<p>In 1949, a Swedish author, Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990), started an action that had the aim of improving conditions for old people in Sweden This action lasted from 1949 until 1957. It started when the author and a photographer made a journey around the country to enable Lo-Johansson to form a conception of the conditions under which old people lived in old people’s homes.</p><p>The journey was documented in words and pictures ands gave rise to a series of articles in a magazine, <i>Vi</i>, in the spring of 1949. The articles were followed in the same year by the publication of a book of photographs, <i>Ålderdom </i>(Old Age), and of four talks which Lo-Johansson broadcast on the radio during the autumn. In 1952 the author published a polemical pamphlet, <i>Ålderdoms-Sverige </i>(Old Age in Sweden), which contained fierce attacks on the social authorities for the lack of proper care that Lo-Johansson considered that the old people were subjected to. In the book the author proposed a number of measures to improve the situation of the elderly. Among other things he emphasised the importance of giving the elderly a meaningful existence and treating them in such a way that their mental health was not threatened. Lo-Johansson’s principal goal was that institutions to care for healthy old people should not be needed in the future – his slogan was that care at home should replace care in homes.</p><p>This dissertation describes how Lo-Johansson’s campaign for better care for the elderly was implemented, the reactions that followed, and the ways in which his proposals for improvements in care for the elderly were put into practice. Another task in this study has been to attempt to define some of the care structures that governed attitudes towards the elderly at the end of the 1940s and to see the extent to which they were changed in the 1950s as a consequence of Lo-Johansson’s action.</p><p>The conclusions of the dissertation are, in brief, that the author’s action resulted in a new focus in the social policy and a change in the structure of values in which concepts such as human dignity, integrity, humanity and the satisfaction of mental needs have obtained a footing in both the social policy debate and in the practical exercise of new forms of care for the elderly at that time.</p>

Bakgrund: Ideologiburna organisationer uppkommer och drivs för att nå andra mål än ekonomiska. Deras verksamhet kan ha varierande inriktning men grundläggande idéer håller dem samman. Individerna som arbetar i dessa organisationer har sökt sig dit av olika anledningar. Vad är det som motiverar och engagerar dem att arbeta i organisationer som inte främst är vinstinriktade? Syfte: Uppsatsen ämnar analysera vilka faktorer som motiverar och engagerar individer att arbeta i en ideologiburen organisation. Genomförande: Det empiriska materialet samlades främst in genom fem kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda på LOs huvudkontor i Stockholm. Tillsammans med sekundära källor har empirin sammanställts och analyserats. Resultat: Individerna på vårt fallföretag, LO, motiveras och engageras av att de har samma värderingar som organisationen. Denna värderingsöverensstämmelse är grundläggande för samtliga anställda som intervjuats, oavsett arbetsuppgift och facklig bakgrund.

In 1949, a Swedish author, Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990), started an action that had the aim of improving conditions for old people in Sweden This action lasted from 1949 until 1957. It started when the author and a photographer made a journey around the country to enable Lo-Johansson to form a conception of the conditions under which old people lived in old people’s homes. The journey was documented in words and pictures ands gave rise to a series of articles in a magazine, Vi, in the spring of 1949. The articles were followed in the same year by the publication of a book of photographs, Ålderdom (Old Age), and of four talks which Lo-Johansson broadcast on the radio during the autumn. In 1952 the author published a polemical pamphlet, Ålderdoms-Sverige (Old Age in Sweden), which contained fierce attacks on the social authorities for the lack of proper care that Lo-Johansson considered that the old people were subjected to. In the book the author proposed a number of measures to improve the situation of the elderly. Among other things he emphasised the importance of giving the elderly a meaningful existence and treating them in such a way that their mental health was not threatened. Lo-Johansson’s principal goal was that institutions to care for healthy old people should not be needed in the future – his slogan was that care at home should replace care in homes. This dissertation describes how Lo-Johansson’s campaign for better care for the elderly was implemented, the reactions that followed, and the ways in which his proposals for improvements in care for the elderly were put into practice. Another task in this study has been to attempt to define some of the care structures that governed attitudes towards the elderly at the end of the 1940s and to see the extent to which they were changed in the 1950s as a consequence of Lo-Johansson’s action. The conclusions of the dissertation are, in brief, that the author’s action resulted in a new focus in the social policy and a change in the structure of values in which concepts such as human dignity, integrity, humanity and the satisfaction of mental needs have obtained a footing in both the social policy debate and in the practical exercise of new forms of care for the elderly at that time.

My aim in this essay is to analyze how the female body is represented in Swedish working class literature. I have compared four different novels all of which contain a female bathing scene: the opening chapter of Moa Martinsons Kvinnor och äppelträd (1933) , the opening chapter of Ivar Lo-Johanssons Bara en mor (1939) and a scene each in Glasfåglarna (1996) and Mosippan (1998), both written by Elsie Johansson. The bathing scenes suggest three key issues: modernisation, urbanisation and above all women´s sexual politics. Though there were several issues facing the feminist movement in Sweden in the 1930, the question of a woman’s right to her body was one that united the movement, regardless of class.

The thesis investigates hot carrier relaxation and carrier recombination mechanism of a InN thin film grown on LAO(LiAlO2) substrate with a ultrafast time-resolved photoluminescence apparatus. Carriers were excited with laser pulses of energy 1.5 eV and of pulsewidth 150 fs from a Ti:sapphire laser. The photoexcited carriers relax excessive energy mostly within 10 ps thorough carrier-LO-phonon interaction. The effective carrier-LO-phonon emission times were estimated 197 to 58 fs in the temperature range from 250 to 35 K. The Shockley-Read-Hall coefficient was found around 0.8 ns-1. The Auger recombination was trivial at 35 K and become significant at 250 K. The fitted radiative recombination was much smaller than the theoretical estimate. Both effective carrier-LO-phonon scattering times and the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of the studied m-plane InN were found to be smaller than those of c-plane InN in other reports.

The purpose of this thesis is to find out carrier concentration in nitride semiconductors by micro Raman measurements. We focus on the Raman measurements of two different III-nitride semiconductors doped with Si. First series is narrow band gap InN films with varying carrier concentration (ne). The highest (ne) in this series is 1.9 X 1019 cm-3. The second series is wide band gap GaN films, with highest (ne) of 8.0 X 1019 cm-3.From the room temperature Ramam measurements ,it is observed that the L- LOPCM (lower branch of longitudinal-optical phonon-plasmon coupled modes) depends on the carrier concentration. We focus the further analysis of this result and try to extract the carrier concentration and compare with electrical measurements.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes special report study entitled: Analysis of interaction between the lands divided by a border. Includes bibliographical references.

Since the mid-2000s, the production of the pseudo-cereal quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for export has increased due to growing demand in the United States and Europe. To meet demand, many of those living in the Bolivian high plateau or altiplano have transitioned from traditional livelihood strategies to commercial quinoa production oriented at the international export market. The following looks at how Bolivians living in the community of Pampa Aullagas have adapted to commercial production by looking at three vignettes of different actors living in the community. Looking at traditional agropastoralists, teachers, and modern producers, this thesis seeks to understand the nuances and complexities associated with integration into the global export market. / text

No description available.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Magisterarbeit, 1997