This thesis deploys both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the role and meanings of violence within the context of Sussex and Kent in the early part of the eighteenth century. Historians have often approached the topic of violence from the perspective of a history of crime and therefore deviance. The focus has frequently been on measurements of levels and has ignored cultural contexts. In contrast, this research is grounded in experiences of violence demonstrating that it is not a uniform concept and includes a wide variety of behaviours from brawls to murder. By drawing on a range of sources it has been possible to allow the ritual and meaning of violent actions to be explored in detailed context. Quantitative data is taken from the quarter sessions records of both counties and analysed alongside the interpretations of previous historians. This is supplemented with depositions, literature, letters and notebooks to provide a ‘thick description’ of the contexts and circumstances of violence. The experience of violence is explored from a range of angles and at several levels, from anonymous brawls in the street to gang violence to household chastisement, the ritual and meaning of violent actions is investigated in detail. This analysis demonstrates that violence was a subjective concept, dependent on context. No clear definition of violence can be found, instead there are a range of descriptions, portrayals and accounts which all combine to illustrate the plurality of this concept. This thesis concludes that violence was often meaningful and connected with cultural concepts of order, authority and community. It was not random and its purpose can often be found if the signs are read. Evidence for struggles over authority and power can frequently be found as the basis of violent disputes and this can be found at the household, community and county level. This thesis demonstrates how violence was regulated through both formal and informal methods involving concepts of legitimacy and acceptability, as although violence was defined legally the border between legitimate or acceptable and illegitimate and unacceptable was blurred and contested.

The debate over the continuity, or discontinuity, of the late Roman settlement landscape has reigned long over studies of settlement and landscape transition between the Roman and early medieval periods. Traditionally, these studies have been confined to their period of research, typically taking a site-based perspective and neglecting the wider social and physical context. Since the development of ‘landscape archaeology’, the importance of the wider physical and social landscape, both as a source of evidence in its own right and the arena in which the processes of settlement change during the Roman and early medieval periods took place, has come to the forefront of settlement and landscape studies for these periods. Much of the research, however, remains qualitative in nature, rich in contextualisation and historical reflection, but lacking in systematic and spatial analysis. This thesis addresses that gap through a broad-scale, quantitative, study of Roman and early medieval settlement, to determine how far patterns of late Roman settlement appear to continue into the 5th to 11th centuries, and to what extent they influenced settlement processes during that period. The results have been systematically assessed across a range of distinctive and adjacent character regions, or pays, over three regional study areas, Norfolk, Kent and Somerset, to determine whether trends in Roman and early medieval settlement relationships, relative to their physical landscape context, demonstrate regional, or sub-regional, variation. The results reinforce the current understanding of settlement processes for these two periods: that the river valleys were predominantly the favoured areas for Roman settlement, particularly higher status Roman settlement, and that the lighter valley soils potentially saw a greater stability and continuity of settlement during the 5th to 11th centuries. This contrasts with the heavier clay soils and interfluvial areas which more typically saw lower status Roman occupation and were more prone to phases of settlement contraction and expansion during the 5th to 11th centuries. This rather simplistic distinction between areas of potential ‘continuity’ and ‘discontinuity’, however, inevitably embraces more nuanced variation in Roman and early medieval settlement relationships at a regional and sub regional level, as demonstrated in the individual discussion for each study area through the concept of ‘pays’.

Titel: En skola i förändring - En undersökning av lokalpressens rapportering kring Gävle kommuns beslut att omorganisera skolan 2012/2013   Nivå: C-uppsats inom media och kommunikationsvetenskap Författare: Marie-Louise Proos Handledare: Gabor Bora Examinator: Mats Hyvönen Ämne: Lokalpressens rapportering kring Gävle kommuns beslut att omorganisera skolan 2012/2013. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att se hur Arbetarbladets och Gefle Dagblads rapportering om grundskolan sett ut efter Gävle kommuns beslut att omorganisera skolan 2012/2013. Undersökningens huvudsakliga intresse är att beskriva vilken uppfattning de lokala tidningarna förmedlar till medborgarna i deras rapportering. Metod: Arbetet är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av tidningarnas artiklar. Delar av materialet kvantifieras. Artiklarna har publicerats i artikelserier. Dessa handlar om kommunens beslut att omorganisera skolan. Slutsatser: Kommunens omorganisering framställs som en kamp mellan de styrande politikerna och medborgarna men också politikerna emellan. Elever, föräldrar, lärare, rektorer, politiker och journalister ges utrymme i artiklarna men politikernas uttalanden dominerar. En av tidningarna har en genomgående negativ inställning till förändringarna, tendensen finns även i den andra. Den negativa rapporteringen medför att negativa attityder gentemot kommunens beslut och kommunens arbete sprids och förstärks hos läsarna. Nyckelord: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys, Kent Asp, Dramaturgi, Lokalpress, Arbetarbladet, Gefle Dagblad, Gävle kommun, Lärarlegitimation.

Examining historical ideology of women’s position within society and how that socialization has influenced historical legal cases of gender inequality is the backdrop for a modern case study of sexual harassment and sexual assault. This thesis explores how women’s voices have been, and continue to be, silenced socially and legally through ages old ideology of women’s subordination to men. By examining a 2007 legal case of ongoing sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetrated by Federal Judge Samuel Kent against women in subordinate positions working within his courthouse it is demonstrated that socialization of gender inequality is stronger and slower to change than the laws prohibiting it. / text

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 28, 2007). Advisor: James A. Tyner. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur olika medier skapar olika förutsättningar för propaganda. Uppsatsen undersöker direkta propagandatekniker men också viktiga förutsättningar för propaganda såsom argumentation och personakonstruktion.Uppsatsens undersökning avgränsar sig till tre olika medier, där författaren i samtliga fall är politikern Kent Ekeroth. Ekeroth har valts som företrädare för ett parti som av många uppfattas som populistiskt, utifrån vårt antagande att den populistiska diskursen uppvisar särskilt påfallande propagandistiska drag. Uppsatsens resultat är att det förekommer propagandatekniker i alla medier, såsom propagandistiska anpassningar av argumentation och personakonstruktion, dock tar det sig i uttryck på olika sätt. En propagandateknik som är dominerande i alla medier är förenkling, annars skiljer sig propagandateknikerna åt beroende på mediet. Exempelvis finns det få spår av förklädnad av obekväm fakta i riksdagsmotionerna medan dessa drag är starkt framträdande i Facebookinläggen. De skillnader som finns gällande anpassning i argumentationen är att det i riksdagsmotionerna är främst en logisk struktur som dominerar, medan vi i debattartikeln ser hur Ekeroth främst använder ett lånat ethos för att stärka sina argument och slutligen att pathos är starkt framträdande i Facebookinläggen.

Syftet med följande uppsats är att undersöka vilka typer av intertextuella inslag som kan identifieras i låttexter av Kent och hur dessa eventuellt kan användas för att tolka låttexterna i fråga. För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar används närläsning och intertextualitet som metod. Materialet som undersöks är de tre låttexterna: ”Romeo återvänder ensam” (2005), ”Sjukhus” (2009) och ”Allt har sin tid” (2014). Samtliga texter är skrivna av Joakim Berg. Såväl de skrivna texterna som de uppförda verken undersöks. Vid analys av de tre låttexterna identifieras intertexter som tillhör genrerna: religiösa skrifter, skönlitterära verk i form av dikter, barnböcker, konstsagor och dramer, men också andra låttexter. Dessa intertexter kan till viss del vara brukbara vid tolkning av de valda låttexterna.

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Full scale lateral load tests were performed on four piles located at various distances behind MSE walls. Three of the four test piles were production piles used to support bridges, and the other pile a production pile used as part of the bridge abutment. The objective of the testing was to determine the effect of spacing from the wall on the lateral resistance of the piles and on the force resisted by the MSE reinforcement. Lateral load-displacement curves were developed for pile at various spacing and with various reinforcement ratio (reinforcement length, L divided by wall height, H). The force in the reinforcement was measured using strain gauges. Lateral load analyses were performed to determine the minimum spacing required to eliminate any effect of the wall on the pile resistance (p-multiplier of 1) and the reduction in soil resistance at closer spacings (p-multiplier less than 1). With the addition of the data fro Price (2012) tentative curves have been developed showing p-multiplier vs. normalized spacing behind wall for a length to height ratio of 1.6, 1.2, and 1.1. The data suggest that with a L/H ratio of 1.6, a p-multiplier of 1 can be used when the normalized distance from the back face of the MSE wall to the center of the pile is at least 3.8 pile diameters. When the L/H ratio decreases to 1.2 and 1.1 a p-multiplier of 1 can be used when the pile is at least 4.5 and 5.2 pile diameters behind the wall respectively. For smaller spacings, the p-multipliers decreased essentially linearly with normalized distance from the wall. A plot showing the increased load in the reinforcement as a function of distance from the pile has been developed. The data in the plot is normalized to the maximum lateral load and to the spacing from the wall to the pile. The best fit curve is capped at a normalized tensile force of approximately 0.12. The data show that the increase in tensile force on the reinforcement when a lateral load is applied to the piles decreases exponentially as the normalized distance from the pile increases. The plot is limited to the conditions tested, i.e. for the reinforcement in the upper 3 ft. of the wall with L/H values at 1.2.