The phenomenon of mental models has long been studied in both cognitive science and HCI, yet their impact in knowledge transfer between user interfaces are not as commonly studied. Rarely are practical examples of this phenomenon studied from an academic perspective. Using a real world example, Skatteverket’s (Swedish tax authorities) information system Basregister, this case study seeks to explore the role of mental models in knowledge transfer between user interfaces. Method of investigation entailed utilizing two design iterations, three interview phases, and five participants employed at Skatteverket. This study investigated if, and how much design elements from well-known external- and the original- system impact the acquisition of new mental models for the newly produced user interface designs. Main results conclude that both external and internal design elements may be to tremendous benefit when the goal is to design with maximum knowledge transfer, as to reduce cognitive load on the user. However, that such implementations should be carefully instigated when designing new UI, and always from a user-centric approach.

A gestão empresarial, de uma forma em geral, enfrenta novos contextos quanto à sua estrutura organizacional que suporte a dinâmica do mercado, que incentive a aprendizagem, que esteja antecipada as tendências de consumo e necessidades dos clientes; e que possa ser criativa o suficiente para promover a inovação. Neste sentido, o conhecimento se torna um recurso estratégico para as empresas. Este estudo teve como objetivo propor diretrizes para um portal colaborativo para a transferência do conhecimento no contexto de ambientes de desenvolvimento de empreendimentos inovadores visando a melhoria no processo de inovação e desenvolvimento dos negócios das empresas incubadas. Quanto ao desenvolvimento, baseado em estudos norteadores sobre gestão do conhecimento, transferência do conhecimento para aspectos da colaboração e portais, foi aplicada a metodologia de modelagem organizacional Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD). Os resultados abordaram três perspectivas: o modelo do estado atual, a análise das necessidades de mudança e o modelo do estado futuro, que apresentam em principal, o modelo de componentes e requisitos técnicos que norteiam as diretrizes para o portal colaborativo, para a transferência do conhecimento, integrado aos objetivos organizacionais, regras do negócio, atores e recursos. / The corporate management, in a general way, faces new contexts for their organizational structure wich supports the market dynamics, wich encourages learning, that is in advance to consumer trends and customer needs, and wich can be creative enough to foster innovation. In this way, knowledge becomes a strategic resource for companies. This research aims to propose guidelines for a collaborative portal for knowledge transfer in the context of innovative projects development in order to improve the innovation process and the development of business of incubated companies. Regarding development, based on guiding studies on knowledge management, knowledge transfer for collaboration aspects and portals, was applied the organization modeling methodology Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD). The results discussed three perspectives: the as-is model, needs-for-change analysis and the to-be model, in which presents mainly the technical components and requirements model that provide the guidelines for collaborative portal for knowledge transfer, integrated with organizational goals, business rules, actors and resources.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2015-11-26T17:24:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) Tese Fábio Staude 30_07_2014 versão final.pdf: 1310546 bytes, checksum: 42465122729d69d3d9766a9cade40a96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T17:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) Tese Fábio Staude 30_07_2014 versão final.pdf: 1310546 bytes, checksum: 42465122729d69d3d9766a9cade40a96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / A importância da cooperação interorganizacional dentro do processo de inovação tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida. De fato, todas as organizações, em algum momento, precisam considerar fontes externas de recursos como insumos para o processo de construção de competência tecnológica. Nesse sentido, através de um estudo de caso detalhado, esta tese analisa teórica e empiricamente como iniciativas colaborativas têm apoiado o órgão regulador nuclear brasileiro no desenvolvimento e implementação de inovações, a fim de verificar a relação positiva entre a colaboração e o desempenho inovativo organizacional. Ressaltando a importância tanto de fontes internas de conhecimento como da participação externa, o presente estudo envolveu a análise de documentos, levantamento preliminar de dados e entrevistas semiestruturadas com técnicos do órgão regulador responsável pela inspeção e controle de instalações e atividades associadas à utilização de fontes de radiação nas áreas médica, industrial e de pesquisa. A tese demonstra que as inovações desenvolvidas e implementadas na área de proteção radiológica e segurança nuclear brasileira estão associadas a iniciativas colaborativas voltadas ao aprimoramento da capacidade organizacional para cumprir suas obrigações de segurança, fornecendo algumas implicações significativas para os gestores envolvidos com a gestão da inovação. Os resultados também identificaram atores com um grau significativo de influência no processo de inovação. O estudo revela que o apoio prestado por esses atores tem uma forte influência sobre o desempenho inovativo do órgão regulador nuclear brasileiro, o que sugere que o Brasil deve adotar modelos mais interativos de inovação e transferência de conhecimento. Além disso, os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que esses atores-chave podem ter um papel relevante no contexto dos regimes de informação vigentes em sistemas setoriais de inovação. / The importance of inter-organisational cooperation within the innovation process has been increasingly recognized. In fact, all organisations, at some point, need to look to external sources for inputs to the process of building up technological competence. In this sense, through a detailed case study, this thesis examine theoretical and empirically how collaborative initiatives have supported the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body in the development and implementation of innovations, in order to verify the positive relationship between the collaboration and the organisational innovation performance. Emphasizing the importance of both internal sources of knowledge and external participation, the study encompasses documentary analysis, a preliminary survey and semi-structured interviews with the regulatory body employers in charge of controlling medical and research facilities and activities involving radiation sources. The thesis demonstrates that innovations developed and implemented in the Brazilian nuclear safety and security area are associated with collaborative initiatives, in order to improve the organizational capability to fulfill safety obligations, providing some important implications for regulatory body managers concerned with the management of innovation. The findings also identified actors with a significant degree of influence in the innovation process. The result reveals that the support provided by these actors has a significant influence on the innovation performance of the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body, suggesting that Brazil should adopt more interactive models of innovation and knowledge transfer. In addition, the findings show that these key actors can play a very distinctive role in the context of sectoral systems of innovation information regime.

The awareness on the importance of managing knowledge as the most important assets that need to be fully utilised has become the key competitive issue lately. In Malaysia, the concern was not only from companies but also from the Government of Malaysia itself. At the end of the year 2002, the Government of Malaysia has launched the Knowledge-based Economy Master Plan which aims to propel Malaysia from a production-based economy to a knowledge-based economy. With an increasing concern to create a knowledgeable society, it is critically important to understand the nature of such knowledge that is already embedded in the organisation's business processes, and how that knowledge is used as an important source of competitive advantage. The overall aim of this thesis is to analyse the current situation on how knowledge is managed in the public organisation in Malaysia and to provide government agencies in Malaysia with data on how knowledge is transferred. The primary focus of the study is to identify the organisational elements that are important for the transfer of knowledge in the public organisations in Malaysia. The study also examines different lengths of working experiences and number of years in an organisation has an impact on the understanding of knowledge management in the public organisation. After a literature review, and the development of conceptual frameworks, a number of hypotheses are put forward. To achieve an in-depth study, the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development of Malaysia was chosen as a case study. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in gathering data and interview(s) for the key informants were also conducted. A total of 154 respondents were involved in the survey and five key informants were interviewed. The questionnaire is principally concerned with the understanding of knowledge management in the Ministry and the questions on the variables that are used for the hypothesis testing. The study also investigates the relationship between organisational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer. Five main independent variables were identified - organisational culture, organisational structure, technology, people/human resources and political directives - and these were tested against knowledge transfer performance. The results reveal that there are two independent variables that have significant relationships to the performance of knowledge transfer. The variables are sharing culture and ICT know-how. Therefore, it is necessary for organisations to consider some of the elements that shows a relationship between the tested variables in implementing a knowledge management strategy in an organisation. However, certain variables that did not show any relationship should not be ignored totally, as they are still very important for some organisations. The study shows that knowledge management as a practice would be the most influential strategy in managing knowledge in public organisations in Malaysia in the near future. On the basis of the research findings the researcher is able to put forward a series of recommendations, particularly in formulating a knowledge management strategy that is suitable for the public organisation in Malaysia which complements the Knowledge-based Economic Master Plan that was launched by the Government.

Les principaux enjeux technico-scientifiques du 21ème siècle sont caractérisés par une interdisciplinarité et une convergence des technologies de plus en plus importantes. L'évolution des produits et services basés sur la bio- et la nanotechnologie sont parmi les exemples les plus connus. Il manque cependant des processus et des méthodes permettant d'organiser et de structurer la résolution de problème dans des environnements interdisciplinaires – ce terme faisant ici référence à la collaboration entre ingénieurs et chercheurs scientifiques.Ainsi, la question de recherche de ce travail de doctorat est la suivante :Comment soutenir et faciliter la résolution créative de problème interdisciplinaire et l'intégration des technologies dans des domaines basés sur la connaissance ?Pour répondre à cette question, trois hypothèses ont été formulées :La première hypothèse suggère que la composition d'un groupe en terme de disciplines (groupe multi- ou monodisciplinaire) a un impact sur le processus de résolution de problème en groupe ainsi que sur les résultats de ce processus.La deuxième hypothèse suggère un impact du support méthodologique sur le processus de résolution de problème en groupe ainsi que sur les résultats de ce processus.La troisième hypothèse suggère quant à elle que les concepts et notions clés des méthodes analytiques comme TRIZ et USIT peuvent être utilisés dans un processus d'intégration de technologie et peuvent soutenir ce processus.Les deux premières hypothèses ont été testées et validées par une expérimentation dans laquelle des groupes mono- et multidisciplinaires devaient générer des solutions pour un problème complexe en utilisant des méthodes intuitives ou analytiques. Alors que la composition de groupe impacte principalement les aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs des solutions proposées, le support méthodologique influence quant à lui le processus de résolution de problème ainsi que les aspects qualitatifs des solutions. Plus important, l'impact des méthodes semble être dépendant de la composition des groupes.Pour tester la troisième hypothèse, les résultats de la première expérimentation ont été utilisés pour générer un modèle permettant de structurer la recherche et l'intégration d'une ou plusieurs technologies dans le cadre du développement de nouveaux produits. Ce modèle, qui intègre des méthodes et outils provenant de différentes méthodologies, a été testé par des ingénieurs lors d'une étude de cas industrielle dans le secteur des roulements à bille. L'évaluation du modèle montre qu'il semble faciliter le transfert de connaissance et améliorer la créativité des concepts développés comparé aux approches déjà existantes. En ce qui concerne l'effort nécessaire pour l'apprentissage et la mise en œuvre du modèle développé, les performances sont comparables à celles obtenues avec les méthodes préexistantes.Les résultats de ce travail sont particulièrement intéressants pour les équipes de la R et D et leur management dans les secteurs de la haute technologie ainsi que dans des domaines à l'interface entre l'ingénierie et les sciences naturelles. Le modèle développé est actuellement appliqué dans une démarche d'open innovation dans le secteur de la pharmacologie. / Most of the major technological challenges of the 21st century like e.g., reduction of greenhouse gas emission and sustainable energy supply, but also the bio- and nano-technological revolutions require intensified collaboration between different disciplines of engineering design as well as of natural science.The present Ph.D. research tries to provide some insight into the questions of• How to provide methodological support for creative problem solving in interdisciplinary groups composed of engineers and natural scientists?• How to support the process of the integration of a technology originating from a knowledge-intensive domain in order to solve a given design problem?The literature analyzed relevant aspects on several systemic levels (global, institutional, team-, individual and problem- perspective).The review allowed highlighting problems related to both, the activity as such as well as to the methods which seem a priori appropriate to support it. In this regard, incoherent interpretive schemes and majority influence are examples for the former and performance drawbacks as well as learning difficulties associated to hierarchical methodologies are instances of the latter.Based on the results of the literature review, two experiments were conducted.The first experiment inquired into the impact of disciplinary group composition (H1) as well as of the applied methodology (H2) on the creative group problem solving process and its outcomes.In a laboratory experiment 60 participants, 45 with a life science background and 15 with a mechanical engineering background were trained either in instances of intuitive approaches (Brainstorming, Mind Mapping) or in analytical, hierarchical methodology (TRIZ/USIT). Then, they had to solve an ill-defined medical problem in either mono- or multidisciplinary teams. The creative process as well as the output was documented using questionnaires and documentation sheets. Further the output was evaluated quantitatively by two domain experts before it was categorized qualitatively.Statistical analyses (ANOVA, Correlation parameters and Attraction rates), to a certain extent, support H1 and H2. More importantly however, the experiment shows differences related to method performance in general and as a function of disciplinary group composition in particular.The second experiment investigated whether concepts of TRIZ and its derivatives ((A/U)SIT) are appropriate to provide support for the process of technology integration before the background of an industrial NCD/NPPD process (H3).In order to test this hypothesis a model was developed which allows the identification and resolution of problems which typically appear during the integration of a specific technology into a given application. The model incorporates two of the most important concepts of TRIZ, and is sought to facilitate creative problem solving attempts in both, mono- and multidisciplinary teams.The said model was tested during an industrial NCD study in the roller bearing industry. After the case study, the participating engineers were asked to compare the applied model and the associated technology integration process with existing approaches used in the company.The results of the experiment point to superior performance of the presented model in terms of knowledge transfer-related and idea quality-related criteria. However, required resources for process conduction and necessary effort for the learning of the approach were considered comparable to existing approaches.The present Ph.D. work contributes to the understanding of creative problem solving in interdisciplinary groups in general and related to technology integration in particular. Especially the comparison of more pragmatic intuitive methods with more hierarchical analytical approaches depending on disciplinary group composition provided relevant insight for R&D processes.

In today’s fast changing environment it is important for knowledge intense companies that want to stay competitive to actively work with their knowledge, knowledge sharing and Knowledge Management (KM). Barriers decrease the efficiency of how knowledge is created, stored and shared, and they are therefore important to reduce or preferably remove making the KM activities result in as much value for the organisation as possible. To achieve this, it is important that the KM activities become a natural part of the employees’ daily work. Activities become natural when employees are truly motivated, which can be achieved through for example further education, reward systems and supporting work conditions. In this study we have focused on existing barriers for knowledge sharing and we ask ourselves “what barriers exists?”, “how is existing IT being used as a support?” and “how does motivation, reward and punishment affect knowledge sharing?”. By conducting a qualitative case study at a knowledge intense company in Huskvarna, we will answer these questions and also recommend how the company can reduce the barriers we find, thus creating prerequisites for more effective knowledge sharing. We carried out an interview and an observation of how an employee at the company worked with knowledge sharing. Through the case study, we found that the company worked with knowledge sharing using both a discussion forum and a CV database located on the company’s intranet. However, we did find barriers and the most important ones were low awareness and realisation amongst staff of the value and benefit of possessed knowledge, lack of an intentional KM strategy and lastly their IT systems were not adjusted to employees’ needs. The foremost consequence of these barriers is that the company can not effectively utilize their knowledge, which is their most important resource making the company competitive. Since motivation and understanding are the two primary factors for employees to work more naturally with knowledge sharing, and to achieve this we recommend that the company implement some sort of reward or incentive system combined with education. In working with this thesis, we have learnt that knowledge sharing exists in all companies, with or without an intentional strategy and with or without IT supporting the activities. Thus, barriers also exist in all companies. The cardinal thing to understand is that companies must work to reduce or remove barriers, regardless how many they are. Knowledge has become such an important resource that no knowledge intense company today can afford to ignore this fact. / För kunskapsintensiva företag är det viktigt att arbeta aktivt med kunskap, kunskapsdelning och Knowledge Management (KM) för att vara konkurrenskraftiga på dagens föränderliga marknad. Vi har i denna studie fokuserat på existerande hinder för kunskapsdelning, användning av IT som stöd och hur motivation, belöning och bestraffning påverkar kunskapsdelningen. Hinder inom KM minskar effektiviteten av hur ny kunskap skapas, lagras och delas, vilket därför måste tas hänsyn till och helst minskas eller undanröjas för att uppnå högsta möjliga värde för organisationen. För att företag ska få största möjliga värde av sitt KM-arbete, är det viktigt att det blir en naturlig del av de anställdas vardag. Därför är det viktigt att skapa en inre långsiktig motivation genom till exempel utbildning, belöning och arbetslivsförutsättningar. Utifrån problemdiskussionen ovan ställer vi oss frågorna ”vilka hinder finns?”, ”hur används befintlig IT som stöd?” och ”vilken påverkan har motivation, belöning och bestraffning på kunskapsdelning?”. Genom att utföra en kvalitativ fallstudie på ett kunskapsintensivt företag i Huskvarna, ska vi svara på frågorna ovan och även ge rekommendationer för hur företaget kan reducera de hinder vi kartlägger och därmed skapa förutsättningar för mer effektiv kunskapsdelning. Vi genomförde en intervju och observation av hur en anställd på företaget arbetade med kunskapsdelning. Genom fallstudien fick vi reda på att företaget arbetade med kunskapsdelning genom ett diskussionsforum och en CV-databas på deras intranät. Dock kunde vi kartlägga hinder och de viktigaste var att personalen hade låg medvetenhet av värdet och fördelarna med den innestående kunskapen för andra anställda, företaget hade inte en medveten KM-strategi samt att de IT-system som företaget använde inte var anpassade efter personalens behov. Den främsta konsekvensen av hindren blir att företaget inte mer effektivt kan nyttja den kunskap som är den främsta resursen för att företaget ska vara konkurrenskraftigt. Eftersom motivation och förståelse för kunskapsdelning är två av de viktigaste faktorerna för att personal naturligt ska vilja arbeta med kunskapsdelning, rekommenderar vi företaget att införa någon form av belöningssystem kombinerat med utbildning för att uppnå detta. Vi har genom denna uppsats lärt oss att kunskapsdelning förekommer på alla företag, med en medveten eller omedveten strategi och med eller utan IT som stöd. Således förekommer det också hinder på alla företag. Det viktiga att förstå är att företag aktivt måste arbeta med att reducera eller undanröja hinder, oavsett om det är ett eller flera. Kunskap har idag blivit en så pass viktig resurs att inget kunskapsintensivt företag har råd att ignorera detta faktum.

Problem definition: There must be a knowledge transfer within the organisation to prevent illness and accidents at work.  Aim: Is to examine and describe how opportunities to share knowledge with other organisational members experienced by managers with occupational health and safety responsibilities. Method: A qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews from N=10 informants.  Main results: Managers' experience are perceived to be the possession of a superior power and that they need to bring in non-relational resources to dissemination knowledge. Conclusion: Theory suggests that by creating relationships by using communication and interaction to access trust and reciprocity, there are great opportunities for knowledge transfer. We have taken part of the informants' experiences, we have come to the conclusion it's not the easy to implement relationships in the work environment because it does not always precondition for this. Because of cultural differences, experience-and competence differences and organisational characteristics. / Problemformulering: I arbetet förekommer det stora risker för ohälsa och olyckor, för att kunna minimera dessa risker måste det ske en kunskapsspridning inom organisationen. Att sprida kunskap gällande arbetsmiljö är en viktig faktor i alla arbetsområden i samhället, dock är spridningen inte det enklaste. För att kunna sprida kunskap behöver vi undersöka hur chefer som ansvarar för arbetsmiljö upplever sina förutsättningar för kunskapsspridning inom organisationer. För att sedan ta del av detta och skapa förutsättningar som främjar spridningen av kunskap. Syfte: Att undersöka och beskriva hur förutsättningar att dela med sig av kunskap till andra organisationsmedlemmar upplevs av chefer med arbetsmiljöansvar Metod: En kvalitativ fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer från N=10 informanter. Innehållsanalys har används för att analysera data. Huvudresultat: Skapandet av relationer är inte det enklaste tillvägagångsättet för att sprida kunskap. Chefernas förutsättningar upplevs vara att inneha en överordnad position och att de behöver/vill ta in icke-relationella resurser för att kunskapen enklare skall spridas. Slutsats: Teorin menar att nära relationer som byggs upp med hjälp av kommunikation och interaktion för att komma åt tillit och ömsesidighet medför stora förutsättningar för kunskapsspridning. Denna studie visar att tänket att skapa värdefulla relationer finns hos cheferna. Men på något vis är det inte det enklaste att genomföra, eftersom det inte alltid finns förutsättningar för detta. Det vill säga förutsättningar som, kulturella skillnader, erfarenhet- och kompetenskillnader och organisatoriska egenskaper.

Recently, cloud computing has been gaining more and more popularity. Misunderstanding, misusing and underutilizing the cloud offerings, though, both from business and technical perspective still poses a threat to the success of cloud projects. On the technical side, one of the main reasons for success or failure is often the architectural design of the system – if a system is not architected the “cloud way”, using cloud’s special characteristics, the business benefits of such a system are often questionable at best. Software architecture through architectural patterns – reusable generic solutions to classes of problems – has for long been a good way to overcome the challenges of software architecture. This paper focuses on establishing the grounds and highlighting the differences of the knowledge transfer regarding architectural patterns from building pre-cloud (“traditional”) software systems to building cloud-native systems. The following 3 research questions drive this research: RQ1.     How does the existing knowledge on architectural patterns relate to the cloud computing environment? RQ2.     Which characteristics of architectural patterns make them suitable for the cloud environment? RQ3.     How can architectural pattern evolution be documented effectively for usage in the practice? In order to answer these 3 research questions and considering their focus is on utility i.e. creating a model which can be directly used in practice, the research uses design science research methodology (Peffers, et al., 2007-8). The emphasis in this methodology is iteratively building artefact(s) which can be improved and proven through practice that they actually help solving the problem at hand. This research contributes with building 4 inter-connected artefacts: a cloud applicability taxonomy of architectural patterns (CATAP) showing how applicable to a cloud environment an architectural pattern is and why; a pattern-to-characteristics mapping showing how using an architectural pattern affects the resulting system in traditional and cloud environments; a pattern form documenting the architectural patterns and the findings about them in the previous two artefacts; a wiki site, APE Wiki, which makes the results available to the public for reference and discussion and improvement. This research has a few interesting findings. First of all, the current architectural pattern knowledge seems to be very mature as no pattern has been found to have significantly evolved because of cloud – the architectural patterns are really generic and very flexible and only their effect on system characteristics has changed with the environment switch. On the other hand, a few new patterns were discovered and documented, which confirms the need for special attention to the new environment. Apart from that, the pattern-to-characteristics mapping provides interesting insights into which characteristics are most important for cloud and where there is a gap which may need to be filled. This paper presents both the process and the results of the research as equally important as replicating and extending this research could help in maturing the results and the knowledge about architecting systems for cloud thus increasing the chances of success of cloud projects.

À l‟instar de la mutation des Sciences Humaines et Sociales soutenues par le bouleversement des paradigmes des sciences de l'information et de la communication, et des systèmes de l‟organisation des connaissances vers ceux portés par les sociétés du savoir, il est important, de réétudier la relation entre les individus, les communautés et la technologie dans un contexte d‟apprentissage pour une capitalisation des connaissances.L‟objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle hybride de capitalisation des savoirs soutenu par le management des connaissances dans un contexte béninois. Cette proposition vise à une amélioration des résultats de la réutilisation des connaissances en entreprise.Ainsi, nous sommes parti d‟une interrogation sur l‟existence d‟un modèle de capitalisation des connaissances endogènes pouvant booster le développement des entreprises ouest-africaines en général et béninoises en particulier. Pour vérifier la possibilité de l‟application ou de la transposition de ce modèle traditionnel aux réalités de l‟entreprise, nous nous sommes intéressé aux facteurs pouvant affecter l‟efficacité des processus de transfert pour une capitalisation. Ces facteurs ont été identifiés lors de notre revue de littérature pendant laquelle nous avions constaté une multitude de techniques et d‟approches théoriques permettant d‟appréhender le phénomène. Cependant, au cours de cette recherche, nous sommes partagé entre deux courants de pensée dominants, dans ce champ disciplinaire, que sont le constructivisme et le positivisme.Dans cet élan, nous sommes parti d‟une perspective anthropologique vers la mise en place d‟un dispositif de capitalisation des connaissances en Afrique de l‟ouest. Ainsi, nous nous sommes inspiré de la manière dont les communautés Yoruba Nago du Fa perçoivent la vie de l‟entreprise et la transmission du savoir (quelle connaissance transférée, par quels outils, et l‟impact de ce transfert sur la communauté).Pour atteindre cet objectif évoqué plus haut, nous avons procédé par une méthode exploratoire qualitative auprès des différents acteurs de la communauté de pratique Fa et aussi auprès de certaines entreprises béninoises. Ceci a été fait à travers l‟implémentation (adaptation) d‟un dispositif de capitalisation des connaissances dans l‟entreprise en tenant compte des réalités culturelles et anthropologiques dont le cas est présenté dans cette thèse par une étude empirique. / As the mutation of Humanities and Social Science supported by the disruption of information science paradigms and communication, knowledge organization systems to those worn by knowledge societies, it‟s important to reconsider the relationship between individuals, communities and technology in a learning process environment for knowledge capitalization. The objective of this thesis is to propose a hybrid model of knowledge capitalization supported by knowledge management in Benin context.The aims of this proposal, is to improve the results of the re-use of business knowledge. So we will start with a questioning of the existence of an endogenous knowledge capitalization model which can boost the development of West African enterprises in general and Benin in particular.To verify the possibility of the application or transposition of this traditional model to the realities of the business, we focuse on the factors that may affect the efficiency of the transfer process for capitalization. These factors were identified in our literature review in which we found multitude of techniques and theoretical approaches to understand the phenomenon. However, in this research, we are divided between two dominant schools of thought in this subject area that are constructivism and positivism. In this momentum, we start from an anthropological perspective towards the establishment of a knowledge capitalization system in West Africa. Inspired by the way the Yoruba Nago communities and Fa perceive corporate life and the transmission of knowledge (what knowledge transferred, for which tools and the impact of this transfer on the community).To achieve this goal mention above, we will conduct a qualitative exploratory approach to the various players in the Fa community of practice and also in some enterprises in Benin. This through the implementation (adaptation) of a knowledge capitalization device in the company, taking into account cultural and anthropological realities whose case is presented in this thesis by an empirical study.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The aim of this study is to understand how knowledge is created, shared and used within the fast moving consumer goods distribution centre in the Western Cape (WC). It also aims to understand knowledge sharing between individuals in the organisation. A literature review was conducted, in order to answer the research questions- this covered the background of knowledge management (KM) and KS and its current status with particular reference to SA’s private sector. The study found that technological KM infrastructure, cultural KM infrastructure and organisational KM infrastructure are important enablers of KS. A conceptual model was developed around these concepts. In order to answer the research questions, the study identified a FMCG DC in the WC, where KS is practiced