Orientador: Paulo Celso Miceli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_MarcosAlbertoHorta_D.pdf: 680824 bytes, checksum: f8d8e65d3d717f26f5223d2613369886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A tese deste estudo é que, ao longo do período de 1919 a 1930, ao criticarem as leis do trabalho preconizadas pelo Estado brasileiro, os industriais reclamaram para os patrões a responsabilidade pela integração do trabalhador à ordem do capital, concebendo um projeto político. Esta tese é relacionada aos trabalhos acadêmicos cujas interpretações se impuseram como referência, compreendendo uma reflexão sobre a construção das respectivas diferenças entre os estudos / Abstract: The thesis of this work is that, during the years of 1919 to 1930, the industrials criticized the laws of work established by the State, and complained to them about the responsibility for the integration of the worker towards the capital, forming a political project. This thesis is related to academic works, who's interpretation have been imposed as a reference, making a reflection about construction of respective differences between the studies / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

Development of the economic situation in recent years raises number of issues, including defining what are the factors of this development and whether it is possible to affect them. This thesis deals with the demographic factors of economic growth; those are factors associated with general population and factors which may have an impact on the country's economy. The main aim of this work is to precisely identify the demographic factor and analyze their development in the Czech Republic since the early 1990s to the present days. Furthermore, the economic development is analyzed along with the indicators of economic activity in sorting by various demographic factors. Special attention is given to the status of working foreigners within the labor market. To emphasize the specifics of the development of the various sectors of national economy the construction industry was selected as a case example. The analysis of the employment in the construction industry was conducted in regard to demographic and economic indicators. To illustrate the results of the analysis column, line and pie charts were used in addition to the figures in the tables.

[pt] O presente estudo, apresenta um conjunto de propostas metodológicas relacionadas a reconciliação de previsões em Séries Temporais Hierárquicas. O principal objetivo é apresentar soluções originais ao tema, buscando obter previsões mais acuradas do que as obtidas por modelos independentes para os diferentes níveis da hierarquia. Os estudos foram realizados considerando dados reais, mostrando a potencialidade de aplicação dos métodos desenvolvidos em diferentes cenários, onde as series temporais são estruturadas de forma hierárquica. Esta tese é composta por um conjunto de ensaios que exploram a reconciliação de previsão sob a ótica de um modelo de regressão, que dá origem a reconciliação ótima. A primeira contribuição trata do problema da reconciliação de previsões na perspectiva de estimadores robustos. A proposta apresenta uma contribuição original aplicada a dados dos de pesquisas de força de trabalho no Brasil, apresentando um conjunto de soluções que podem direcionar políticas públicas eficientes. Neste caso, as previsões reconciliadas obtidas através de estimadores robustos possibilitaram um maior ganho em termos acurácia e uma performance equivalente aos métodos que representam o estado da arte sobre reconciliação de previsões em séries temporais hierárquicas. A segunda contribuição trata do problema da reconciliação ótima em séries de consumo de energia no Brasil, apresentado uma proposta alternativa, menos sensível a valores estremos. Os resultados obtidos neste segundo trabalho apresentam melhoramentos consideráveis em métricas de avaliação padrão no que diz respeito as novas previsões. Uma terceira proposta busca oferecer uma estrutura alternativa de covariância dos erros de previsão, que irá ampliar o conjunto de propostas apresentadas na literatura para o método de reconciliação denominado por MinT (do inglês, Minimum Trace) , que minimiza os erros de reconciliação, oferecendo um estimador de variância mínima. / [en] This study presents a set of methodological proposals aimed at improving forecast reconciliation in the context of Hierarchical Time Series. The main objective is to present original solutions to the theme, seeking to obtain more accurate forecasts than those obtained by independent models for the different levels of the hierarchy. The studies were conducted using real data, showing the potentiality of application of the methods developed in different scenarios, in which the time series are structured in a hierarchical fashion. This thesis is composed of a set of essays that explore forecast reconciliation from the perspective of a regression model, which gives foundations to optimal reconciliation. The first contribution addresses the problem of forecast reconciliation from the perspective of robust estimators. The proposal presents an original contribution applied to data from labor force surveys in Brazil, presenting a set of solutions that can drive efficient public policies. In this case, the reconciled forecasts obtained through robust estimators provided consistent gains in terms of accuracy when compared to methods that represent the state-of-the-art on forecast reconciliation in hierarchical time series. The second contribution deals with the problem of optimal reconciliation applied to energy consumption time series in Brazil. We present an alternative proposal, less sensitive to outlying forecasts at the reconciliation stage. The results obtained in this second study show considerable improvements in standard evaluation metrics with regard to the new forecasts. The third proposal seeks to offer robust covariance structures for forecasting errors, which expands the set of strategies presented in the literature. The main contribution is to incorporate robust covariance estimates into the MinT (Minimum Trace) reconciliation approach, which minimizes reconciliation errors, offering an estimator with minimum variance.

This study adds to the existing research concerning ecological relationships between suicide rates, social integration, and urbanicity in the U.S. Age-sex-race adjusted five-year averaged suicide rates for 1993-1997 and various measures of urbanicity are used. Some proposed relationships held true, while others indicate that social integration and urbanicity are so intertwined in their effects on suicide that no clear, unidirectional pattern emerges. The religious affiliation measure captured unique variations in the role religion plays in this relationship; depending on how urbanicity was measured. Findings suggest closer attention needs to be paid to how both urbanicity and religious affiliation are measured. Overall, vast regional variation exists in suicide rates and the role of urbanization can be misunderstood if not properly specified.

No description available.

No description available.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-13T20:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz de Souza Braga.pdf: 2328472 bytes, checksum: 4c21a28ade024286610ee1363829eaa3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T20:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz de Souza Braga.pdf: 2328472 bytes, checksum: 4c21a28ade024286610ee1363829eaa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Doutorado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / O presente estudo encontra-se inserido no Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Gestão e Trabalho em Saúde - NUPGES/CNPq, na Linha de Pesquisa: O cuidado em seu contexto sócio cultural. Apresenta como objetivos: Descrever os aspectos da atuação do enfermeiro de rede básica de saúde que oportunizem à tomada de decisões; Analisar a prática do enfermeiro de rede básica frente à ação-reflexão-ação sobre a utilização da informação em seu cotidiano de trabalho, como um instrumento para tomada de decisões; Discutir implicações da reflexividade sobre a prática do enfermeiro frente a informação em seu cotidiano de trabalho, no que tange a tomada de decisões. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, tendo como participantes doze enfermeiros de rede básica de saúde do município de Niterói/RJ. Como referencial teórico, utilizaram-se as ideias de Donald Schön ao assegurar que é a reflexividade constante sobre a própria prática, quem dará subsídios para encontrar respostas aos impasses que surgem no cotidiano do exercício profissional. Os dados foram analisados através da análise temática indutiva que descreve a indução como um procedimento que consiste de fatos singulares que remonta a uma proposição genérica, tendo sua aplicabilidade a proposições particulares semelhantes. Após da construção do corpus originaram três categorias: Aspectos que oportunizam a atuação do enfermeiro de rede básica para tomada de decisões - A racionalidade técnica como paradigma; as informações no cotidiano da prática do enfermeiro de rede básica e sua tomada de decisão - A racionalidade prática como paradigma; e a reflexividade crítica sobre a prática do enfermeiro de atenção básica frente à informação para tomada de decisão. Confirma-se a Tese de que: A prática do enfermeiro de rede básica de saúde da Fundação Municipal de Saúde do município de Niterói, no que concerne a utilização da informação para a tomada de decisão, ocorre com movimentos reflexivos que visam efetivar a qualidade do seu cotidiano de trabalho, a partir das competências adquiridas e desenvolvidas na prática, indicando a necessidade de formação permanente. O estudo evidenciou a natureza do processo de tomada de decisão subsidiado pelas informações, tendo como referência a experiência e a percepção inter-relacionadas com as características laborais locais, apresentando modelos distintos de decisão em diferentes momentos de atuação da prática profissional / The present study is located within the Nucleus of Studies and Research in Management and Work in Health - NUPGES / CNPq, in the Research Line: Care in its socio-cultural context. It presents as objectives: To describe the aspects of the actions of the nurse of basic health network that opportune to the decision making; To analyze the practice of basic network nurses in relation to action-reflection-action on the use of information in their daily work, as an instrument for decision-making; To discuss the implications of reflexivity on the nurses' practice regarding the information in their daily work, regarding decision making. This is a qualitative study, as case study type, involving twelve nurses from the basic health network of the city of Niterói / RJ. As a theoretical reference, the ideas of Donald Schön were used to assure that it is the constant reflexivity about the practice itself, who will give subsidies to find answers to the impasses that appear in the daily routine of the professional practice. The data were analyzed through the thematic inductive analysis that describes the induction as a procedure that consists of singular facts that goes back to a generic proposition, having its applicability to similar particular propositions. After the construction of the corpus, three categories emerged: Aspects that provide the basic network nurse for decision making - Technical rationality as a paradigm; the information in the daily practice of the basic network nurse and its decision making - Practical rationality as a paradigm; And critical reflexivity about the nurse's practice of basic attention to information for decision-making. It is confirmed that: The practice of the nurse of the basic health network of the Municipal Health Foundation of the city of Niterói, regarding the use of information for decision making, occurs with reflexive movements that aim at effecting the quality of their daily work, from the skills acquired and developed in practice, indicating the need for ongoing formation. The study evidenced the nature of the information-based decision-making process, based on experience and perception related to local labor characteristics, presenting different models of decision-making in different moments of professional practice

Le chapitre 1 évalue l'impact d'une politique publique au Pérou visant à améliorer l'accès à la justice et à réduire la violence contre les femmes. Ce chapitre utilise des données sur les centres de justice pour femmes (CJF) au Pérou, des institutions spécialisées qui emploient principalement des femmes et fournissent des services de police et des services juridiques pour réduire la violence fondée sur le genre. En examinant le déploiement progressif des CJF dans les districts, nous constatons que l'ouverture d'un centre augmente de 40 % le nombre de signalements de crimes spécifiques au genre et réduit d'environ 10 % l'incidence de la violence fondée sur le genre, mesurée par la violence domestique, les féminicides et les hospitalisations pour cause de santé mentale. Nous constatons en outre qu'une diminution de l'exposition des femmes à la violence domestique a des effets intergénérationnels : les CJF augmentent considérablement les investissements en capital humain pour les enfants, ce qui augmente la scolarisation, la présence scolaire et les résultats aux examens. Le chapitre 2 examine l'effet de la fécondité sur les décisions des parents albanais en matière d'offre de travail. Afin d'aborder la question de l'endogénéité potentielle de la décision de fécondité, j'exploite la préférence des parents albanais pour avoir des garçons combinés avec l'instrument de composition du genre des frères et sœurs comme source exogène de variation. En utilisant un échantillon représentatif de parents ayant au moins deux enfants, je constate un effet positif et significatif de la fécondité sur l'offre de travail pour les parents plus jeunes, moins scolarisés ou vivant dans une famille élargie. Les estimations pour les mères montrent qu'elles augmentent l'offre de travail en termes d'heures travaillées et de probabilité de travailler hors secteur rural. De même, la probabilité pour le père de travailler hors secteur rural et d'avoir un deuxième emploi augmente à la suite d'autres naissances. L'analyse de l'hétérogénéité suggère deux mécanismes plausibles : les services de garde offerts par des adultes non-parentaux (grands-parents) dans les familles élargies et les coûts financiers plus élevés liés au maintien d'un plus grand nombre d'enfants. Le chapitre 3 analyse l'effet du déplacement forcé de populations sur l'offre de travail des adultes et la scolarisation des enfants dans le contexte de l'après-guerre au Kosovo. Ce chapitre utilise la guerre du Kosovo de 1998-1999 et les déplacements massifs de population comme une expérimentation naturelle afin d'estimer l'impact du déplacement forcé dû au conflit sur les Kosovars qui sont partis et qui ont décidé de revenir par rapport à ceux qui sont restés pendant la guerre. J'exploite l'intéraction de la variation spatiale de l'intensité du conflit - mesurée par le nombre de victimes et de bombardements - et de la distance à la frontière albanaise comme source de variation exogène dans le statut de déplacement. Les résultats indiquent que les hommes kosovars déplacés sont moins susceptibles d'être employés dans le secteur agricole et de travailler pour leur propre compte, tandis que les femmes kosovares déplacées sont plus susceptibles d'être inactives. La perte d'actifs (terres, bétail, etc.) dans une économie agraire fondée sur les compétences et la perte de réseaux sociaux dans un marché du travail informel pourraient avoir réduit davantage la probabilité de trouver un emploi par rapport aux personnes qui sont restées. Toutefois, peu après le retour au pays, les résultats indiquent également que les hommes et les femmes kosovars déplacés sont plus susceptibles de travailler hors secteur rural, en particulier dans les secteurs de la construction et de l'administration publique, ce qui indique une reprise relativement rapide. En outre, les filles kosovares déplacées sont plus susceptibles d'être inscrites à l'école primaire, mais je ne constate aucun effet sur la scolarisation des garçons. / Chapter 1 evaluates the impact of a policy intervention in Peru aimed at improving access to justice and reducing violence against women. In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence, intra-household bargaining, and investment in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru on all-women's justice centers (WJCs), specialized institutions that mostly employ female officers and provide police and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts/ villages, we find that the opening of a center increases reporting of gender-specific crimes by 40% and reduces the incidence of gender-based violence measured by domestic violence, femicides and hospitalizations due to mental health by about 10%. We find, moreover, that a decrease in the exposure of women to violence has intergenerational effects: WJCs substantially increase human capital investments in children, raising enrollment, attendance, and test scores. These results are consistent with a bargaining model in which women's access to justice determines the threat point. Chapter 2 examines the effect of fertility on labor supply decisions of Albanian parents, with particular attention to the intervening role of childcare provided by grandparents in extended families. In order to address the potential endogeneity in the fertility decision, I exploit Albanian parental preference for having sons combined with the sibling’s sex-composition instrument as an exogenous source of variation. Using a repeated cross-section of parents with at least two children, I find a positive and statistically significant effect of fertility on parental labor supply for those parents who are more likely to be younger, less educated or live in extended families. In particular, IV estimates for mothers show that they increase labor supply, especially in terms of hours worked per week and the likelihood of working off-farm. Similarly, father’s likelihood of working off-farm and having a second occupation increase as a consequence of further childbearing. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that this positive effect might be the result of two plausible mechanisms: childcare provided by non-parental adults in extended families and greater financial costs of maintaining more children. Chapter 3 analyzes the effect of forced displacement on adult’s labor market outcomes and children’s schooling in the context of the post-war Kosovo. This chapter uses the 1998-1999 Kosovo war and the following massive displacement of people as a natural experiment in order to estimate the impact of conflict displacement on Kosovars that left and decided to come back relative to those who stayed in the province. I exploit the interaction of the spatial variation in conflict intensity -as measured by casualties and bombings- and distance to the Albanian border as a source of exogenous variation in the displacement status. Results indicate that displaced Kosovar men are less likely to be employed in the agricultural sector and to work on their own account, while displaced Kosovar women are more likely to be inactive. Loss of assets (e.g. land, livestock) in an agrarian skill-based economy and also loss of social networks in an informal labor market might have further decreased the probability to find employment relative to stayers. However, shortly after the return home, the results also indicate that displaced Kosovar men and women are more likely to be working off-farm, especially in the construction and public administration sectors, which indicates a relatively quick recovery. In addition, displaced Kosovar girls are more likely to be enrolled in primary school, but I find no effect on education for boys. The refugee camp experience might have provided better conditions to young Kosovar girls compared to the precarious pre-war “parallel" education system.

Esta tesis evalúa el papel de las características no deseadas del trabajo - llamadas disamenities - en el contexto del balance entre trabajo y familia. Particularmente, se plantean las siguientes preguntas: ¿es el descenso en el salario de las mujeres luego del nacimiento del primer hijo - llamado child penalty - acompañado por una reducción simultánea en las disamenities?; ¿cuánto salario están dispuestas las madres a sacrificar para reducir las disamenities?; ¿las disamenities propias del trabajo de las madres tienen algún efecto sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de sus hijos? En el capitulo I se describe empíricamente como las características del trabajo de las madres cambian luego del nacimiento del primer hijo y se testea la hipótesis de que si el child penalty se puede explicar como un diferencial salarial compensatorio. En el capitulo II se estima la disposición marginal a pagar de las madres para reducir las disamenities. La estrategia de identificación está basada en la baja por maternidad, la cual constituye un contexto que permite modelar más cabalmente la decisión sobre la participación laboral; y por consiguiente, mejora la metodología existente para estimar la disposición marginal a pagar por parte de las madres. Finalmente, en el capitulo III se investiga el impacto de las disamenities del trabajo de las madres sobre el desarrollo infantil. / This dissertation evaluates the role of job disamenities - job characteristics disliked by workers - in the context of work-family balance. In particular, the following questions are raised. Is the decrease in mothers' wages around first childbirth - the so-called child penalty - accompanied by a simultaneous reduction in job disamenities? How much wage are mothers willing to sacrifice in order to reduce job disamenities? Do disamenities involved in mothers' occupations go on to affect parenting behaviour and as a result harm children's cognitive development? Chapter I provides empirical evidence for changes in maternal working conditions around first childbirth and tests the hypothesis if the child penalty can be explained by a compensating wage differential? Chapter II estimates mothers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce job disamenities. The identification strategy relies on the framework of maternal leave, a setting which allows us to model mothers' decision to join the labor force accurately and hence to improve on the existing methodology to estimate the marginal willingness to pay. Chapter III investigates how disamenities involved in mothers' occupation go on to affect children's cognitive outcomes.

Prevailing low fertility rates in several European states, such as Germany, have been studied widely in recent years. Findings include discrepancies between fertility preference and actual family size as well as between fertility intentions and fertility behavior; an ‘unmet need’ for children found on the individual and the societal level. Fertility preference is specified as the individual ideal number of children, and fertility intentions as the long- or short-term plans to have a child. Apart from investigating the rates of realization, these measures have been understudied. The objective of this study is to illuminate a new angle of low fertility rates in Germany by reviewing fertility measures previously considered to be stable predictors of fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate the stability of fertility preferences and of positive short-term fertility intentions of Germans in their reproductive age. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior and the life-course perspective, attitudes and experiences can influence fertility preferences and short-term fertility intentions. In this study, the suspected connection between unstable preferences and intentions and certain attitudes towards and experiences with the career, working life, and childcare situation is examined. These processes are expected to differ between men and women, and between childless individuals, parents with one child and parents with more than one child. Using data from seven survey waves of the German family panel pairfam, fixed-effects and random-effects regression models are run separately for women and men and for those of different parities. The results suggest that those with high career importance and those who expect or perceive a negative effect of children on the career are more likely to have unstable positive intentions. Although fertility preferences are shown to be somewhat unstable, no relevant relationships can be found. The differences between the findings on men and women regarding relevant determinants and direction of the relationships are unexpectedly small. Childless individuals are as likely to hold unstable preferences and intentions as parents.