Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Diante das atuais exigÃncias ambientais e uma possÃvel instabilidade no mercado internacional de petrÃleo, o processo de SÃntese de Fischer-Tropsch (SFT) representa uma nova trajetÃria tecnolÃgica na busca de combustÃveis alternativos limpos. A SFT Ã uma reaÃÃo de polimerizaÃÃo, na qual o gÃs de sÃntese (H2 + CO) reage na presenÃa de um catalisador produzindo uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos. A fim de se estudar o efeito das condiÃÃes operacionais (temperatura e pressÃo) e do teor de lÃtio como promotor em catalisadores de ferro para a (SFT) foram sintetizados trÃs catalisadores suportados em sÃlica. A composiÃÃo desses catalisadores em base molar seguiu o padrÃo: 100Fe/5Cu/24K/240SiO2, variando apenas a concentraÃÃo de lÃtio, em 06Li, 12Li e 24Li. Os catalisadores foram caracterizados atravÃs das tÃcnicas de fluorescÃncia de raios-X, difraÃÃo de raios-X, anÃlise termogravimÃtrica, anÃlise textural e reduÃÃo a temperatura programada. Foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial para cada catalisador e as variÃveis respostas selecionadas foram o nÃmero mÃdio de carbono (Nm), a dispersÃo e a curtose da distribuiÃÃo dos produtos. A pressÃo variou de 240 a 270ÂC e a pressÃo de 20 a 30 atm. As reaÃÃes foram conduzidas em um reator de leito de lama de alta pressÃo e os produtos gerados foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e identificados atravÃs de padrÃes internos e quantificados a partir de balanÃos molares e programa computacional de estimativa de Ãrea dos picos. A distribuiÃÃo de hidrocarbonetos resultantes da reaÃÃo da SÃntese de Fischer-Tropsch apresentou comportamento de uma distribuiÃÃo normal para fraÃÃo diesel e graxa, semelhante ao comportamento de uma Gaussiana para todos os catalisadores nas condiÃÃes estudadas. Os produtos lÃquidos obtidos nas corridas experimentais da SFT sÃo constituÃdos principalmente de n-parafinas. Os resultados de todos os experimentos para os trÃs tipos de catalisador apresentaram quantidades significativas de n-parafinas na faixa de 20 a 36 Ãtomos de carbono. A anÃlise estatÃstica da perturbaÃÃo das variÃveis independentes do processo (temperatura, pressÃo e concentraÃÃo de lÃtio no catalisador) sobre o nÃmero mÃdio de carbonos mostra que apenas a concentraÃÃo de lÃtio no catalisador tem um efeito significativo para um intervalo de confianÃa de 90%. A concentraÃÃo de lÃtio apresenta influÃncia negativa, indicando que sua utilizaÃÃo desfavorece a produÃÃo de hidrocarbonetos de maior peso molecular. / New environmental regulations and a possible instability in the international oil market have led to a renewal interest in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS), which is an alternative to produce more environmental friendly fuels. The FTS is a polymerization reaction, in which syngas (H2 + CO) reacts in the presence of catalyst to produce hydrocarbons. Three iron-based catalysts supported in silica and promoted with lithium were synthesized and the effects of lithium content and operating conditions (temperature and pressure) were studied. The composition of the catalysts was based on 100Fe/5Cu/24K/240SiO2 (molar basis) with varying lithium concentration 06Li, 12Li e 24Li. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, textural analysis and temperature programming reduction. An experimental planning was carried out for each catalyst, varying the temperature from 240 to 270 ÂC and the pressure from 20 to 30 atm. The answer variables were the average carbon number (Nm), dispersion and curtosis of the product distribution. The reactions were carried out in a slurry bed reactor and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography. The products were identified by means of internal standards and quantified by mass balance. The product distribution of the FTS presented a normal distribution in the diesel and wax region. The distribution was similar to a Gaussian curve for all catalysts. The liquid products consisted mainly of n-parafins. The results for all catalysts presented significant quantities of n-parafins in the range of 20 to 36 carbons. The perturbation analysis of the independent variables (temperature, pressure and lithium content) showed that only the lithium content has a significant effect over the average carbon number, at a 90% confidence level. The lithium content presented a negative effect over the average carbon number.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-02-02T13:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruvier Rodrigues Pereira - 2018.pdf: 24207459 bytes, checksum: 94fa95ed93dc7a1c42a8b41aea55d2e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-02T14:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruvier Rodrigues Pereira - 2018.pdf: 24207459 bytes, checksum: 94fa95ed93dc7a1c42a8b41aea55d2e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-02T14:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruvier Rodrigues Pereira - 2018.pdf: 24207459 bytes, checksum: 94fa95ed93dc7a1c42a8b41aea55d2e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The volume of solid waste produced is increasing disorderly and harmful to nature, since they are not given him proper purposes. As waste that can be used in the manufacture of concrete bricks is the waste tire rubber, which is a major cause of environmental problems, and the cementitious waste generated in concrete plants, called Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW). The overall objective of this study will then be to determine a concrete trait for brick production, containing the highest percentages of concrete sludge waste and tire rubber granulate together. To do so, the applicability of the residues was analyzed separately in Studies 1 and 2, and later jointly in Study 3, that the Central Composite Delineation of Rotational was used as experimental planning and the data evaluated through Response Surface Methodology, and Study 4, being the waste tire rubber granulate replacing the aggregate and the Concrete Sludge Waste in its dry state (CSW-S) to the cement. The physical-chemical characterization of the aggregates and the test of resistance to compression and water absorption of the bricks were performed. The results showed that it is feasible to use CSW-S and waste tire rubber granulate, but the higher the rubber percentage, the lower the compressive strength and the higher the water absorption, the rubber substitution limit is dependent on the aggregate used and the molding conditions, as well as the trace used. However, the CSW-S did not present significant effects when compared to those of the rubber, thus, replacements of higher percentages could be made. There is then an optimal trace with about 4% rubber aggregate substitution and approximately 15% LRC-S, replacing the cement. However, it can be affirmed that the use of concrete bricks with residue for sealing is technically feasible, in order to reduce the volume of discarded waste, obtain a cheaper product and still meet the criteria required by the standards. / O volume de resíduos sólidos produzido vem aumentando de modo desordenado e prejudicial à natureza, uma vez que não são dados a ele fins adequados. Como resíduos passíveis de se utilizar na fabricação de tijolos de concreto se tem a borracha de pneus, que é um grande causador de problemas ambientais, e o resíduo cimentício gerado em usinas de concreto, denominado de Lama Residual do Concreto (LRC). O objetivo geral deste estudo será, então, determinar um traço de concreto para produção de tijolos, que contenha maiores porcentagens de resíduos de usinas de concreto e de borracha de pneu, conjuntamente. Para tanto, foram analisadas a aplicabilidade dos resíduos separadamente, nos Estudos 1 e 2, e posteriormente de forma conjunta no Estudo 3, que foi utilizado o Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional como planejamento experimental e os dados avaliados via Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, e Estudo 4, sendo o granulado de borracha em substituição ao agregado e a Lama Residual do Concreto em seu estado seco (LRC-S) ao cimento. Foram realizadas a caracterização físico-química dos agregados e ensaio de resistência à compressão e absorção de água dos tijolos. Os resultados mostraram que é viável se utilizar a LRC-S e o granulado de borracha de pneu, porém quanto maior a porcentagem de borracha, menor será a resistência à compressão e maior será a absorção de água, sendo que o limite de substituição da borracha é dependente do agregado empregado e das condições de moldagem, bem como do traço utilizado. Já a LRC-S não apresentou efeitos significativos se comparados com aqueles da borracha, podendo ser feitas, assim, substituições de maiores porcentagens. Tem-se, então, um traço ótimo com cerca de 4% de substituição do agregado por borracha e com aproximadamente 15% de LRC-S, em substituição ao cimento. Contudo, pode se afirmar que a utilização de tijolos de concreto com resíduo para vedação é viável tecnicamente, de forma a diminuir o volume de resíduos descartados, obter um produto mais barato e ainda atender aos critérios exigidos pelas normas.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T12:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveira.pdf: 883492 bytes, checksum: fb20cbb399eb197086af884c019a5c4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:38:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveira.pdf: 883492 bytes, checksum: fb20cbb399eb197086af884c019a5c4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:38:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveira.pdf: 883492 bytes, checksum: fb20cbb399eb197086af884c019a5c4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / Neste estudo foi avaliado in vitro o selamento marginal em restaurações classe II com resina composta nanoparticulada utilizando cinco diferentes agentes de limpeza cavitária por meio de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Vinte e cinco molares humanos hígidos foram utilizados, nos quais foram realizadas cavidades tipo slot vertical, mesial e distal, com término gengival abaixo da junção esmalte-cemento. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos, de acordo com o agente de limpeza empregado (n=10): Grupo Controle – uso de jato de ar/água; Grupo I – solução de ácido fosfórico a 10%; Grupo II – solução de ácido cítrico a 10%; Grupo III – solução de Clorexidina a 2%; Grupo IV – solução de EDTA a 17%. As cavidades foram restauradas com sistema adesivo convencional de três passos Scotchbond Multi-purpose eresina composta nanoparticulada Z350 ambos da 3M-ESPE. Os espécimes foram submetidos à 5000 ciclos com temperaturas de 5ºC + 2ºC e 55ºC+ 2ºC, em banhos alternados de 30 segundos cada. Posteriormente, os espécimes foram imersos por 24 horas em solução de nitrato de prata amoniacal, em seguida em revelador radiográfico por 8 horas sob luz fluorescente. Foram seccionados no sentido mesio-distal para avaliação da microinfiltração marginal em microscopio óptico e eletrônico de varredura por meio de escores. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística pelo teste nãoparamétrico de Kruskal Wallis, e análise de Variância de Mann-Whitney com significância de 5%. Pode-se concluir que a substância desmineralizante EDTA foi o agente de limpeza cavitária que teve maior percentual de escore 3, logo menor occorrência de microinfiltraçãol quando comparado as demais substâncias testadas. O ácido cítrico a 10% apresentou piores resultados, não sendo, portanto seu uso indicado como agente de limpeza cavitária. Em relação ao ácido fosfórico 10%, Clorexidina a 2% e a água destilada, os mesmos não tiverem diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Sendo assim, diante dos resultados não se pode afirmar que as substâncias desmineralizantes são mais eficazes que as não desmineralizantes, quando avaliados em microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. / This study evaluated the in vitro microleakage in class II restorations with composite nanoparticles using five different cleaning agents cavity by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-five human molars were used, which were performed in the vertical slot type cavities, mesial and distal gingival ending below the cemento-enamel junction. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups, according to the cleaning agent used (n = 10): control group - use of air jet / water; Group I - solution of phosphoric acid 10%, Group II - solution citric acid 10%, Group III - Chlorhexidine Solution 2% and Group IV - EDTA solution to 17%. The cavities were restored with conventional adhesive system of three steps Scotchbond Multi-purpose composite nanoparticle eresina both Z350 3M ESPE. The specimens were subjected to 5000 cycles with temperatures of 5 º C + 2 º C and 55 º C + 2 º C in alternating baths of 30 seconds each. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed for 24 hours in a solution of ammoniacal silver nitrate, then in radiographic developer for 8 hours under fluorescent light. Were sectioned mesio-distal to evaluate the microleakage in optical microscope and scanning electron microscope by means of scores. The results were statistically analyzed by the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test with significance level of 5%. It can be concluded that the substance EDTA demineralization was cleaning agent cavity that had the greatest number of scores 3, lower right occorrência microinfiltraçãol when compared to the other substances tested. Citric acid 10% had worse outcomes, and therefore not its intended use as a cleaning agent cavity. Relative to 10% phosphoric acid, Chlorhexidine 2% and distilled water, they do not have statistically significant differences. Thus, before the results can not be said that the demineralizing substances are more effective than non demineralization, when evaluated in light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

This study illustrates the link between foreign policy, public diplomacy and the media, with reference to the South African Government’s refusal in 2009 and 2011 to issue visas to the Dalai Lama. The research question is: How do the South African media frame foreign policy and how do administrators react to this actuality? As there seems to be a void in South African international political communications, this is where this study purports to contribute. The aim is to investigate how the media frames foreign policy, specifically regarding the case study. Therefore, the media, human rights and foreign policies, and the diplomatic practices of the South African government are studied. The objective is not necessarily to prove or disprove the causal effect of media and public opinion on foreign policy but rather to illustrate the interaction between these elements in the case of the South African government’s denial of visas to the Dalai Lama. / Political Sciences / M.A. (International Politics)

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics between spirituality and development. The point of departure for the study took place in Rishikesh and Dharamsala, in India. Our main object was to examine the role of the Divine Life Society (DLS), in Rishikesh and the Tibetan government in exile, in Dharamsala, in terms of local development. To achieve a solid platform regarding the theoretical framework, relevant studies were made in Hinduism and Buddhism. The study shows that there is a connection between religion and development. Nevertheless, this connection is not unequivocal, hence, in comparison, the results shows differences between the two objects studied. The conclusion of this study is that although there is a connection between spirituality and local development, spirituality in itself doesn’t mean development.

In this research, Lua Nazerian examines the conceptualization of three different statements given by leaders of the Bahá'í, Catholic, and Tibetan Buddhist faiths on the topic of world peace. Moreover, through a comparative analysis, each conceptualization was examined in light of the different degrees they agree or contradict each other and whether a coherent contribution could be made to a common concept of world peace. The research was conducted in two stages, first, through the thematic analysis method some major principles and overarching themes specific to each statement and relevant to the concept of world peace were identified, followed by a comparative analysis with the support of two operative questions. Furthermore, as there are multiple challenges with studying the abstract and complex concepts of peace and religious voices, the study was conducted through the lens of the statements rather than through religions to avoid this pitfall. It was found that while determining the overall coherence of each perspective, some common philosophical premises and core understandings of human nature and interconnectedness appeared to cohere. Meanwhile, some fundamental differences arose on the level of theological starting points that affected the overarching approach to world peace as such. However, these differences did not contradict a coherent contribution of a common conceptualization of world peace. Although the findings of this research are in the emerging stages of the evolution of further research, the contribution of its undertaking is of value to the field of religion in peace and conflict studies.

For many decades, Buddhism in the West has been conceived as an ‘other-worldly’ religion with very little or –at least—limited authority in the public arena. This partial view of the Buddhist path overlooks the potential of Buddhism to interpret reality and help establish new causes and conditions to improve it. This thesis is rooted in Buddhism and seeks to develop a Buddhist theology in order to understand how international relations, as part of the contingent reality, are subject to change. Thus there is the possibility of reconstructing reality through the sum of individual will expressed in social groups, institutions and states. This Theology of International Relations follows a methodology of causality rooted in the dependent origination found in Buddhist theology. Thus, relative reality is conceived as the result of the interaction of different causes and conditions; individuals, through their thoughts and actions, provide new conditions which will be crystallized in particular social arrangements through an inter-subjective consensus. This arrangement is highly influenced by the individual’s allegiance with the sacred, however this is conceived, and thus establishes an ethical guideline in the individual’s relationship with other sentient beings and the ultimate level of existence. This dependent construction of reality goes from the individual level of analysis to the social, state, interstate and global levels in a chain of contingent reality. Therefore I suggest that states, institutions and society are the reflection of shared ideas, beliefs, goals and perceptions of reality between individuals. The human capacity to shape reality is rooted in the premise that they face a relative reality, one that is contingent on several causes and conditions. In Buddhism, all sentient beings play a key role in shaping reality but human beings play a unique role because they can overcome suffering when they recognize the interdependent relation of causes and conditions in a relative reality. If this is achieved, then absolute reality can be experienced, wherein the individual goes beyond all conceptions and senses in a state of emptiness of the self. These core ideas of a contingent reality, its construction through an inter-subjective consensus and the need to experience an absolute reality are premises which Buddhist theology developed and which this thesis explores. In chapter one this thesis considers the basis of Buddhist theology and how it explains the experience of the sacred, the role of religion and the potential for the construction of a relative reality. This thesis argues that religion is at the core of human existence as a vessel of faith which follows a particular theological path toward a communion with the divine. The Buddhist path, aware of the interaction of different levels of reality—relative and absolute—also conceives inner development and social change as key elements of an interdependent transformation. The idea of ‘world peace through inner peace’ is one advocated by ‘engaged Buddhists’ and found in the ethical code of Buddha’s message. Chapter two examines how international relations became the arena where individuals, institutions and states converge and reflect the basic premises of their world-views, whether rooted in anger, hatred and ignorance of the interdependent nature of all phenomena, or based in compassion and awareness of a shared common good. In addition, it addresses the issue of the resurgence of religion in international relations and how it is present or absent from political science theories and policy making. Through this analysis, several established elements such as the concept of the state, secularism and religion as a source of war, are challenged in a new era of multi-agency and mutual influence through religious ideas, groups and communities. Following this inter-subjective construction of the world, the thesis presents two case studies which argue that religious leaders exercise political influence through their actions, ideas and beliefs. The first is the life and works of Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in chapter three and the second is the life of Archbishop Desmond Tutu in chapter four. The former having suffered the violent occupation of Tibet and the continuous attacks on Tibetan culture that led him into exile, and the latter having faced the policies of hatred under apartheid, the Dalai Lama and Tutu managed to suggest a world where forgiveness is rooted in compassion and were human beings share the responsibility of creating a compassionate reality. The final chapter develops a new approach to the study of religion and politics providing new variables of study and new categories to understand how international relations are influenced by religious ideas and movements. This thesis argues that there is a need to study and understand this interdependent relation between religious and secular actors through theoretical approaches in international relations and opens the discipline to new paradigms such as the Buddhist theological approach. The outcome of this partnership depends on the individual’s decision to engage, whether in negative causation that leads to violence, fear, terror and the perpetuation of suffering or in a positive one which opens the possibility of peace and liberation from suffering through compassion, forgiveness and reconciliation, recognizing our common humanity and shared universal responsibility.

No description available.

Investigar a eficácia da lama negra brasileira como tratamento para inflamação em modelos experimentais de artrite. O efeito antiinflamatório de aplicações de lama foi comparado ao tratamento com água aquecida e ausência de tratamento em modelos experimentais de artrite e osteoartrite induzidas em coelhos e em ratos, visando parâmetros inflamatórios e cartilagem. O tratamento com lama melhorou a infiltração de leucócitos e exerceu um efeito protetor parcial na sinóvia e cartilagem. Nossos resultados sugerem que a lama brasileira apresenta efeito antiinflamatório e pode ser útil como um método complementar ao tratamento de pacientes com doenças articulares crônicas / Investigate the effectiveness of a Brazilian black mud as treatment for inflammation in experimental models of arthritis. Effects of mud applications was compared with warm water and no treatment in experimental models of arthritis and osteoarthritis induced in rabbits and in rats, regarding inflammatory parameters and cartilage. Treatment with mud impaired leukocyte infiltration which was followed by a partial protective effect on synovium and cartilage. Our results show that Brazilian mud presents an anti-inflammatory effect and can be useful as a complementary approach to treat patients with chronicle articular diseases

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-07-01T22:18:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EstudoAvaliacaoUso.pdf: 10721559 bytes, checksum: 776cb6f028a953bd6df65c698c045f19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho(irvana@ufpa.br) on 2013-07-02T12:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EstudoAvaliacaoUso.pdf: 10721559 bytes, checksum: 776cb6f028a953bd6df65c698c045f19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-02T12:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EstudoAvaliacaoUso.pdf: 10721559 bytes, checksum: 776cb6f028a953bd6df65c698c045f19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03 / A grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos, oriundos da indústria de mineração e metalurgia, constitui um sério problema sócio-ambiental. As características físicoquímicas destes resíduos despertam grande interesse para outras indústrias. A indústria cerâmica pode ser uma interessante consumidora da maioria deste material, para suprir a grande escassez das reservas de matérias-primas atual. Neste contexto, este trabalho mostra os estudos realizados para a reciclagem da lama vermelha, como matéria-prima na produção de agregado sintético, visando à construção civil. A lama vermelha, principal rejeito industrial da fabricação de alumina, mostrou-se um insumo de grande interesse na fabricação de diferentes tipos de agregado para ser utilizado na produção de concreto, para a construção civil. Pelas suas características físico-químicas e a grande quantidade que é produzida anualmente (cerca de 10.000.000 t em duas fábricas, só no Norte do Brasil). Estudos realizados neste trabalho mostram a possibilidade de fabricação de agregados, com diferentes propriedades e possibilidades de aplicação, na indústria da construção civil. Estas propriedades dependem do controle de parâmetros, como o teor de sílica livre e argila, a granulometria e a temperatura de sinterização. Tais variáveis permitem controlar perfeitamente a formação de fase vítrea que é a responsável pelas propriedades dos agregados como: porosidade, resistência mecânica e densidade. Este material pode ser utilizado em concreto convencional ou em concretos especiais, para atender a demanda da construção civil. / The large amount of solid waste coming from mines and metallurgical industries became a serious social-environmental problem. The physical and chemical features of this material can raise a great interest in other industries. The ceramic industry might be a great costumer for most of this material, since it can supply the current lack of raw material. The red mud, main industrial residue of the alumina manufacturing, has been a very interesting input for several kinds of aggregates manufacturing used for the concrete production in civil engineering. In this context, this paper deals with studies concerning the red mud recycling to be applied as raw material for the synthetic light aggregate production to be used as an alternative material in the civil construction industry. This is because of its physical-chemical features and the large amount annually produced (around 10 million tons within two factories in the North of Brazil). The studies completed in this work show the feasibility of aggregates manufacturing, with different properties and possibilities. These properties depend on the parameters control such as content of free silica and clay, and the sintering temperature. Such variables allow to perfectly controlling the glassy phase formation which is responsible for the aggregate properties such as: porosity, mechanical resistance and density. This material can be used for conventional or special concretes to supply the civil engineering needs.