A criminal modality that is becoming increasingly important nowadays and has many victims is the contract killing or the use of hitmen. The situation is aggravated by the presence of a process of crime institutionalization. The Peruvian government has responded to this problem typifying the aforementioned crime in the Criminal Code under condemns with are becoming longer. Was this the best solution?In the present article, the author answers this question by analyzing the penal types of contract killing while making a critic of the national criminal policy, taking into account the existence of other criminal types and other possible solutions, to finally prove its futility. / Una modalidad criminal que en el presente está cobrando importancia y muchas víctimas es el asesinato a sueldo o sicariato; situación que se agrava por la presencia de un proceso de institucionalización del crimen. El gobierno peruano ha respondido a este hecho tipificando dicho delito en el Código Penal bajo penas cada vez mayores. ¿Ha sido esta la mejor solución?En el presente artículo, el autor responde a dicha cuestión analizando los tipos penales del sicariato mientras realiza una crítica a la política criminal nacional, teniendo en cuenta la existencia de otras figuras penales y otras posibles soluciones, para finalmente demostrar su inutilidad.

Um resultado clássico em Geometria Diferencial, conhecido como teorema de Hadamard, e demonstrado pelo mesmo ([Ha]), estabelece que uma superfície conexa compacta no espaço Euclidiano cujas curvaturas principais são todas positivas é o bordo de um corpo convexo. Em part icular, a superfície é difeomorfa a uma esfera. Neste trabalho apresentamos extensões parciais deste teorema para imersões de codimensão arbitrária e para outros espaços ambientes que o E uclidiano conforme feito em [R]. / A classical result in differential geometry, known as Hadamard's theorem and proved by himself ([Ha]). establishes that a compact connected surface in the Euclidean space whose principal curvatures are everywhere positive is the boundary of a convex body. In particular, the surface is diffeomorphic to a sphere. In this work we present IJartial extensions of this theorem to immersions of arbitrary codimension and to other spaces than the Euclidean one, as clone in [R].

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste estudo, foi determinado o dano celular em linfócitos periféricos após exposição ao 153Sm-EDTMP (Samário-153 etilenodiaminotetrametilenofosfonato) por meio da técnica de análise de micronúcleos e coloração diferencial. O 153Sm-EDTMP é um radiofármaco utilizado para alívio da dor em pacientes com metástase óssea. A análise da freqüência de micronúcleos em amostras sangüíneas de pacientes obtidas uma hora após a administração endovenosa do radiofármaco (41 MBq/kg) mostrou que não houve diferença estatística em relação aos valores basais em células binucleadas. Porém, a análise da distribuição do dano em células mononucleadas mostrou que os pacientes sem tratamento radioterápico prévio apresentaram um aumento significativo na freqüência de células com um micronúcleo e aqueles com tratamento radioterápico prévio, nas células com dois ou mais micronúcleos. Os experimentos in vitro realizados com exposição de sangue total a três concentrações radioativas de 153Sm-EDTMP (0,370; 0,555 e 1,110 MBq/mL) por uma hora mostraram um aumento na freqüência de micronúcleos e de células necróticas e apoptóticas com o aumento da dose de radiação. Foram construídas curvas dose-resposta para os indivíduos sadios e para os pacientes com metástases óssea sem prévio tratamento radioterápico. A comparação das curvas mostrou que os pacientes apresentaram uma radiossensibilidade mais alta que os indivíduos sadios tanto quanto a porcentagem de células com micronúcleos como de células mortas (necróticas e apoptóticas). / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09063.pdf: 2967204 bytes, checksum: 97bf7db9915ce473f9c3b95b67930979 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) induit l’apoptose des cellules cancéreuses de manière sélective, tout en épargnant les cellules saines. TRAIL peut aussi activer des voies de signalisation de survie cellulaire dans des cellules cancéreuses résistantes à l’induction de la mort programmée après traitement. Les cellules cancéreuses que nous avons étudiées sont caractérisées par un phénotype de mort cellulaire fractionnée en réponse à TRAIL, c’est-à-dire que seule une fraction de la population meurt en présence de TRAIL, alors que l’autre fraction active la survie cellulaire. Lors de notre étude nous avons montré que les récepteurs de TRAIL jouent un rôle particulièrement important dans l’engagement de ces cellules vers l’une ou l’autre de ces voies. De telles recherches permettront de mieux appréhender la complexité de la signalisation TRAIL-dépendante, et de proposer des thérapies combinées qui réduiront la progression tumorale induite par TRAIL. / Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) gives a promise for cancer selective therapy as it exclusively induces apoptosis in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. TRAIL also activates pro-survival pathways in cancer cells resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. In this study we used clonal populations of cancer cells that respond in fractional killing upon TRAIL treatment: only a fraction of a clonal cancer cell population dies while another survives, activates non-apoptotic cascades and proliferates. We found that TRAIL receptors play an important role in the bifurcation of TRAIL signaling in populations of cancer cells that respond in fractional killing upon TRAIL challenge. These results will provide insights for evaluating whether combined therapies targeting components promoting the activation of pro-survival signaling would allow the use of rhTRAIL/DR5 agonistic antibodies to activate TRAIL-mediated killing while avoiding TRAIL-induced tumor progression.

Masters of Art / In my thesis entitled ‘African Tradition and Modernity in Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness’, I analyze the way Western modernity and African traditions interact in Mda’s novel. I suggest that both modernity and tradition interact to produce a hybrid culture. This will become apparent in my analysis of the way Mda depicts the cattlekilling episode and the effects of Nongqawuse’s prophecy, and also in the novel’s contemporary characters. Mda shows the development of an African modernity through the semi-autobiographical figure of Camagu who is not slavishly indebted to Western ideas of progress, but is a hybrid of African values and a modern identity. In my thesis I will look at the way Mda also addresses the issue of the oppression of the Xhosa in colonial history, and the way he demonstrates that the divisions of the past deeply influence post-apartheid South Africa. In this regard, I will show how The Heart of Redness is a critique not only of colonial oppression, but also of the newer injustices plaguing the post-apartheid South African society. The focus of Mda’s critique in this regard is the proposed casino that stands as a model of environmentally destructive, unsustainable and capitalist development. Instead, Mda’s novel shows an alternative modernization of rural South African society, one which is based on community upliftment and environmentally friendly development. Through an exploration of the above aspects of the novel, my thesis shows that Mda’s writing exemplifies a hybrid African modernity, one that incorporates Western ideas as well as African values.

Neste trabalho mostramos que dado um domínio exterior de classe C0 contido em uma superfície umb lica de H3; com curvatura média constante H 2 [0; 1); existe uma família de gracos de Killing com curvatura média constante H: O bordo de cada um destes gracos está contido nesta superfície umbílica e a norma do gradiente da função no bordo pode ser prescrita por um certo valor s 0. / In this paper we show that given an exterior domain of class C0 contained in an umbilical surface of H3; with constant mean curvature H 2 [0; 1); there exists a family of Killing graphs with constant mean curvature H: The boundary of each of these graphs is contained in this umbilical surface and the norm of the gradient of the function in the boundary can be prescribed by a certain value s 0:

On January 3, 2020, Iranian major general Qasem Soleimani was killed through a targeted drone strike at the authorisation of the US President Donald Trump. This thesis examines if, and in that case how, the arguments presented by the Trump administration used to justify the killing of general Soleimani are in line with the principles of Just War theory. By conducting a case study, through a qualitative content analysis, analysing four official statements made by the Trump administration during a two months period after the killing, this thesis will examine the moral discourses in the arguments presented. Drawing on insights from studies regarding the justification of War on Terror, preemptive war, and targeted killings according to the Just War theory, lays the foundation for a deeper reasoning of the legality of the argumentation based on the principles of Just War. This thesis will show that in some aspects, the arguments presented by the Trump administration can be interpreted to be in accordance with one of the principles, but none of the statements satisfy the criteria in all of the principles. Therefore, the overall conclusion of this analysis is that the Trump administration has the intention of justifying the attack, but the arguments used are not rooted in Just War theory. Further, this thesis will also show an inconsistency over time in the arguments presented. The contribution from this study lays in the analysis of the arguments on the basis of the principles of Just War theory, not from the perspective of international law. The intention from this thesis is not to analyse if the attack itself can be seen as just according to Just War theory but looking at the argumentation presented by the Trump administration.

This paper explores heritage killing in the practice of Grindadráp (pilot whale hunting),revealing its relevance to Faroese regional identity. My aim is to identify ‘heritage killing’ inthree aspects; killing is heritage, heritage kills, and heritage is being killed to show the role itplays in the heritage practice of Grindadráp and in turn, how all the different aspects of ‘heritagekilling’ can influence the Faroese identity. I will use the qualitative method of one-on-one subjectinterviews to acquire; beliefs, values, rituals and traditions of the Faroese people, gainingvaluable indigenous data. In this research process, uncovering the people of the Faroe Islands tobe authentically; nature-based, socially bonded within their community, and sustainable intraditions which make up their identity.

While some theorists have hinted at various social functions served by the gothic genre—such as providing an outlet for grief, anxiety, and violence in their various forms—recent research within the last few decades into sociology, military science, and trauma studies supplies compelling new ways of rereading the horror genre. In addition to providing an outlet for grief, anxiety, and violence in their various forms, horror media can now be read as a preemptive measure in an effort to mediate the immediate and long-term effects of the trauma and horror faced by humanity. I argue that in much the same way an author may write a self-help tract such as The Gift of Fear to try and inform women how to repel a sexual predator by graphically relating harrowing tales of sexual predation, so do some horror texts and film claim to preemptively mediate different types of trauma before, during, and after it occurs. This is done in each case not by merely scaring readers, but by inoculating them against them against future debilitating trauma before, during, and after it may occur. The relatively recent (or at least recently popularized) genre of self-help books that overtly seeks to prepare its audience for future trauma by exposing them to it in a controlled environment draws upon the canon of gothic literature for its inspiration as well as for its rhetorical strategies and literary devices. Without discounting the aesthetics and the utility of horror as a psychological outlet, I will show that gothic media can be reread and reconfigured within this new framework. By realigning horror studies within the framework of trauma studies and the possibility for inoculation against future trauma, this study will provide new insight into one how popular culture often portrays trauma through text, and I will seek to establish a new category affiliated with both trauma theory and horror, the study and representation of pre-memory. This thesis will also present as a case study the rhetorical self-inoculation of American horror author H.P. Lovecraft.