With an increasing demand for customized products with short delivery times, high quality, and competitive prices, manufacturing firms have to be flexible, agile, effective, and productive. In Industry 4.0, the focus were on technologies as a response to the shifted business environment. Nowadays, the integration of humans with Industry 4.0 technologies has gained interest, also known as Industry 5.0. With an increasing focus on humans, Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge Transfer (KT) become essential for organizations to stay at the forefront and sustain competitive advantage. Consequently, this research investigates how a manufacturing company could improve its KT to operators, especially through the use of the technology Augmented Reality (AR). This study is an exploratory case study with an inductive research approach. From a scientific perspective, this research has used an interpretivist approach. The research consisted of several phases where data from interviews, internal documents, and observations were collected and compared with previous research on the subject. Through several data sources, triangulation of data was possible andthe research questions were answered. The approach of the thesis was to, firstly, analyze current KT methods within a manufacturing setting, secondly, to analyze the required knowledge, and, thirdly, to analyze the fit of AR within KT. It was found that KT through face-to-face communication was commonly used and could create a dependability on human interaction. It was also found that documents were used as a KT method and that a discrepancy in usage could occur. Moreover, it was found that the required knowledge by operators was related to operational, problem-solving, and innovative capabilities. With regard to this, it was found that AR primarily could aid explicit KT and enhance operational capabilities. It was also found that it could aid within additional areas as well, such as being a tool for problem-solving and interdivisional KT. The thesis contributes towards academics by connecting AR for operator support to the concepts of KT and KM. The thesis also contributes towards practice by giving recommendations on the usage of AR within a manufacturing context and contributes towards the discussion of aiding peers in their workplace development. / Med en ökad efterfrågan på skräddarsydda produkter med korta livscyklar, hög kvalitet, och konkurrenskraftiga priser måste produktionssystem bli mer flexibla, agila, effektiva och produktiva. Iindustri 4.0 var fokuset att med hjälp av teknologier nå ett skifte i dessa, men med ett ökat fokus på att integrera människan kom industri 5.0. Med ett ökat fokus på människan blir kunskapshantering och kunskapshantering en viktig del för organisationer att ligga i framkant och upprätthålla konkurrenskraftighet. Därav undersöker det här arbetet hur en bearbetande produktion kan förbättra dess kunskapsöverföring till maskinoperatörer, speciellt genom användandet av teknologin Augmented Reality (AR). Denna studien är en utforskande fallstudie med en induktiv ansats och från ett metodologiskt perspektiv har studien haft en interpretivistisk ansats. Forskningen bestod av flera faser där data från intervjuer, interna dokument och observationer samlades och jämfördes med tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Genom flera datakällor var triangulering av data möjligt och forskningsfrågorna kunde besvaras. Arbetet började med att analysera dagens metodik inom kunskapsöverföring för att sedan kolla på vilken kunskap som krävs av operatörer. Sedan undersöktes hur AR kan användas inom kunskapsöverföring. Resultatet och analysen visade att face-to-face var en vanligt förekommande metod som orsakar ett beroende på människorna involverade i processen. Det visade sig även att användandet av dokument var vanligt förekommande för att överföra kunskap och att en diskrepans kan förekomma. Kopplat till kunskapen hos operatörer visade det sig att operatörer behöver kunskaper som är operativa och kunskaper relaterat till problemlösning och innovation. Sedan undersöktes AR där det visades att AR bidrar mestadels inom explicit kunskapsöverföring och bidrar till operationella kunskaper. Det visade sig även att AR bidrar inom interdivisionell kunskapsöverföring och användas som ett verktyg vid problemlösning. Arbetet bidrar inom både praktiken och till litteratur. Till litteratur bidrar arbetet genom att föra samman AR som hjälpmedel för operatörer med kunskapsöverföring och kunskapshantering. Arbetet bidrar även till praktiken genom att ge rekommendationer för användandet av AR och till kunskapsöverföring till anställda för att främja en utveckling på arbetsplatsen.

The key to an organization's long-term success is a sustainable competitive advantage. In a global market characterized by fierce competition, organizations differentiate themselves no longer through their competitive position or technological or human resources but through knowledge. Such a decisive economic resource needs to be managed, giving rise to the theory of Knowledge Management (KM). Because knowledge is created and shared through social interactions, knowledge transfer is the most critical part of KM. Especially in tourist destinations, the diversity of stakeholders, each with unique skills and knowledge, represents great opportunities for innovation and the sustainable development of destinations but also great challenges. Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) are responsible to maintain the attractiveness of a destination by encouraging competing and complementary organizations to collaborate to exchange knowledge. Ultimately, the tourist experience and image of a destination are created interdependently by the tourism stakeholders. By conducting a case study in the destination of Kalmar, this paper aimed to explain to what extent a DMO manages inter-organizational knowledge transfer within a tourist destination. An explanatory sequence was used to gather primary data in three steps. First, a survey was conducted with local tourism stakeholders. Then, the local DMO and the university were interviewed. The data collected from 32 local tourism stakeholders suggest that tourism stakeholders, primarily SMEs, are lacking the resources to engage in knowledge transfer and overlook the value of external sources of knowledge. The findings of the interviews point to that there is a need to support tourism stakeholders with digitalization, to encourage tourism stakeholders to join a destination network and to close the knowledge gap through research produced by universities. This study contributes to gaining a broader understanding of the opportunities and challenges of inter-organizational knowledge transfer within the destination of Kalmar.

This research report captures a detailed exposition of an investigation on Knowledge Management (KM) practices in public and private sector entities in three industries (health, education and business loans) of Limpopo province – a proxy of the rural areas of South Africa. The investigation was necessitated by a need to understand KM in organisational context experiencing constraints in terms of resources that enable KM. It was found through an intensive literature review that there were very few empirical studies on KM practices of organisations operating in the rural areas, particularly in Africa. The theoretical framework of the study emanates from the knowledge-based view which has been popularised by the seminal work of Peter Drucker and Nonaka in the early half of the 90s. The knowledge-based view as presented in chapter 2 recognises the strategic role of knowledge in organisations. Its genesis is traced from the theories of classical scholars such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Various empirical studies of entities which have adopted the knowledge-based view are presented in chapter 2 of this report. The researcher observes from an intensive KM literature study that the average modern organisation could be categorised as knowledge-intensive considering that knowledge workers constitute the majority of its workforce. The definitions of a knowledge-based organisation and knowledge workers are presented in the operational definitions of key concepts. Arising from the identified gaps in KM literature as presented towards the end of chapter 2, this study was conducted as a comparative study between public and private sector entities in three research industries focusing on their extent of ICT application and degree of knowledge-oriented social factors for information and knowledge sharing. The investigation was guided by three research objectives as discussed in chapter 1 of this research report. The main purpose of the study was to answer two fundamental research questions as reflected in chapter 1. In answering the two research questions, the researcher identified four research hypotheses in line with the findings established from KM literature. These hypotheses are discussed in chapter 2 of this report.The underlying hypothesised statement guiding the study was to determine whether there were any significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the three research industries in terms of four research constructs. These are: application of ICTs for knowledge and information sharing, degree of achievement of knowledge-based outcomes, tacit knowledge acquisition and the degree of knowledge-oriented social factors. Organisational culture, organisational structures, human resource practices and leadership comprised the social factors tested in the study. The research data were collected through a mixed research design approach combining the advantages of a survey instrument and interviews (this is fully reflected in chapter 3 of this research report). The research results (as presented in chapter 4) pointed to some form of significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the education and business loans industry, but there were no significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the health industry. Arising from the findings of the study, a model for improved KM implementation is presented in chapter 4 (figure 4.16). It was found during the investigation that all the research entities approached KM implicitly through KM related practices. KM related practices were found to be far more entrenched in the health industry (both public and private sector entities), the private sector entities in the education and business loans industries than was the case with the public sector entities in the education and business loans industries. In the entities where KM related practices were found to be entrenched, there were concerted efforts towards improved organisational processes. The study has managed to unravel the importance of KM related practices in laying the foundation for a formalised KM approach. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

The emergence of Web 2.0 tools has transformed the operation of Knowledge Management (KM) practices in the academic libraries. This study has investigated the application of Web 2.0 tools to enhance KM practices in academic libraries in Tanzania. Eight out of twelve academic libraries located in public universities in Tanzania were purposively selected in this study. The study included two categories of respondents: ordinary library staff and senior library staff (directors, heads of libraries, library managers, and Information and Technology (IT) specialists in the library etc). The findings of the study were determined after applying methodological triangulation within quantitative and qualitative research contexts. This included the use of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observations. In the first instance, questionnaires were used to collect data from 278 library staff selected using systematic sampling technique. Interviewing targeted 69 senior library staff was done using purposive sampling technique. In total, 254 (91.4%) ordinary library staff completed the questionnaire; while 57 (82.6%) senior librarians were interviewed. The study findings have indicated the low level of KM application in academic libraries. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science (MUHAS) Library showed the strongest application of KM practices, followed by State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) Library. Lack of KM enablers in academic libraries was indicated as one of the significant challenges that hinder the application of KM practices in academic libraries. It was noted that most of the academic libraries visited had websites. On the other hand, the majority of respondents acknowledged that they had personal accounts of the various Web 2.0 tools. The study findings imply that most library staff had some level of experience with a variety of Web 2.0 tools. It was further established that despite the high level of familiarity and use of Web 2.0 tools, respondents were not frequent users of their library websites. The study findings have also indicated a low level of access and use of Web 2.0 tools within academic libraries. Mzumbe University (MU) and SUZA Libraries were the main users of Web 2.0 tools; followed by University of Dar-es-Salaam (UDSM) Library. Knowledge Management System (KMS) Success Model was employed to investigate factors that affect the application of Web 2.0 tools to enhance KM practices. The study findings have demonstrated that the KMS Success Model is suitable for guiding the understanding of the contributing factors with respect to library staff‟s intention to reuse Web 2.0 tools. The study findings supported the KMS Success Model well, whereby seven of the twelve hypothesised relationships were found to be significant. The study recommends that academic libraries in Tanzania should promote and integrate KM practices in their daily operations as well as the use of KM enablers such as; reliable budget, Web 2.0 tools, reliable power supply, internet connectivity availability and adequate ICTs infrastructure. / Information Science / D. Litt. et. Phil. (Information Science)

This research report captures a detailed exposition of an investigation on Knowledge Management (KM) practices in public and private sector entities in three industries (health, education and business loans) of Limpopo province – a proxy of the rural areas of South Africa. The investigation was necessitated by a need to understand KM in organisational context experiencing constraints in terms of resources that enable KM. It was found through an intensive literature review that there were very few empirical studies on KM practices of organisations operating in the rural areas, particularly in Africa. The theoretical framework of the study emanates from the knowledge-based view which has been popularised by the seminal work of Peter Drucker and Nonaka in the early half of the 90s. The knowledge-based view as presented in chapter 2 recognises the strategic role of knowledge in organisations. Its genesis is traced from the theories of classical scholars such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Various empirical studies of entities which have adopted the knowledge-based view are presented in chapter 2 of this report. The researcher observes from an intensive KM literature study that the average modern organisation could be categorised as knowledge-intensive considering that knowledge workers constitute the majority of its workforce. The definitions of a knowledge-based organisation and knowledge workers are presented in the operational definitions of key concepts. Arising from the identified gaps in KM literature as presented towards the end of chapter 2, this study was conducted as a comparative study between public and private sector entities in three research industries focusing on their extent of ICT application and degree of knowledge-oriented social factors for information and knowledge sharing. The investigation was guided by three research objectives as discussed in chapter 1 of this research report. The main purpose of the study was to answer two fundamental research questions as reflected in chapter 1. In answering the two research questions, the researcher identified four research hypotheses in line with the findings established from KM literature. These hypotheses are discussed in chapter 2 of this report.The underlying hypothesised statement guiding the study was to determine whether there were any significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the three research industries in terms of four research constructs. These are: application of ICTs for knowledge and information sharing, degree of achievement of knowledge-based outcomes, tacit knowledge acquisition and the degree of knowledge-oriented social factors. Organisational culture, organisational structures, human resource practices and leadership comprised the social factors tested in the study. The research data were collected through a mixed research design approach combining the advantages of a survey instrument and interviews (this is fully reflected in chapter 3 of this research report). The research results (as presented in chapter 4) pointed to some form of significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the education and business loans industry, but there were no significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the health industry. Arising from the findings of the study, a model for improved KM implementation is presented in chapter 4 (figure 4.16). It was found during the investigation that all the research entities approached KM implicitly through KM related practices. KM related practices were found to be far more entrenched in the health industry (both public and private sector entities), the private sector entities in the education and business loans industries than was the case with the public sector entities in the education and business loans industries. In the entities where KM related practices were found to be entrenched, there were concerted efforts towards improved organisational processes. The study has managed to unravel the importance of KM related practices in laying the foundation for a formalised KM approach. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

Submitted by RAPHAEL MENDES (mendes.rbm@gmail.com) on 2013-11-19T17:13:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-01-14T12:54:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-01-23T17:44:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-23T17:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-02 / Knowledge management represents a new responsibility for the public administration to let it grow its services effectiveness and better the society that it serves, in that helps organizations dealing new challenges, deploy innovating practices of management and enhance the quality os process, products and public services. Whereas the knowledge management’s process embraces five steps represented by identifying, creating, storing, sharing and utilizating the organizational knowledge, a first mapping of the KM practices already existing at the National Criminalistics Institute is very important. As a new practice in brazilian public organizations, many evaluation methods were found in the scientific literature. Therefore, the IPEA method was chosen, as the National Criminalistics Institute has not already started an institutional initiative to implement KM practices. By the way, the survey results revealed that the National Criminalistics Institute is in an early stage of KM development, when the organization recognizes the significance and the requirement of managing the knowledge originated in the circunstances os its activities. Furthermore, specific actions related to codifying organizational informations and knowledges were found scattered. / Gerir o conhecimento representa uma nova responsabilidade da administração pública para que ela possa aumentar a efetividade dos serviços prestados e melhorar a sociedade a qual serve, na medida em que auxilia as organizações a enfrentar novos desafios, implantar práticas inovadoras de gestão e melhorar a qualidade dos processos, produtos e serviços públicos. Considerando que o processo de gestão do conhecimento compreende cinco etapas representadas por identificar, criar, armazenar, compartilhar e utilizar o conhecimento organizacional, o mapeamento inicial das práticas de GC já existentes na criminalística federal reveste-se de fundamental importância. Como se referem a práticas relativamente novas no contexto das organizações – notadamente nas públicas – diversos métodos de avaliação de implementação de práticas de GC foram identificados. Nesse contexto, uma vez que a perícia criminal federal apresenta-se como uma organização que pretende implementar práticas relacionadas à GC, não havendo, porém, até o momento, qualquer iniciativa institucionalizada nesse sentido, a escolha da metodologia recaiu sobre o modelo proposto pelo IPEA. Quanto à pesquisa, tendo em mente o problema e os objetivos propostos, optou-se por uma investigação descritiva, explicativa e aplicada, onde se buscou construir um amplo referencial teórico com descrição detalhada dos aspectos abordados no decorrer do estudo. Os trabalhos envolveram, ainda, pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a criminalística federal encontra-se em fase de iniciação em gestão do conhecimento, situação em que começa a reconhecer a importância e a necessidade de gerenciar o conhecimento originado no contexto de suas atividades e que está inserido na organização por meio de seus integrantes. Verificou-se, ainda, no decorrer da pesquisa, ações pontuais dispersas na perícia criminal federal voltadas à sistematizar as informações e conhecimentos insertos na instituição.

This thesis deals with proposal detached three-storey office building, which consists of the brick section and monolithic reinforced concrete frame. The building is covered with a flat roof. The design focus is on the overall consistency between spatial, structural, static, fire safety, acoustic and thermal technical requirements. Documentation is prepared for the building construction. The graphical part of documentation has been processed in the AUTOCAD software.

KM II. An analysis of Malmö Art Museum’s satellite space as extra-institutional practice maps the activities of the hitherto unexplored satellite exhibition space KM II, including the 14 exhibitions that were shown in KM II’s two spaces in Malmö’s harbor and in the suburb Rosengård. The essay contributes new perspectives on extra-institutional exhibition practices by analyzing KM II as an actor on the then much discussed art scene of Malmö, during the years 1992 to 1994. The essay also describes trans-local artistic connections over the Baltic Sea, pri- marily between Malmö and Hamburg. I describe the extra-institutional practice of KM II through the model “The Public as Alternative” (Det offentliga som alternativ). The practice created favorable conditions for extensive and often paid artistic work in an unconventional exhibition space, which also made KM II meet the strained situation on the local art scene, partly caused by the financial crisis of 1992. Last, the essay examines the complex relationship between the exhibitions, the institution, the place, and the audience, that made the extra-institutional status of KM II dissolve at Rosengård, during a time that can be described as a transitional phase in museum education.

L’intensità del trasporto alimentare è un trend destinato ad aumentare nella sua complessità. La ricerca attesta come sia rilevante analizzare “come il cibo viaggia”, forse più di “quanto il cibo viaggia”, nel mercato globalizzato dei prodotti agroalimentari, nelle realtà urbane che modificano le abitudini di consumo e nel “global food system” composto da cinque tipologie di sistemi agroalimentari. Gli impatti in sostenibilità sono strettamente dipendenti dall’efficienza del trasporto e della logistica, di merci agroalimentari e di persone che si spostano per l’approvvigionamento, dal campo al consumatore e viceversa. Eppure il concetto di food miles si è ampiamente diffuso tra gruppi di consumatori, attestando mutamenti culturali significativi. Si pensi all’idea tutta italiana di “km-zero”. “Può il trasporto del cibo essere economicamente, socialmente e culturalmente sostenibile, per conservare l'ecosistema?” Questa domanda, approfondita pedagogicamente, può essere riformulata: “How can consumers, economical stakeholders and policy makers become environmentally friendly about transportation of food?” Il quesito conduce all’interrogativo di quale formazione e ricerca interdisciplinare progettare per orientare gli sforzi verso questo fine. Una nuova formulazione concettuale potrebbe promuovere azioni sostenibili per la mobilità e i trasporti sulle lunghe, medie e corte distanze, per la filiera lunga e corta: il “Kmetro verde”. / The transportation of agro-alimentary products is constantly evolving. The research has been focusing on long distances, tied with the global market. But results in a lack of investigations in medium and short distances which also possess some efficiency gain. The investigation of these shorter mode of transport is paramount as they have significant impact on the triptych of sustainability. In this context, the concepts of "food miles" and of "km-zero" have spread widely among the consumers, attesting the community awareness regarding sustainability issues. However, as environmental concerns arise, such concept has showed it's limit. Therefore the question, "Can transportation of food become economically, socially and culturally sustainable, to preserve the ecosystem?", that lead to this concept, needs to be reassessed. Starting from a pedagogical standpoint, this question can be rephrased as “How can consumers, economical stakeholders and policy makers become environmentally friendly about transportation of food, to preserve the ecosystem?”. For a successful undertaking of such problematic, it is paramount to evaluate the need of novel training practises as well as the design of interdisciplinary research. A new formulation of such concept, embodied in "kmeter green", would aim to promote sustainable mobility on all the distances and chains' lengths.

企管大師Michael Porter一再強調「差異化」是企業之所以能勝出的主要關鍵，Peter Drucker更宣稱：「知識」將是未來企業唯一，且能夠生產社會與經濟利益的最重要資財。 知識管理可以將知識儲存在組織之內，降低企業的成本，並增加獲利，進而提高企業的競爭力優勢。媒體也是企業的一種經營形態，因此，如何透過知識管理將平面媒體內、外的智慧資本彙整並儲存在組織中，以利組織成員分享與運用，繼而產生獨特的差異性與競爭優勢，已經是媒體越來越關心的重要課題。 但是，知識管理的架構會隨著產業特性與企業需求而有差異。因此，想要幫助平面媒體利用知識管理，來面對未來更激烈的競爭環境，就必須有不同於產業或知識特質的架構與建議。 民國77年的報禁解除，使得國內平面媒體面臨高度競爭的壓力；而科技的日新月益、閱聽人的閱讀習慣與需求的改變，也迫使媒體朝向提供更多元及多樣化的新聞內容服務。 因此，本研究希望透過綜合的分析與探討，找出平面媒體所面臨的問題與困境，試著利用資訊科技的幫助，提出適合平面媒體參考的知識管理整合性系統架構、步驟、作法與建議，以便提升其企業競爭力。 綜合有關知識管理的理論架構，再配合平面媒體產業的特性，本研究試著為傳統平面媒體，規劃出兩種未來可能獲利的經營模式―「新聞來源供應商」與「綜合新聞供應商」，同時為其擬出可行的知識管理架構，以及分4個階段―「認知覺醒與發展策略」、「經營模式與知識確認」、「設計、規劃與導入」，以及「評估與調整」階段，與3大層面―「策略」、「知識」與「科技」的建議。 / Michael Porter, Professor at Harvard Business School and one of the top 50 business intellectuals of our time, claims that “differentiation” is the key to stand out in a highly competitive environment. Peter Drucker, professor of management and the founder of California-based Leader to Leader Foundation, suggests that “knowledge” is the only asset the future businesses could depend on in generating social and economic benefits. Knowledge management is the one way to preserve the knowledge generated in the process of management for an enterprise. It decreases management cost and generates revenue at the same time. Therefore, knowledge management is also a way to enhance competitive edge. Mass media, like other management entities, could also apply principles of knowledge management to enhance their competitive edge. How to integrate the intellectual capital through mechanisms of knowledge management, how to share the knowledge stored in the mechanism in more efficient ways, and, how could the media differentiate themselves from their competitators to enhance competitive edge, have become critical issue not only for management, but also for survival. However, the mechanism or infrastructure of knowledge management is varied for different industries due to the nature of different management requirements. What can be applied in a software company may not be suitable at all for mass media. Two significant changes accelerate and reinforce the innovation of the Press: the law that limits the numbers of content providers and the law that limits the amount of contents were both banned. In the mean time, the overall reading habit change enabled by the innovation of digital technology also facilitates the renovation of Press. News providers are now facing challenges in providing diversified contents for readers of different habits and tastes. This research aims at proposing appropriate knowledge management infrastructures by synthesizing the dilemma as well as opportunities media confront in a digital era. Classical literature regarding knowledge management infrastructure and media studies, especially the properties of the Press, help me frame and identify two profitable knowledge management infrastructures: News Supplier and News Content Provider. More than providing the possible infrastructures, I also concluded four phases to implement the infrastructure and three perspectives as lenses to examine the infrastructures. The four phrases are (1) awareness and strategic development; (2) management model and knowledge assurance; (3) design, plan and implementation and (4) evaluation and adjustment. The three perspectives are (1) strategy, (2) knowledge and (3) technology.