explains the reasons behind Boko Haram's unconventional tactic of kidnapping uses abductees as 'human bombs' Boko Haram's unconventional Kidnapping for at Boko Haram's martyrdom concept must have failed Overall, this dissertation concludes that Boko Haram's Kidnapping

This thesis intends to explore the relationship between three specific types of abuse and their susceptibility to developing Stockholm syndrome. Stockholm syndrome is the psychological phenomenon of a victim empathizing with their abuser. It can occur under various types of abuse, such as captivity, domestic violence with a partner, and child sexual abuse. A thorough literature review was conducted on the topic to determine which type of abuse makes a person more susceptible to developing the syndrome. It was concluded that the circumstances involved in child sexual abuse make a victim more inclined to sympathize with their abuser. By understanding the intensity of a victim's situation, clinicians can properly sculpt their treatment methods. The lack of research comparing types of abuse and their corresponding effects provides an impetus for future studies to explore this topic. A mixed-mode study is proposed as an alternative method of measuring the researcher’s hypothesis.

This dissertation examines the conflict over slavery and freedom in Philadelphia from 1820 to 1847. As the northernmost southern city in a state that bordered three slave states, Philadelphia maintained a long tradition of abolitionism and fugitive slave activity. Conflicts that arose over fugitive slaves and the kidnapping of free African-Americans forced Philadelphians to confront the politics of slavery. This dissertation argues that until 1847, Pennsylvania was in effect a slave state. The work of proslavery groups, namely slave masters, their agents, white and black kidnappers, and local, state, and national political supporters, undermined the ostensible successes of state laws designed to protect the freedom of African-Americans in Pennsylvania. Commonly referred to as “liberty laws,” this legislation exposed the inherent difficulty in determining the free or enslaved status of not only fugitive slaves but also African-American kidnapping victims. By studying the specific fugitive or kidnapping cases that inspired these liberty laws, one finds that time and again African-Americans and their allies forced white politicians to grapple with the reality that Pennsylvania was not a safe-haven for African-Americans, regardless of their condition of bondage or freedom. Furthermore, these cases often precipitated into desperate rescues and bloody riots on the streets of Philadelphia; these civil wars in miniature reflected the negotiated and compromised realities of living while black in the city. Ordinary African-Americans living in Philadelphia bore the burden of comity, or friendly relations between states, by practicing what I term “street diplomacy”: the up-close and personal struggles over freedom and slavery that had local, state, and national ramifications. In a larger sense, street diplomacy in Philadelphia magnified the stakes of national comity, i.e. the Union, by showcasing how dividing states by their condition of bondage remained impossible due to permeable geographic borders that fostered perpetual fugitive slave and kidnapping crises. Thus, this dissertation argues that African-Americans and their allies’ struggles with slave-masters, slave-catchers, kidnappers and proslavery politicians disrupted the best efforts of white politicians to maintain a compromised and compromising Union. / History

p. 1-140 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T18:14:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 4444444.pdf: 1051023 bytes, checksum: 4e537d6da1ff2b090f569882b8587b30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:33:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 4444444.pdf: 1051023 bytes, checksum: 4e537d6da1ff2b090f569882b8587b30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4444444.pdf: 1051023 bytes, checksum: 4e537d6da1ff2b090f569882b8587b30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a atuação de quadrilhas de assaltantes e seqüestradores que vêm vitimizando agências de banco e trabalhadores bancários do estado da Bahia. Estas quadrilhas são analisadas nos aspectos da organização, modos de atuação e técnicas de gerenciamento de vítimas. Foram realizadas 40 entrevistas: 26 com assaltantes presos (incluindo 2 mulheres), 10 com bancários vítimas destes crimes, 3 com funcionários do núcleo de segurança do banco e 1 com um delegado de polícia. Dada à classificação internacional dos assaltantes em profissionais, intermediários e amadores, o estudo evidencia a preponderância dos profissionais na amostra estudada. O profissionalismo das quadrilhas brasileiras, que pode ser explicado pela disponibilidade de elevados volumes de dinheiro nas agências retalhistas, se manifesta no agenciamento de recursos, no planejamento meticuloso das ações e no uso instrumental da violência para lograrem os seus objetivos. O trabalho discute as relações entre as quadrilhas e os bancários que operam as agências, levando em conta os tipos, formas e efeitos imediatos da violência empregada nas modalidades do assalto e da extorsão por meio de seqüestro. Conclui defendendo a melhoria da segurança das agências bancárias por meio da redução do numerário disponível e da incorporação de novos dispositivos de proteção do patrimônio e dos funcionários. / Salvador

Orientador: Sergio Roberto de Lucca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T03:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_GraziellaFerraride_M.pdf: 2340952 bytes, checksum: bd9fd17c9d803308a5c6ac1d0abe8893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esse estudo busca compreender um tipo de violência específica que atinge um número cada vez maior de bancários, que é o sequestro de funcionários e seus familiares para retirar o dinheiro diretamente dos cofres dos Bancos Financeiros. O trabalhador vitima do sequestro apresenta transtornos mentais graves após a ocorrência desse tipo de violência comprometendo seu desempenho profissional e psicossocial. Cabe ressaltar que o cenário atual do setor bancário apresenta uma organização precária devido ao intenso processo de reestruturação do trabalho, intensificado a partir dos anos 90, com objetivo de adaptação ao mercado financeiro altamente competitivo, impactando diretamente na saúde ocupacional dessa população. Os principais Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais verificados nos afastamentos de bancários segundo as estatísticas da Previdência Social são: depressão, transtorno de adaptação e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa se deu a partir de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro bancários vítimas de sequestro e foram compreendidas a partir do referencial metodológico da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o impacto psicossocial negativo do sequestro na vida das vitimas agravadas pelo inadequado manejo destas ocorrências contribuindo para as manifestações de transtornos psíquicos após o evento traumático. Com esse estudo, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de intervenções nas práticas organizacionais, na preservação da segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores bancários. A gravidade desse tipo de violência ao trabalhador deve também receber maior atenção da Saúde e Segurança Pública / Abstract: This study looks for a specific type of violence affecting an increasing number of employees of banks, which is the kidnapping of employees and their families to withdraw money directly from the vaults of the banks. The victim of the kidnapping, if the bank employee, has severe mental disorders after the occurrence of such violence, jeopardizing their professional and psychosocial performance. It is noteworthy that scenario it's banking sector is precarious in Brazil, due to the intense process of restructuring work, intensified since the 90s , in order to adapt to the highly competitive financial market, impacting directly on the occupational health of this population . Major mental and behavioral disorders seen in this type of occupation, leading to absenteeism, are according to statistics of Brazilian Social Welfare: depression, adjustment disorder and disorder post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The development of this research takes place from interviews with four bank officials who were kidnapped. These interviews are then understood from the methodological framework of content analysis, and the results obtained may contribute to the triggering of interventions on organizational practices in preserving the health and safety of bank employees. The severity of this type of violence to workers should also receive greater attention from the Health and Public Safety in Brazil / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

On September 12, 2015, a 37-year-old doctor named Martin Trenneborg kidnapped a woman from Stockholm named Isabel Eriksson. He locked her in a bunker on his yard in Östra Göringe kommun. The woman was reported missing and six days after the kidnapping, Martin Trenneborg and Isabel Eriksson returned to Stockholm to tell the police that she was ok. Later that day she managed to tell the police that she was kidnapped. Martin Trenneborg was later sentenced to eight years in prison.  The aim of this study is to examine how the case is framed in two Swedish newspapers and examine the differences between tabloids and broadsheets. This study examines the media coverage of this case in the two newspapers Kvällsposten and Kristianstadsbladet. Previous studies shows that there is a difference between tabloids and broadsheet. It also shows that there is a difference between how victims and perpetrators are portrayed, which can be connected to media stereotypes of the “ideal victim” and the “ideal perpetrator”.  Through a qualitative framing analysis, we examine how Martin Trenneborg, Isabel Eriksson and the case is framed in the two Swedish newspapers. The conclusion of this study matches with the previous research. It can be said that there are both similarities and differences between Kvällsposten and Kristianstadsbladet. Both newspapers chose to report on the same events but in different ways. What seperated them were the sensational expressions in the tabloids. The victim and the offender were portrayed differently in both newspapers depending on what the article focused on, as the study’s frames prove.

This thesis was devoted to the topic FARC-EP Fuerzas armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army). The first part surveys the history of the guerrilla organization from its beginnings to the present. As the beginning of the Colombian guerrilla groups is considered Colombia's La Violencia civil war between 1948-1958 which was caused by disagreements between liberal and conservative party. FARC-EP incurred as a rural guerrilla movement of the Communist Party fraction, and they followed the Marxist doctrine. However, the communist ideals were nowadays replaced by the desire for more power and finance. The historical part of this work was therefore also dedicated to find answers to what is the organizational structure of the FARC, what is the origin of their financing and what are their current targets. In the second part of the thesis the media covering the period from 1st January 2002 to 31st August 2010 was analyzed. This period begins seven months before the onset of ex-president Alvaro Uribe Velez to the presidency after Andres Pastrana and ends one month after the onset of the new president Juan Manuel Santos. It includes more than two presidential periods of Alvaro Uribe and events that contributed to his election, and also the end of...

Within the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments the recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders is unique. By reason of the fact that custody orders are always modifiable "in the best interests of the child" they cannot be regarded as final orders and are thus not capable of recognition and enforcement on the same basis as final orders. The failure of courts to afford foreign custody orders recognition and enforcement in the normal course has created the potential for a person deprived of the custody of a child to remove the child from the jurisdiction of a court rendering a custody order to another jurisdiction within which he or she may seek a new, more favourable order. This potential for behaviour in contempt of an existing order has been exploited by numerous parents who feel aggrieved by custody orders. The problem of parental child snatching has escalated to such a degree that the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was drawn up to introduce uniform measures amongst member states to address this problem. Despite being a meaningful step in the fight against international child abduction the Hague Convention does not fully resolve the problem. For this reason other measures have been suggested to supplement the Convention. The different approaches taken in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America to recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders and the measures to overcome the problem of international child abduction are examined and a comparative methodology applied to the design of a model approach for South Africa. The object of this model is to permit the South African courts to address the international child abduction problem without falling prey to any of the pitfalls experienced elsewhere in the legal systems examined. / Law / LL.D.

Within the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments the recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders is unique. By reason of the fact that custody orders are always modifiable "in the best interests of the child" they cannot be regarded as final orders and are thus not capable of recognition and enforcement on the same basis as final orders. The failure of courts to afford foreign custody orders recognition and enforcement in the normal course has created the potential for a person deprived of the custody of a child to remove the child from the jurisdiction of a court rendering a custody order to another jurisdiction within which he or she may seek a new, more favourable order. This potential for behaviour in contempt of an existing order has been exploited by numerous parents who feel aggrieved by custody orders. The problem of parental child snatching has escalated to such a degree that the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was drawn up to introduce uniform measures amongst member states to address this problem. Despite being a meaningful step in the fight against international child abduction the Hague Convention does not fully resolve the problem. For this reason other measures have been suggested to supplement the Convention. The different approaches taken in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America to recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders and the measures to overcome the problem of international child abduction are examined and a comparative methodology applied to the design of a model approach for South Africa. The object of this model is to permit the South African courts to address the international child abduction problem without falling prey to any of the pitfalls experienced elsewhere in the legal systems examined. / Law / LL.D.

This dissertation analyses the survival strategies that wealthy people in Mexico City have designed and implemented to protect themselves from kidnapping with special focus on household employment relationships. This particular crime has demonstrated a particular evolution in the last 20 years that deserves analysis. Once a political crime, it became an economic crime that at first only targeted wealthy individuals and then over time began targeting working class victims. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in Mexico City which included a year in the field, 78 interviews with employers, employees, kidnapping victims and members of the police forces and justice system and the creation of a news reports database this thesis presents a detailed history of the evolution of kidnapping in the period 1968-2009. This is followed by an in depth analysis of the strategies elites use to protect themselves from this crime. Special attention is focused on the hiring process of household employees, namely drivers, as evidence suggests that most kidnappings are organized or facilitated in some way by a close collaborator of the victim. The hiring process is approached as a problem of trust. Signaling theory is the main framework used for the solving of this problem, as well as some ideas found in transaction cost economics, namely vertical integration. The results point towards strategic behavior from the actors involved that seeks to minimize the risk of being kidnapped for the employer. Signaling helps us uncover the specific mechanisms by which employer establish their prospective employees’ trustworthiness. The use of informal social networks made up of strong ties is one of the most salient mechanisms used to guarantee honest employees and this, together with a composite set of properties is signaled throughout. This thesis contributes to the literature on crime in Latin America as well as to the sociological literature on signaling, a branch of analytical sociology.