Магистерская диссертация посвящена проблеме удержания внимания в виртуальном образовательном пространстве. Автором рассматривается конкретный проект - онлайн-курс "Основы дизайна", размещённый на платформе Открытого Образования. / Master's thesis is devoted to the problem of keeping attention in the virtual educational space. The author is considering a specific project - the online course "Basics of Design" on the Open Education platform.

Many satellites have an orbit of reference defined according to their mission. The satellites need therefore to navigate as close as possible to their reference orbit. However, due to external forces, the trajectory of a satellite is disturbed and actions need to be taken. For now, the trajectories of the satellites are monitored by the operations of satellites department which gives appropriate instructions of navigation to the satellites. These steps require a certain amount of time and involvement which could be used for other purposes. A solution could be to make the satellites autonomous. The satellites would take their own decisions depending on their trajectory. The navigation control would be therefore much more efficient, precise and quicker. Besides, the autonomous orbit control could be coupled with an avoidance collision risk management. The satellites would decide themselves if an avoidance maneuver needs to be considered. The alerts of collisions would be given by the ground segment. In order to advance in this progress, this internship enables to analyse the feasibility of the implementation of the two concepts by testing them on an experiments satellite. To do so, tests plans were defined, tests procedures were executed and post-treatment tools were developed for analysing the results of the tests. Critical computational cases were considered as well. The tests were executed in real operations conditions. / Många satelliter har en referensbana definierad enligt deras uppdrag. Satelliterna behöver därför navigera så nära deras referensbana som möjligt. På grund av externa krafter störs dock satellitbanan och åtgärder måste vidtas. För närvarande övervakas satellitbanorna av satellitavdelningar på marken vilka ger lämpliga instruktioner för navigering till satelliterna. Dessa steg kräver en tid och engagemang som skulle kunna användas för andra ändamål. En lösning är att göra satelliterna autonoma. Satelliterna skulle då kunna ta sina egna beslut beroende på deras bana. Navigeringskontrollen skulle därför vara mycket mer effektiv, exakt och snabbare. Dessutom kan den autonoma banregleringen kopplas till riskhantering för undvikande av kollision med rymdskrot och andra satelliter. Satelliterna skulle själva avgöra om en undvikande manöver måste övervägas. Varningar om kollisioner skulle ges av marksegmentet. För att gå vidare i denna utveckling analyserar detta arbete genomförbarheten av implementeringen av olika koncept för undanmanövrar genom att testa dem på en experimentsatellit. För att göra detta definierades testplaner, testprocedurer utfördes och efterbehandlingsverktyg utvecklades för analys av testresultaten. Kritiska beräkningsfall togs fram. Testerna utfördes under verkliga driftsförhållanden.

Pierre de L'Estoile (1546-1611) kept an extraordinary diary and collection in Paris during the Wars of Religion, recording everything from high-political scandals to low-life criminality during this crucial turning point in early modern history. The first extensive study of L'Estoile in any language, this thesis demonstrates how he negotiated and commemorated the conflicts that divided France as he engaged creatively with the rumours, ephemeral prints, poems, pictures, and books that he assembled in his diary and cabinet. It argues that the story of his life and times is the history of the civil wars in the making. While historians and literary scholars depend on L’Estoile’s diaries as an essential source of information, citing him as a mere passive observer, this thesis instead explores his subjectivity and interprets a wide range of hitherto unseen or neglected manuscript evidence that situates him in the Parisian society of royal office-holders and demonstrates his significance in the republic of letters. It follows a microhistorical approach to L'Estoile and his world in order to challenge established interpretations of his sources as evidence of a widespread mentality of eschatological anxiety in sixteenth-century France, instead focusing on L’Estoile’s personal responses to pieces in his collection. In this way, it critiques a common trend in cultural history to roam freely among ‘collective representations’ and argues for the importance of a precise analysis of social context, materiality, and individual subjectivity in reception studies.

Saint-Louis du Sénégal, sur la côte occidentale de l'Afrique, est une ville d'une rare spécificité. Première cité construite sur le Continent Noir par les Européens au XVIIe siècle, elle a hérité d'un patrimoine urbanistique et architectural riche de par sa diversité et son originalité. Pourtant ces vestiges de l'époque coloniale sont aujourd'hui menacés : des contingences économiques, climatiques, ainsi que l'usure du temps font qu'à présent, une grande partie des bâtisses sont au mieux en ruines, au pire ont disparu. A l'heure où les pouvoirs publics semblaient ne pas savoir comment faire face au problème des dégradations du bâti, un espoir est venu de l'Unesco qui a classé l'île de Saint-Louis au patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco. A cette première intervention est venu s'ajouter une réorganisation de la gouvernance locale dans un contexte de décentralisation jouant des partenariats avec des ONG mais aussi des atouts de la coopération décentralisée. En conséquence, le patrimoine architectural subit de multiples initiatives de restauration et de valorisation. Il est devenu le prétexte, le support et le cadre d'un dynamisme nouveau qui s'exprime de manière visible voire spectaculaire dans la progression de l'activité touristique, l'essor du commerce et des services ; un dynamisme qui n'est pas sans tensions allant jusqu'à remettre en question le patrimoine exploité. / Saint-Louis, of Senegal, is located in the West African coast. It is a very typical town. It was the first city ever built by Europeans on the Black Continent during the XVIIth century, and inherited a town-planning and architectural heritage which is consequent, because of its diversity and originality. However, those remains of the colonial era are threatened. Nowadays, most of the buildings are in ruins or have vanished, because of economic, climatic circumstances, or because of the wearing effect of time. While the public institutions seemed to be overwhelmed by this issue, the UNESCO gave hope by listing the city in the UNESCO World Heritage. In the meantime, the local government faced reorganization, and made partnerships up in a context of decentralization. Thus, the architectural heritage faces many initiatives of restoration and promotion. It now has become the pretext of a renewed process which is visible in a spectacular way, by the rise of the tourism and the development of trade and services. Moreover, this process is not without some strain, and it even put in question the exploited heritage.

Die Freilandhaltung von Schweinen bietet eine interessante Möglichkeit, artgerechte Schweinehaltung wirtschaftlich konkurrenzfähig zu betreiben. Problematisch erscheint bei dieser Haltungsform ihre Umweltverträglichkeit, speziell die vermutlich zu hohen N-Eintragsmengen mit der Gefahr der Stickstoffauswaschung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den N-Eintrag zu untersuchen und Möglichkeiten zu finden, ihn zu beeinflussen. Dazu wurde der Nmin-Gehalt des Bodens unter verschiedenen Bedingungen in drei ausgewählten Betrieben und der Versuchsstation der Humboldt-Universität untersucht. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten über einen Zeitraum von zweieinhalb Jahren jeweils vierteljährlich Ende Februar, Ende Mai, Ende August und Ende November. Die Proben wurden nach DIN-Vorschrift in drei Schichten (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm und 60-90 cm Bodentiefe) entnommen und in der LUFA Halle auf ihren Nmin-Gehalt untersucht. Außerdem wurde untersucht, welche Einflußmöglichkeiten für den Betreuer durch geeignete Maßnahmen bestehen, und inwiefern das Verhalten der Tiere selbst ausgenutzt werden kann, um überhöhte N-Einträge zu vermeiden. Nach Auswertung der vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnisse erscheint es keinesfalls notwendig, die Besatzdichten auf unter 6 Sauen je Hektar zu beschränken. Dies würde auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Haltungsform in Frage stellen. Eine durchdachte Gehegegestaltung und kürzere Belegungszeiten mit schnellem Folgefruchtanbau sind entschieden wirksamer als nur sehr niedrige Besatzdichten. Ein Teil der aufgezeigten verfahrenstechnischen Möglichkeiten zur Vermeidung von Stickstoffverlusten wurde bereits während der Untersuchungen erfolgreich in der Praxis erprobt. / Outdoor pig production offers an interesting possibility to operate taking just pig attitude economially competitively. A problem of this posture form seems to be her environment compatibility, special the presumably too high N entry set with the danger of nitrate leaching. It was aim of the work in hand to examine the N entry and to find possibilities to influence him. To this the Nmin content was examined under different conditions in three select farms and in the experiment station of the Humboldt-University. These examinations were carried out via a period of time of 2.5 years respectively quarterly end february, end may, end august and end november. The soil samples became taken after DIN-regulation in three layers (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm ground depth) and in the LUFA Halle on hers Nmin salary examines. In addition, you examined to avoid which possibilities excessive N entries pass by the attendant or by useage of the animal behavior. After evaluation of the examinations it seems under no circumstances necessary to demand stocking rates of lower than 6 sows per hectare. This would put the economicalness of the posture form in question. An enclousure lay-out thought through, the occupancy time and fast following fruit cultivation are decided more effectively than only very low edging densities more briefly. A part of the shown method technical possibilities for the avoidance of nitrogen losses was already tested successfully during the examinations in the practice.

The purpose of this study is to examine lifestyle migration as a cultural and everyday practice, with the emphasis being on observing how lifestyle changes from urban to rural are described, practiced and made meaningful by people who have left major Swedish cities behind, in favour of a life on the Gotlandic countryside. The empirical material has been collected through ethnographical methods and is based on observations and qualitative interviews with 13 individuals who all reside on farms and practice animal husbandry. Focus has been placed on the practices, conceptions and other expressions which are related to the informants’ animals and their keeping. The theoretical starting point of this study is phenomenological, where anthropologist Tim Ingold’s ideas of what it means to dwell are central. Also, the term authenticity and the concept of lifestyle migration are important tools to examine the collected material. The result of the study demonstrates that the idea of the rural idyll, in other words, the preconception of the countryside as a calm and harmonious refuge far removed from the stressful life of major cities, plays a large part in the in-migrants lifestyle migration. The informants’ decisions to move to the countryside, as well as their everyday practices once settled in, are characterised by these romanticised notions. The study also shows that the informants’ lives, with animals and their keeping, presents a series of unexpected challenges and difficulties that are not present in the preconception of the rural idyll. In reality, the informants experience more stress and even higher workloads in their rural everyday, than they were exposed to living their previous urban lifestyle. The animals and their care, however, provide a series of positive experiences and the interactions with the animals are seen as authentic and meaningful. The everyday interchanges with the animals become an important part of the informants’ being and wellbeing on the countryside. They are therefore crucial to their lifestyle migration.

François Mitterrand aimait l'Histoire, et décidemment l'Histoire avait aimé Mitterrand, car peut-être ce n'est pas par hasard que c'était lui le gouverneur du destin de la France au moment d'un si grand tournant dans l'histoire européenne. Si l'historien allemand Tilo Schabert le nommait « le président-philosophe », alors quelle a été sa réponse devant le Sphynx de l'Histoire, en 1989 ? Pour ou contre la réunification de l'Allemagne ? A vrai dire, le statu quo de la Guerre froide et l'existence des deux Allemagne au cœur de l'Europe, convenaient à merveille à la France. L'écrivain François Mauriac disait : « J'aime l'Allemagne tellement, que je désire en avoir deux ». Une Allemagne divisée a permis à la France de prendre le leadership ouest-européen. Avec une participation active dans la construction européenne, une relation privilégie avec Moscou, sa popularité parmi les capitales est-européennes, et son indépendance dans le cadre de l'Otan, la France semblait avoir tous les atouts pour être la première puissance de l'Europe Occidentale. Pour comprendre la diplomatie de Mitterrand, celle-ci doit être vue dans la perspective d'un monde en changement, d'un statu quo en cours de modification : son tour dans les capitales de l'Est, le projet pour le traité de Maastricht (avec son enjeu historique – l'adoption d'une monnaie unique), la ratification des traités consentant à la réunification de l'Allemagne, le soutien envers Gorbatchev et finalement son projet pour une grande confédération pan-européenne sur le moule de la Conférence sur la Sécurité et Coopération en Europe, évoquant l'ambition de Charles de Gaulle de construire l'Europe de l'Atlantique à l'Oural. Dans ce labyrinthe d'événements il y a un fil d'Ariane, un raisonnement clair et un peu trop visionnaire de la part de Mitterrand. C'est la qualité (et en même temps le défaut) de résoudre le présent en pensant l'avenir. Ceux qui comprennent tout avant les autres seront toujours incompris par la majorité. Mitterrand savait que l'Allemagne était un pays à risques, surtout pour l'hégémonie française et ensuite pour la construction européenne, le grand projet de construction européenne entamé depuis 1945. C'est le but de notre recherche de montrer la source et la forme des manifestations de la politique étrangère de Mitterrand envers l'Europe Centrale-Orientale. La diplomatie de François Mitterrand envers l'Europe Centrale-Orientale, qui redeviendra une carte mentale géographique suite à la question de la réunification allemande, se trouve au carrefour, à la croisée de l'approche gaulliste, réaliste, et de celle poursuivie par Pompidou et Giscard d'Estaing, l'approche constructiviste. Seulement à travers la grille d'une analyse réaliste-constructiviste on peut comprendre les ressorts et les jalons de sa politique étrangère concernant la réunification allemande, la construction européenne (le congrès de Strasbourg de 1989) et finalement l'Europe Centrale-Orientale sortie du communisme et l'Union soviétique (le projet de confédération pan-européenne sera présenté le 31 décembre 1989). Le fil d'Ariane que nous avons évoqué au début est une tresse faite par l'entrelacement des deux fils différents, celui du réalisme et celui du constructivisme. Par cette voie on peut comprendre de la part de Mitterrand, le désir l'accéler l'intégration de la Communauté européenne, la nécessité de trouver un encadrement pour la réunification pacifique de l'Allemagne, et puis faire son ancrage dans les valeurs occidentales, d'éviter la désintégration d'une Europe Centrale-Orientale. / François Mitterrand loved history, and history definitely loved Mitterrand, and because of this maybe it is not by chance that he governed the destinies of France at a great turning point in European history. If the German historian Tilo Schabert called him ”le président-philoshophe”, then one might ask what has been the response in front of the Sphynx of History in 1989. Was he for or against the reunification of Germany? Indeed, the status quo of the Cold War and the existence of two Germanys in the heart of Europe suited perfectly for France. The writer François Mauriac famously once said:”I love Germany so much that I want to have two.” A divided Germany has enabled France to consolidate the leadership of West European. With active participation in European integration, a special relationship with Moscow, with its popularity among the Eastern European capitals, and its independence in NATO, France seemed to have everything it takes to be the first power of the Western Europe. To understand it, the diplomacy of Mitterrand must be seen in the context of a changing world, where the status quo was challenged. Starting from this premises we can understand his diplomatic tour in the capitals of the East, the project for the Maastricht Treaty ( with its historic stake - the adoption of a single currency), the ratification of 2+4 treaty consenting to the reunification of Germany, his support for Gorbachev and finally his project for a major pan- European confederation on the mold of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe , echoing the ambition of Charles de Gaulle to build a Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals. In this maze of events the common thread was Mitterrand's a clear insight of the consequences the will follow the reunification. Those who understand everything before others will always be misunderstood by the majority. Mitterrand knew that Germany was a country at risk, especially for the French hegemony and then to European construction, the great European project started since 1945. It is the goal of our research to show the source and the form of Mitterrand's foreign policy toward East Central Europe in the context of the German question, towards a region that once again will become for France a geographic mental map. Mitterrand's diplomatic approach finds itself at a crossroads between a Gaullist approach, a realist one, and the one pursued by Pompidou and Giscard d'Estaing, a constructivist approach. Only through the grid of a realistic - constructivist analysis one can decipher the milestones of its foreign policy regarding the German reunification (2 +4 Treaty in September 1990), the European integration (the stake European Council in Strasbourg in1989) and finally East-Central Europe's post-communist architecture (through project of the pan European confederation he unveiled on 31 December 1989). Only in this way we can understand Mitterrand's desire to accelerate the integration of the European community, the need to find a framework for the peaceful reunification of Germany by anchoring it its Western commitments, and at the same time avoiding the disintegration of East-Central Europe.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T20:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa trata das relações que as mulheres trabalhadoras domésticas estabelecem com o saber. O objetivo central foi compreender as relações destas mulheres com o saber escolar e com o saber de suas experiências de trabalho contribuindo para reflexões sobre o PROEJA. Foram realizadas entrevistas inspiradas na metodologia de histórias de vida de Josso (2004), com seis mulheres alunas da EJA que são atualmente ou que já foram trabalhadoras domésticas. Foram realizados encontros individuais para entrevistas e, por último, uma conversa coletiva com o grupo de mulheres. Saliento que a metodologia utilizada propiciou uma oportunidade de formação para as participantes, segundo Josso, “uma experiência formadora”. Destaco como referencial teórico utilizado os estudos de Schwartz (2000, 2003), Charlot (2000, 2001) e Malglaive (1995) sobre o saber e a relação com o saber; Josso (2004) sobre pesquisa-formação e histórias de vida, o que também fundamentou a metodologia utilizada; Lagarde (2005) com reflexões sobre gê / The present research addresses the relationship women working as house keepers establish with knowledge. The main goal was to understand the relations those women create with school knowledge and the knowledge acquired in their line of work contributing to discussions on the PROEJA. Inspired by Josso’s life history methodology (2004), we interviewed six house keepers who attend night school in a Brazilian project called EJA (Youth and Adult Education), first individually and then collectively. We would like to emphasize the fact that the methodology has led to an opportunity of formation for the six women involved, which Josso calls “formative experience”. The theoretical references are the studies by Schwartz (2000, 2003), Charlot (2000, 2001) and Malglaive (1995) on knowledge and the relations with knowledge; Josso (2004) on formative-research and life history, which has also been the basis for the methodology used on this research; Lagarde (2005) on reflections on gender. The research showed that in the co

Drawing on workplace ethnography at a farm in the East of England and interviews with former participants on the UK's temporary foreign worker programme, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme, this thesis contributes to understanding of the everyday work and living experiences of migrant workers in UK horticulture. In particular, it assesses the influence of supermarket-driven supply chains and of immigration status on these experiences. This thus reveals a labour process which is strongly shaped by structural factors, yet workers' agency is also shown to play an important part. The analysis is organised around working and living spaces. It first explores the living spaces of the camp in which migrant workers were required to reside as a result of the conditions attached to the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme. Such conditions, it is argued, give rise to both social and physical enclosure and thus to employers' control of migrant workers. Secondly, the thesis focuses on everyday work spaces, illustrating how migrants' work efforts are influenced by two features of production operating in UK food supply chains: just in time and total quality control. The role of surveillance and technology are shown to be important in habituating migrants' bodies and their work efforts. The analysis of spaces of work also reveals how the piece rate form of payment and uncertainty over rates of pay are used to gain workers' consent and intensification of work effort. Moreover, it contributes to understanding of the bodily effects of that effort. The thesis further explores leisure and consumption spaces away from the camp. These can be sites of stigma, racism and exclusion and simultaneously reveal the working of a transnational social field. The analysis of these spaces provides evidence of how immigration status and nationality can shape both migrants' own identities and how others perceive them.

Cette thèse considère principalement trois problèmes dans le domaine du contrôle distribué coopératif des systèmes multi-agents(SMA): le consensus, la navigation en formation et le maintien en formation d’un groupe d’agents lorsqu’un agent disparait. Nous proposons 3 algorithmes pour résoudre le problème du calcul distribué d’un consensus à partir de l’approche leadeur-suiveur dans le contexte SMA à dynamique non-linéaire. La référence est définie comme un leader virtuel dont on n’obtient, localement, que les données de position et de vitesse. Pour résoudre le problème du suivi par consensus pour les SMA à dynamique non-linéaire, nous considérons le suivi par consensus pour SMA de premier ordre. On propose des résultats permettant aux suiveurs de suivre le leadeur virtuel en temps fini en ne considérant que les positions des agents. Ensuite, nous considérons le suivi par consensus de SMA de second. Dans le cas de la planification de trajectoire et la commande du mouvement de la formation multi-agents. L’idée est d’amener la formation, dont la dynamique est supposée être en 3D, d’une configuration initiale vers une configuration finale (trouver un chemin faisable en position et orientation) en maintenant sa forme tout le long du chemin en évitant les obstacles. La stratégie proposée se décompose en 3 étapes. Le problème du Closing-Rank se traduit par la réparation d’une formation rigide multi-agents "endommagée" par la perte de l'un de ses agents. Nous proposons 2 algorithmes d’autoréparation systématique pour récupérer la rigidité en cas de perte d'un agent. Ces réparations s’effectuent de manière décentralisée et distribuée n’utilisant que des informations de voisinage / This dissertation focuses on distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems. First, the leader-following consensus for multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics is investigated. Three consensus algorithms are proposed and some sufficient conditions are obtained for the states of followers converging to the state of virtual leader globally exponentially. Second, the consensus tracking for multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics is investigated. Some consensus tracking algorithms are developed, and some sufficient conditions are obtained. Based on these consensus tracking algorithms and sufficient conditions, it is shown that in first-order multi-agent systems all followers can track the virtual leader in finite time, and in second-order multi-agent systems the consensus tracking can be achieved at least globally exponentially. Third, the path planning and motion control of multi-agent formation is studied, where a practical framework is provided. In order to find a collision-free and deadlock-free feasible path for the whole formation, an optimizing algorithm is given to optimize the path generated by A* search algorithm. In order to realize the cohesive motion of a persistent formation in 3-dimensional space, a set of decentralized control laws is designed. Finally, the formation keeping problem is studied. We mainly focus on the closing ranks problem, which deals with the addition of links to a rigid multi-agent formation that is “damaged" by losing one of its agents, in order to recover rigidity. Some graph theoretical results are obtained, and some systematic ’self-repair’ operations are proposed to recover the rigidity in case of agent removals