämlikhetssystemet samt genussystemet identifieras problematik kring det motstånd kvinnor inom politiken möter samt den rådande könsmaktsordningen. Resultatet visar bland annat att kvinnor i riksdagen i stort begränsas inom politiken men att de trots detta ändå är de mäktigaste kvinnorna i Sverige. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för olika maktförhållanden inom svensk politik samt ger en insyn i hur det egentligen kommer sig att Sverige ännu inte har haft en kvinnlig statsminister. / Gender equality is something that is frequently discussed in political debates. It’s getting better all over the world, but women are still not seen to have as much influence over decision-making processes as men. The positions of power are still dominated by men and Sweden is one of the countries that has not yet had a female prime minister. This study is based on a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews conducted with women in the Swedish Parliament. The study identifies what experiences women in the Swedish Parliament have regarding expectations of women, treatment towards women and their opportunities to reach high positions in politics. It also focuses on how the women themselves perceive their position of power as well as how the power is gendered. The study is examined with The Sustainable Development Goals, more specifically sub-goal 5.5, as the basis. Previous research shows how women have a much harder time than men in terms of both entering and stay in politics and achieving leadership roles. An intersectional perspective is to a high degree absent in previous research, so this study has a specific focus on it. An analysis based on the theoretical principles of homo- and heterosociality, glass ceiling, intersectionality, the inequality system and the gender system identifies problems regarding the resistance women in politics encounter and the prevailing gender power system. The results show, among other things, that women in the Swedish Parliament are largely limited in politics, but that they are nevertheless the most powerful women in Sweden. The study contributes to an increased understanding of different power relations in Swedish politics and gives an insight into why Sweden has not yet had a female prime minister.