This study investigates the impact that certain constructs of Leader Member Exchange (LMX) between supervisors and shop floor workers of South African manufacturing firms have on the willingness of the shop floor workers to introduce new ideas. In particular, the constructs; trust, development of skills and inclusion of the worker is examined. Since shop-floor workers are intimately involved with their day to day operations and work at the coalface, the ideas recommended by these individuals are suggested to often be antecedents of innovation. By gaining an understanding of the relationship between the aforementioned LMX constructs and the willingness of shop floor workers to introduce new ideas, certain modes of behavioural interaction can be implemented in order to enhance shop floor innovation. It is argued that such strategic intervention in turn will result in shop floor innovation as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation.The primary data was collected through physical interviews using a questionnaire that addresses all the mentioned constructs. All of the 50 dyads were usable in the correlation and regression models run. The outcome of this research supports the literature that trust and inclusion are positively correlated with the willingness of shop floor workers to introduce new ideas. Notably was the extent to which workers and supervisors perceived levels of worker inclusion differently. The regression analysis reveals that some of the willingness of workers to introduce new ideas can be explained by the presence of all three explanatory variables namely, trust, development and inclusion. The research has shown that trust contributes to willingness of workers to introduce new ideas, but in contrast to literature, development has a negative impact. The results provide insight into the relationships between these constructs and the willingness of shop floor workers in South African manufacturing firms to introduce new ideas. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Studien syftar till att förstå attityder och upplevelser hos medarbetare inom social omsorg gällande en personlig relation med deras närmaste chef samt vad denna relation har för betydelse för medarbetarens sociala arbetsmiljö, samt dennes önskan att stanna kvar på arbetsplatsen. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare inom social omsorg har dessa fenomen undersökts i denna studie. Det empiriska materialet har studerats med stöd av framförallt LMX-teorin och teorier om vänskap. Resultatet visar att medarbetare inom social omsorg inte har en önskan om en vänskapsrelation med sin närmaste chef men att de värdesätter en relation med sin närmaste chef som präglas av drag som typiskt återfinns i en vänskapsrelation - tillit, öppenhet, omtanke och lyhördhet. Vidare visar studien att risken för särbehandling ökar på arbetsplatsen om privata vänskapsrelationer uppstår mellan chef och medarbetare. De roller som finns på arbetsplatsen används av medarbetare för att kunna förhålla sig professionellt under arbetstid men även för att kunna skydda sig från att ha konkurrerande lojaliteter mellan vänner och arbetsuppgifter.

AbstractPersonalomsättning i svenska förskolor har ökat kraftigt under de senaste åren. Forskning visar att hög personalomsättning kan påverka negativt när det kommer till barns utveckling och lärande. Syftet med föreliggande examensarbete är att undersöka faktorer för personalomsättning i Malmös förskolor under en viss period. Vad är det som leder till att det hela tiden sker personalbyte i förskolans värld? Dessutom undersöks huruvida personalomsättningen skiljer sig mellan två olika stadsdelar i Malmö. Studiens forskningsmaterial har samlats genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där en enkätundersökning med några frågor gjordes på ett antal utvalda förskolor, i två olika stadsdelar i Malmö. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en ledarskapsteori, leader-member exchange theory. Resultatet av föreliggande studie visar att personalomsättning alltid har funnits i svenska förskolor men den har ökat under senaste åren. Det kan finnas åtskilliga faktorer för personalomsättning i förskolan men en svag och/eller dålig relation till ledningen, arbetstillfredställande, privata faktorer såsom lön och närhet till hemmet samt arbetsförhållanden är de största anledningar som leder till personalomsättningen i Malmös förskolor.

This applied dissertation was a study of the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a federal government organization in Washington, DC. As a result of the organization’s business and leadership challenges, understanding the relationship between a leader and a follower and extra-role behaviors may help to understand how high-quality relationships are developed with staff members that are productive and motivate staff to extend their efforts beyond normal expectations. Productive high-quality relationships demonstrate loyalty, consideration, and affect towards the organization and its leaders. Understanding the relationship between LMX and OCB in a federal government organization may help to produce greater awareness of the factors that lead to high-quality leader-member relationships. Knowing the characteristics of high-quality relationships may promote extra-role behaviors enabling increased job satisfaction and greater results. Federal organizations find that many employees have low job satisfaction. In addition, only 38% of federal workers believe leaders generate high levels of commitment. The researcher employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design that included surveys and interviews. The sample study was composed of 50 paired dyads from 433 employees of the target federal agency selected using convenience sampling. Survey instruments were used for demographics, LMX, and OCB to gather data. The results from the LMX and OCB instruments were used to formulate interview questions for a select group from the core sample represented by the top and bottom 5% of raw survey score totals. The targeted federal organization should benefit from this study. The results showed how differences in the quality of the relationship between a leader and a follower related to OCB, or extra-role behaviors and led to recommendations on leader-subordinate relationships.

Emoticons have been shown to be the nonverbal cues of computer-mediated communication and could therefore be a rich source of information, but they are not used in the workplace because they are considered unprofessional. This study aimed to look at the effects of emoticons on relationships, specifically between a leader and member. Participants were asked to read a fake email from a fake boss and answer several questions in regard to leader-member exchange, affective presence, perceived message positivity, perceived masculinity/femininity of the fake boss, and perceived professionalism. This study found that the use of a positive emoticon in an email message increased leader-member exchange, mediated by positive affective presence (though the use of the emoticon and positive affective presence were not linked). This study also found that when participants received a message with an emoticon, they found the sender to be both more feminine and less professional.

<p>Previous research has established that supervisor’s play an important role in conveying performance management strategies and influencing an employee’s job experience. Notably, there has been a growing area of research of how Implicit Person Theory (IPT) can contribute to supervisors’ coaching and management styles. Research within the more recent years has shown that IPT has indirect effects on the employee experience. The current study expands upon both IPT and performance management literature, by examining how an employee perceives their Supervisor’s IPT, their supervisor’s coaching style of support for developmental opportunities, and the employee’s related job outcomes of: Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Satisfaction with Supervisor. Results from 388 men and women in various industries and organizations suggest that Perceived Supervisor IPT is related to developmental opportunities within the workplace. Additionally, we found support for Supervisor IPT being indirectly related to employees’ Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Satisfaction with Supervisor via Perceived Developmental Opportunities. When adding Employee IPT to our mediated model, we only found marginally significant support for employees’ Satisfaction with Supervisor. Additionally, we controlled for Leader Member Exchange (LMX) within our moderated mediation model and found non- significant interactions on the indirect path of Perceived Developmental Opportunities on all three employee outcomes and obtained non-significant mediations nested within our greater model. Within our exploratory analyses we found evidence of IPT interaction between an employee and supervisor predicting LMX, Turnover Intentions, and Job Satisfaction. Ultimately, this research contributes to performance management, IPT, and LMX research by providing evidence of how a developmental coaching style of providing opportunities to employees can influence the employees’ job experience and is related to their perceptions of their leader.</p>

Ambivalence is the experience of both positive and negative evaluations regarding an object such as a person or an event. Although interest in leadership ambivalence has been growing among researchers, there is still little understanding of what distinguishes it from poor leadership. The goal of this dissertation was to contribute to the leadership ambivalence literature by examining ambivalence in the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship through the lens of occupational stress. Specifically, I used the job demands-resources model as a theoretical foundation and presented leadership ambivalence as a unique job demand that is associated with emotional exhaustion as a symptom of strain after controlling for LMX quality. I also examined the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of various personal resources. While leadership ambivalence was not a significant direct predictor of emotional exhaustion, the results supported rumination as a mediator of a significant indirect relationship between the two variables. Optimism, tolerance for ambiguity, and neuroticism were not significant moderators of the effect of leadership ambivalence. However, internal locus of control moderated the relationship between leadership ambivalence and rumination such that the relationship was stronger for those with low internality. In further supplementary analysis, the results were validated using an alternative measure of leadership ambivalence.

Submitted by GIOVANNA SOUZA PEREIRA (giovanna_adm@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-10T11:26:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2017-01-17T11:47:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T11:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / There are several approaches and theoretical perspectives that attempt to explain the impact of the relationship between leaders and followers in individual and organizational results. However, there are few studies that aim to determine important characteristics of a leader that can affect the quality of this relationship and, consequently, the results. This study contributes to research in this area, analyzing the impact of the leader humility on performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of employees, mediated by quality of the leadermember relationship. The research hypotheses proposed exploit the leader-member exchange (LMX) as a means through which the leader humility influences the results of subordinates. In addition, it is proposed that managerial efficacy moderates the relationship between leader humility and LMX. To test the empirical validity of the proposed model, a field study was conducted in an oil, natural gas and energy Brazilian company. The proposed relations were examined in a sample of 196 employees from the operational area of two oil refineries, with application of a structured closed questionnaire and use of the quantitative data analysis method. In general, results provide support for the proposed hypothesis, suggesting that the higher humility leader, the better their relationship with members and, hence, the better the results of performance and organizational citizenship behavior of employees. Contributions, theoretical and practical implications, limitations and directions for future research are offered. / Diversas são as abordagens e perspectivas teóricas que buscam explicar o impacto da relação entre líderes e liderados nos resultados individuais e organizacionais. No entanto, ainda são poucas as pesquisas que têm como objetivo determinar características importantes do líder que podem afetar a qualidade dessa relação e, consequentemente, os resultados. O presente estudo contribui para a pesquisa nessa área ao analisar o impacto da humildade do líder no desempenho e no comportamento de cidadania organizacional (OCB) dos empregados, mediado pela qualidade da relação entre líderes e liderados. As hipóteses de pesquisa propostas exploram a qualidade da relação líder-liderado (LMX) como meio através do qual a humildade do líder influencia os resultados dos subordinados. Além disso, propõe-se uma relação de moderação da eficácia gerencial na relação entre humildade do líder e LMX. Para testar a validade empírica do modelo proposto, foi realizado um estudo de campo em uma empresa brasileira da indústria de óleo, gás natural e energia. As relações propostas foram examinadas em uma amostra de 196 empregados da área operacional de duas refinarias de petróleo, com aplicação de um questionário fechado estruturado e utilização do método quantitativo de análise de dados. De maneira geral, os resultados fornecem suporte para as hipóteses propostas, sugerindo que, quanto maior a humildade do líder, melhor sua relação com os liderados e, consequentemente, melhores os resultados de desempenho e de comportamento de cidadania organizacional dos empregados. Contribuições, implicações teóricas e práticas, limitações e direções para futuras pesquisas são oferecidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Derly Jardim do Amaral.pdf: 1303669 bytes, checksum: bdbed4159c19b330d3238392f94f5448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The study of organizational behavior has called the attention of the researchers interested in understanding the phenomenon of the leadership exerted in the organizations. The range of possibilities of these studies permeates several levels of analysis. The intention of this work was to identify and to analyze the factors that stimulate the relationships' construction in a dyadic level. The Leader-Member Exchange Theory - LMX, was adopted as the basic reference, not yet explored in Brazil. In LMX´s theory, high quality relationship is based on loyalty, affection, contribution and professional respect, this fourth dimension, recently discovered. The instrument chosen for this study was the one elaborated from Liden and Maslyn (1998) added with some assertive created on assumptions from the Theory of the Social Identity and the Theory of the self-categorization, both interpreted in literature as the bases of the construction of the dyadic relationship. The instrument was applied on a sample of 255 individuals. The result analysis permits to affirm that the four dimensions of LMX, except contribution, presented a correlation, among them and with the other variables of the study. The factor grouping obtained indicated that the Professional Respect dimension agglutinates the dimensions of the social identity and the auto-categorization giving evidence that the respondents perceive themselves as pertaining to the leader s closest circle. It was also verified that the perception of the quality of the relationship and the gender of the respondents were useful to discriminate the priorities given to the construction of this relationship. On the other hand, the same was not observed when it came to the type of company s respondent or to the elapsed time of dyadic relationship. Another outcome of the study was an acceptable structural model for formative and reflective variables. As a conclusion, high quality dyadic relationships can influence the results of personal performance, hence deserving, attention and investment from organizations. / O estudo do comportamento organizacional tem chamado à atenção dos pesquisadores interessados em compreender o fenômeno da liderança exercida nas organizações. A gama de possibilidades que estes estudos apresentam se dá em vários níveis de análise. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de identificar e analisar os fatores que estimulam a construção de relacionamentos no nível diádico. Adotou como referência fundamental a Teoria da Troca entre Líder e Liderado LMX, conhecida, em inglês, como Leader-Member Exchange Theory LMX e ainda não explorada no Brasil. Para a LMX, o relacionamento de alta qualidade é formado a partir da lealdade, do afeto, da contribuição e do respeito profissional, sendo essa uma quarta dimensão recentemente descoberta. Optou-se por utilizar o instrumento elaborado por Liden e Maslyn (1998). Foram adicionadas a esse instrumento assertivas concebidas a partir dos pressupostos da Teoria da Identidade Social e da Teoria da Autocategorização, ambas entendidas na literatura como bases que sustentam a construção do relacionamento diádico. A aplicação do instrumento envolveu uma amostra composta por 255 sujeitos. A análise dos resultados permite afirmar que as dimensões da LMX, exceto a Contribuição, se apresentaram correlacionadas entre si e com as outras variáveis envolvidas no estudo. O agrupamento fatorial obtido indicou que a dimensão Respeito Profissional aglutinou as dimensões da identidade social e da autocategorização, evidenciando que os respondentes se percebem identificados e pertencentes ao círculo mais próximo do líder. Verificou-se que a percepção da qualidade do relacionamento e o gênero dos respondentes foram capazes de discriminar as prioridades dadas à construção desse relacionamento. O mesmo não foi observado no tocante ao tipo de empresa a que o respondente pertence e ao tempo que possuem de relacionamento diádico. Obteve-se, ainda, um modelo estrutural considerado adequado, composto por variáveis formativas e reflexivas. Conclui-se que relacionamentos diádicos de alta qualidade podem influenciar os resultados do desempenho individual, merecendo, por conta disso, atenção e investimento das organizações.

Cette étude développe et teste empiriquement un modèle explicatif des comportements dysfonctionnels des auditeurs financiers. La revue de la littérature permet d'identifier les principaux facteurs ayant un impact significatif sur les dysfonctionnements (pression budgétaire et des délais...). Cette recherche propose d'étendre le périmètre des déterminants sous un angle relationnel et managérial. À cette fin, elle mobilise principalement l'approche de la relation supérieur - subordonné (LMX), mais aussi le role modeling et le style d'évaluation de la performance des auditeurs.Notre étude repose sur un questionnaire soumis aux auditeurs seniors opérant dans les grands réseaux de commissariat aux comptes constituant les principaux acteurs du marché de l'audit en France, plus précisément d'origines anglo-saxonne (Big 4) et française (Mazars).Pour tester nos hypothèses, la méthode d'estimation retenue est celle de type Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR).Les analyses soulignent que les trois dimensions du LMX, à savoir affection, loyauté et contribution ont un impact négatif et significatif sur les comportements adaptatifs (respectivement comportements non professionnels : CNP, mauvaise gestion de l’équipe d’audit : MGE et comportements réducteurs de qualité : QTB). En outre, les résultats mettent en lumière que, sous l’effet de mimétisme, les comportements managériaux adoptés par un supérieur réduisent le MGE, le QTB et le CNP. De plus, il a été observé qu’une perception favorable du soutien organisationnel et une évaluation axée sur des critères sociaux entraînent respectivement moins de QTB et de MGE. Enfin, certains résultats confirment ceux des recherches antérieures quant à l’impact du style d’évaluation basée sur des critères techniques, de l’engagement affectif, et de la pression liée au budget et aux délais sur les comportements dysfonctionnels. / This study develops and empirically tests an explanatory model in order to study the dysfunctional behaviors of financial auditors.The literature review allows to identify the main factors having a significant impact on malfunctions (budget pressure, time deadline pressure...). This research proposes extending the scope of the determinants in a relational and managerial perspective. To this end, it mobilizes mainly Leader-Member Exchange theory (LMX), but also the role modeling and the assessment style of auditors performance.Our study is based on a questionnaire which was sent to senior auditors who work in the large auditing networks which constitute the main actors of the audit market in France, specifically of Anglo-Saxon (Big 4) and French (Mazars) origins.To test our hypotheses, the estimation method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) was applied.The results show that the three dimensions of Leader Member-Exchange (LMX), namely affection, loyalty and contribution have a negative and significant impact on the adaptive behaviors (respectively unprofessional behaviors: CNP, mismanagement of the audit team: MGE and Quality-Threatening Behavior: QTB). Also, results highlight under the effect of mimetic, managerial behaviors adopted by a superior have been shown to reduce the MGE, but also QTB and CNP. In addition, it was revealed that a favorable perception of organizational support and an evaluation focused on social criteria result in less QTB and MGE respectively.Finally, the analyses confirm the results of previous research concerning the impact of the style assessment based on technical criteria, affective commitment, budget pressure and time deadline pressure on such types of behavior.