In developing countries, land management, government intervention in peri-urban land, and the striking decline of agricultural land have all affected farmers’ livelihoods and the capacity of locally supplied food for ever-growing cities. A growing body of literature has focused on the exploration of these issues in rural areas, which are believed to be the backbone of the national agriculture economy, and in peri-urban areas of large cities, which have experienced extreme changes during recent decades. But the issues are also relevant to peri-urban mid-sized cities where urbanization is in a different phase compared to the above areas. This study examines the main changes underway in the agrarian transition of peri-urban areas of Vinh city, a mid-sized city in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. Vinh was chosen given its unique position in transforming from a mid-sized to a large city. This study explores the dynamics of agricultural production, and the role of the Vinh government in mediating urbanization and its impacts on farmers’ livelihoods. In order to attain the objectives, interviews with local leaders, and a survey with farmers were conducted, and a GIS database was also developed. The findings regarding agricultural production in the case study demonstrate that this mid-sized city, in the early phase of development, manifests itself as a duplicate of larger cities, escalating the threat of food accessibility from local sources. Duplication is in the sense that the peri-urban population in Vinh still depends largely on agriculture with a shift to commercial agriculture with higher value products despite the shrinkage of agricultural land. Agricultural production primarily uses manual family labor, and traditional products are substantially subsistent. Compared to larger cities, post-production activities (including processing, packaging, marketing, and delivery) and the organization of the agrofood supply chain in Vinh are underdeveloped due to minimum support from local and outside agencies. The case study confirms that as general trend in developing countries, Vietnam’s land policies favor the expropriation of agricultural land for industrialization and modernization. The findings also demonstrate the heterogeneity of land administration in Vietnam, structured from the ‘bottom-up’ mechanism, through which Vinh’s local authorities have the prerogative to not issue land use right certificates of agricultural land despite the national policy. This has occurred in order to control land markets to satisfy the city’s goal of transforming to an independent municipality. The situation is perpetuated by the absence of agricultural land legislations in a peri-urban context while contemporary legislation has been developed to address the rural areas because of their importance in the national agriculture economy. This is an issue for land management in Vietnam as well as in other developing countries. Finally, the findings on land expropriation in the peri-urban areas of Vinh city also confirm that direct government intervention through land expropriation in developing countries, with low compensation and lack of alternative vocational training, undermines farmers’ livelihoods and threatens the local food supply.

Žemė ir su ja susiję objektai, kurių buvimo vietos negalima pakeisti, nekeičiant jų naudojimo paskirties arba nemažinant vertės bei ekonominės paskirties, arba turtas, kuris tokiu pripažįstamas įstatymuose yra nekilnojamasis turtas. Paskutiniais metais žemės yra pati paklausiausia prekė iš nekilnojamojo turto objektų. Atliekama daug sandorių, susijusių su žemės pirkimu-pardavimu, dovanojimu, mainais. Tokie veiksmai skatina žemės rinkos plėtojimąsi. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti miškų ūkio paskirties žemės rinkos intensyvumą Alytaus apskrityje ir miško žemės kainas. Nustatyta, kad Alytaus apskrityje yra santykinai daugiau miškų, nei vidutiniškai Lietuvoje. Privatizuotų miškų plotas 2007-01-01 apskrityje sudarė 111,8 tūkst. ha arba 42,0% nuo visų miškų, o Lietuvoje 743,8 tūkst. ha arba 35,2%. Miško kaina labiausiai priklauso nuo brandumo, vyraujančių medžių rūšies, jų tūrio bei konkrečiam žemės sklypui taikomų apribojimų. Aukščiausiomis vidutinėmis rinkos vertėmis pasižymi ąžuolynai, uosynai, klevynai, maždaug 90 metų senumo medžiai. / Land along with objects affixed to it (which cannot be moved without the change of the purpose of their use or without the decrease of their value or economical purpose) or capital that is recognized legally is called immovable property. In latter years, land is the most marketable item among the objects of immovable property. At present, many bargains, connected with the land purchasing and selling, granting, interchange, are concluded. Such actions stimulate the development of land market. The aim of this work is to analyse forestland prices as well as the intensity of the market of the land suitable for forestry purposes in Alytus County. It was defined that there are comparatively more forests in Alytus County than on the average in Lithuania. By January 01, 2007, the area of privatised forests covered 111,8 thousand ha or 42,0% of the county’s area, in Lithuania they covered 743,8 thousand ha or 35,2%, respectively. Forest price mostly depends upon the maturity and species of prevailing trees, their size as well as upon the restraints applied to particular land plots. The highest average market values are characteristic to oak-woods, ah-groves, maple-groves, and 90 year-old trees.

Cette thèse apporte des éclairages sur la question des choix résidentiels en milieu urbain à travers les analyseurs sociaux et institutionnels. Elle débute par un constat : les caractéristiques du logement (son confort, sa qualité architecturale, sa localisation, etc.) déterminent les choix de résidence des individus. Les choix résidentiels s’inscrivent aussi dans un rapport complexe aux politiques foncières et immobilières, ce qui va imposer aux ménages d’adapter leurs décisions à leurs besoins, mais aussi à l’offre. L’offre est un élément primordial qui va influencer le profil des ménages à s’établir dans tel ou tel autre secteur de la ville. Lomé et Abidjan, villes que nous avons choisies pour mener cette réflexion, illustrent parfaitement à travers leur histoire, la manière dont les stratégies d’appropriation de l’espace procèdent à la fois d’un choix volontaire et contraint des citadins. En s’appuyant sur les théories économiques et sociales et en déconstruisant un modèle résidentiel unique, on proposera une approche plurielle des déterminants des choix résidentiels chez les citadins ouest-africains. L’un des enjeux de cette réflexion est la comparaison de deux villes, comparaison qui a été fort utile pour comprendre comment les aspirations résidentielles des ménages s’agencent aux politiques urbaines. La Côte d’Ivoire et le Togo laissent entrevoir des politiques nationales différentes en matière d’habitat : politique interventionniste de l’Etat pour le cas ivoirien et politique de laisser-faire pour le cas togolais. Ainsi, l’implication des dirigeants ivoiriens dans la production du logement a donné plus d’opportunités aux ménages abidjanais dans leurs parcours résidentiels. Cependant, la nécessité des réformes dans le secteur de l’habitat imposée par la crise économique qui a frappé la plupart des pays africains va contraindre l’Etat à se retirer dès 1982 de la production directe de logements. Ce retrait a permis le retour en force des détendeurs coutumiers et des acteurs immobiliers privés dont les intérêts divergents vont imposer de stratégies résidentielles à de nombreux ménages surtout les plus démunis.Quant à Lomé, le manque d’opportunités résidentielles dû au laisser-faire de l’Etat va associer les choix résidentiels des ménages à de fortes contraintes. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la manière la plus pertinente d’accompagner la réalisation des parcours résidentiels ascendants des ménages par les politiques de logements et d’aménagement adaptés. C’est sans doute sur ce dernier point que notre contribution est assez originale : la pluralité des facteurs des choix résidentiels à prendre en compte pour comprendre, anticiper et répondre aux besoins des ménages. / This research sheds light on the issue of urban residential choices through social and institutional analyzers. It begins with the observation that housing characteristics (comfort, architectural quality, location, etc.) determine the choice of residence of individuals. Residential choices are also part of a complex relationship to the land and property policies, which will force households to adapt their decisions to their needs but also to the offer. The offer is a key element that will influence the profile of households to settle in one or another area of the city. Lomé and Abidjan, cities we have chosen to conduct this reflection, perfectly illustrate through their story, the ways of appropriation of space strategies derive both from voluntary and forced choices of citizens. Based on economic and social theories and by deconstructing a unique residential model, we propose a multi-faceted approach of determinants of residential choice among West African citizens.One of the challenges of this reflection is the comparison of two cities, which was very useful to understand how residential aspirations of households fit together urban policies comparison. Ivory Coast and Togo suggest different national habitat’s policies: interventionist country policy for the Ivorian and let-go policy for the Togolese. Thus, the involvement of Ivorian leaders in the production of housing has given more opportunities to Abidjan households in their residential course. However, the need for reforms in the housing sector imposed by the economic crisis that hit most of African countries will force the country to withdraw from 1982 direct production of housing. This withdrawal allowed the resurgence of traditional regulators and private real actors with divergent interests to impose a residential strategy in many households, especially in the poor households.Regarding Lome, the lack of residential opportunities due to the let-go policy of the country will lead residential choices of households to high constraints. It is therefore necessary to question the pertinent way to follow up the implementation of ascending residential stories of households through housing policies and adapted planning in an appropriate manner. It is probably on this last point that our contribution is quite original: the plurality of residential choice factors to take into account to understand, anticipate and meet households’ needs.

Submitted by Michelle Bartels (mi_cia_bartels@yahoo.de) on 2016-02-22T19:09:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Michelle_RevisãoBanca.pdf: 1872613 bytes, checksum: 052d038e4a16822d64e4586b9f525fd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-02-23T21:23:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Michelle_RevisãoBanca.pdf: 1872613 bytes, checksum: 052d038e4a16822d64e4586b9f525fd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-24T11:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Michelle_RevisãoBanca.pdf: 1872613 bytes, checksum: 052d038e4a16822d64e4586b9f525fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / The paper objects to investigate whether the price of Brazilian rural lands depends on major agricultural commodity prices and exportation volumes – principally those linked to Brazilian agricultural production value, as well as macroeconomics variables, such as basic interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate and availability of subsidized agricultural credit. For this purpose, it was considered agricultural production of cotton, coffee, sugarcane (and its main derived products, sugar and ethanol), corn and soybean, cattle production and the industrial production of bleached hardwood kraft pulp focusing on its main raw material, the reforested eucalyptus plantations. Results were aligned with previous studies, where empirical evidence was found that rural land prices present a cointegration with some of the crop, livestock and forestry variables mentioned above, mainly in states with agriculture and / or forestry aptitude. On the macroeconomic side, basic interest rate was the only variable that presented cointegration with land prices for all states under assessment; exchange rate and availability of subsidized rural credit were not statistically significant variables. For the States with significant participation in Brazil´s agroforestry products balance, the study concludes that it is possible to model a long-term equilibrium between price of rural lands and variables highlighted above, in a way that can be used by investors as a projection tool to help in the decision processes and to evaluate potential impacts on the value of their assets. The improvement of this study was to test the hypothesis of cointegration for each of the States of the federation. / Este trabalho tem como proposta investigar como o preço de terras de uso rural no Brasil é afetado pelos preços e exportações das principais commodities agropecuárias, bem como por variáveis macroeconômicas, como taxa básica de juros, taxa de câmbio, taxa de inflação e disponibilidade de crédito agrícola. Para tal foram consideradas as produções agrícola de algodão, café, cana-de-açúcar (e seus principais produtos açúcar e etanol), milho e soja, a produção pecuária de carne bovina e a produção industrial de celulose de fibra curta com foco em sua principal matéria prima, os plantios reflorestados de eucalipto. Em linha com estudos anteriores, foi encontrada evidência empírica de que o preço da terra possui cointegração com algumas das variáveis agrícolas, pecuárias e florestais citadas, em especial em estados com maior vocação agropecuária e/ou para silvicultura. Quanto às variáveis macroeconômicas, apenas a taxa básica de juros apresentou cointegração com o preço de terras para todos os estados avaliados, taxa de câmbio e disponibilidade de crédito rural não aparecem como variáveis estatisticamente significantes. Conclui-se que, para estados com notável participação na balança comercial brasileira de produtos agrossilvipastoris, é possível obter um modelo de equilibro de longo prazo entre o preço da terra de uso rural e as variáveis destacadas acima, de modo que investidores do setor possam utilizá-lo como ferramenta de projeção no auxílio da tomada de decisão além de avaliar potenciais impactos no valor de seus ativos A inovação do presente estudo está em testar as hipóteses de cointegração para cada um dos estados da federação.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Artur Zimerman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2015. / O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar as causas da elevada concentração fundiária brasileira. A hipótese defendida é que o sistema de administração fundiária do país favorece a desigualdade na distribuição de suas terras por não ser capaz de garantir o cumprimento das funções econômicas, sociais e ambientais da terra preconizadas na Constituição. Buscou-se a comprovação da hipótese de duas maneiras, primeiro analisando as deficiências técnicas na execução do sistema de cadastro e de registro de imóveis, do Imposto Territorial Rural (ITR) e dos programas de reforma agrária postos em prática desde o fim da segunda guerra mundial. Além de demonstrar o desequilíbrio político existente entre os grandes proprietários, que causou as principais deficiências técnicas dessas políticas de regulação, a pesquisa analisou quantitativamente o comportamento da concentração fundiária, tendo como objeto de estudo os municípios do Estado de São Paulo em dois momentos, em 1995 e em 2008. Tanto a análise do sistema de administração fundiária vigente quanto o estudo quantitativo aqui desenvolvido nos levam às seguintes conclusões: 1) O grande desequilíbrio de representação formal existente entre os ruralistas e os defensores dos interesses da agricultura familiar impede a consolidação de um sistema de cadastro e registro de imóveis rurais que permita o conhecimento inequívoco da real situação da estrutura agrária brasileira e a responsabilização dos proprietários pelas recorrentes infrações observadas no que diz respeito ao uso da terra, às leis ambientais e à legislação trabalhista; 2) A cobrança do ITR também é sensivelmente prejudicada pela ausência de base informacional adequada e de mecanismos de controle que façam com que os proprietários se sintam compelidos a dar uso produtivo, racional e eficiente à sua propriedade. Dessa maneira, os preços da terra agrícola no país permanecem muito elevados, o que impede que uma grande parcela da população possa retirar seu sustento da terra e 3) A reforma agrária realizada atualmente no país não conseguirá reduzir a imensa desigualdade na distribuição observada caso continue sendo realizada nesse ritmo e sem utilizar os critérios científicos que permitam controlar o uso eficiente da terra e sem dar a atenção necessária à regulação do mercado de terras. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the causes of the high land concentration in Brazil. The hypothesis we defend is that the country¿s land administration system favors the unequal distribution of land because it is not able to ensure the fulfillment of the land¿s economic, social and environmental functions as provided for in the Constitution. We sought to prove this hypothesis in two ways: first, by analyzing the technical shortcomings in the execution of the registration system, the land registry, the rural land tax (ITR) and the land reform programs put in place since the end of World War II. Secondly, in addition to demonstrating the existing political imbalance between large landowners, which caused the main technical shortcomings of those regulatory policies, our research analyzed quantitatively the evolution of land concentration in two different moments in time - 1995 and 2008 - in municipalities in the State of São Paulo. Both the analysis of the ruling land administration system and the quantitative study lead us to the following conclusions: 1) the great imbalance in formal representativeness between large farmers and those who defend the interests of family farmers prevents the consolidation of a registration system and of a rural property registry that allow clear knowledge of the real situation of the Brazilian agrarian structure and the accountability of land owners for the recurrent violations with regards to land use, environmental laws and labor legislation; 2) the collection of the ITR is also seriously hampered by the absence of an adequate database and control mechanisms that make land owners feel compelled to use their land productively, rationally and efficiently. This causes land prices to remain high thus preventing a large portion of the population to live from the land, and 3) the land reform program presently in place will not be able to reduce the great inequality that exists in land distribution if it continues to be executed at the current pace, without using scientific criteria that allow to control the use of the land and by not giving due attention to agricultural land market regulation.

This diploma thesis starts with the definition of terms and formulations which are necessary for the understanding the discussed issues. The diploma thesis deals with real estate income method valuation, in particular the detected value and the market value according to the relevant public notice of valuation. In the practical part of the thesis my main aim has beeen to choose the real estate that can be valued by the real estate income method, to establish the detected value according to the public notice 445/2017 Sb. and to establish the market value, which will be set with several other real estate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2462.pdf: 3457957 bytes, checksum: 8b5897da5658a003e8d102db1a2b6620 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Urban occupation in rural areas by settlements without approval is a growing phenomenon in São Paulo State medium-sized cities, and so far, few works have been carried out about these illegal settlements out of large cities. Such theme-based studies are relevant due to the resulting occurrence of high magnitude negative impacts. The present paper deals with the expansion process of illegal settlements both irregular and unauthorized ones , having as a study case the city of São José do Rio Preto. The aim is to study the phenomenon of illegal settlements production in this city, through their identification and qualification, also the search of causal relationship of this production, analyzing the legal situation and the relationship between this production and public policies and the real estate market dynamics and finally identifying and evaluating the resulting socialenvironmental impacts. / A ocupação urbana em zona rural por parcelamentos sem aprovação é um fenômeno crescente em cidades de porte médio do estado de São Paulo e, até o momento, são poucos os trabalhos realizados sobre esses loteamentos ilegais fora das grandes cidades. É de grande relevância a realização de estudos sobre o tema devido à conseqüente ocorrência de impactos negativos de alta magnitude. A presente pesquisa trata do processo de expansão dos loteamentos ilegais tanto os irregulares, quanto os clandestinos , tomando como estudo de caso o município de São José do Rio Preto. Seu principal objetivo é estudar o fenômeno da produção de parcelamentos ilegais neste município através da identificação e qualificação dos parcelamentos ilegais existentes, da busca da relação causal da produção dos mesmos, analisando a situação legal e a relação dessa produção com as políticas públicas e a dinâmica do mercado imobiliário e, por fim, identificar e avaliar os impactos sócio-ambientais resultantes.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T13:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMB.pdf: 10290776 bytes, checksum: 9424739f0a0e6ff2368e95b21ecbefc3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:15:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMB.pdf: 10290776 bytes, checksum: 9424739f0a0e6ff2368e95b21ecbefc3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:16:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMB.pdf: 10290776 bytes, checksum: 9424739f0a0e6ff2368e95b21ecbefc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T19:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMB.pdf: 10290776 bytes, checksum: 9424739f0a0e6ff2368e95b21ecbefc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Não recebi financiamento / The Minha Casa Minha Vida Programme (My House My Life) was launched in April 2009 with anti-cyclical objectives, in order to counteract the effects of the crisis triggered by the bursting of the housing bubble in the United States in 2008 (the subprime crisis), which caused consequences for the global economy. The PMCMV, however, reduced attention to the objectives of PlanHab - National Housing Plan, calling for the urgent need to maintain the level of economic activity. After five years of operation, the program is intimately linked to the National Housing Policy, to the point that, in practice, it has replaced it. The amount of produced houses is impressive. The Caixa Econômica Federal, a public bank, as the founding manager of the Housing policies and the PMCMV, attached to the Ministry of Finance, apparently gives priority to economic and financial issues for the approval of projects, to the detriment of the priorities with the quality of the urban environment and housing production. These issues are delegated to small and larger towns, where the PMCMV is realized. Such towns do have the power to make demands of adjustments on the projects, according to their master plans and local regulations. What is found, however, in several towns of São Paulo, is that the projects are usually built in very contradiction to what is expected of a master plan or a democratic urban and housing management, as recommended by the Federal Housing Policies and Plans (PlanHab). This study aims to investigate it, through a case in Araraquara. As we go through a whole process of three PMCMV assemblies for low-income people, we will be able to verify the compliance with the laws and municipal urban guidelines, as well as the urban and social impacts, both for the town and for the population served by the MCMV Programme. / O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida foi lançado em abril de 2009 supostamente com objetivos anticíclicos, com a finalidade de combater os efeitos da crise deflagrada pelo estouro da bolha imobiliária nos Estados Unidos em 2008 (crise dos subprimes), que causou consequências na economia global (FIX, 2009). O PMCMV, no entanto, relegou a segundo plano os objetivos do PlanHab – Plano Nacional da Habitação, utilizando como argumento um discurso de urgência em manter o nível da atividade econômica. Após cinco anos de atuação, o programa se confunde com a própria Política Nacional de Habitação, apresentando números de produção de moradias impressionantes. A Caixa Econômica Federal – CEF, como gestora do Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço – FGTS, do Fundo de Arrendamento Residencial – FAR e do PMCMV, sendo um banco estatal, ligado ao Ministério da Fazenda, aparentemente prioriza as questões econômicas e financeiras na aprovação dos empreendimentos, em detrimento das preocupações com a qualidade do ambiente urbano e das moradias produzidas. Essas questões são delegadas aos municípios, que recebem os empreendimentos do PMCMV, e teriam o poder de fazer exigências de adequações nos projetos em função de seus planos e legislação locais. O que se verifica, no entanto, em diversas cidades do interior paulista, é que os empreendimentos são construídos em franca contradição ao que se espera de um plano diretor ou de uma gestão urbana e habitacional democrática e participativa, como preconizado pela PNH e pelo PlanHab. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, por meio de um estudo de caso em Araraquara, como ocorreu o processo de implantação de três conjuntos do PMCMV para a faixa 1, no sentido de verificar o atendimento às leis e diretrizes urbanas municipais, bom como os decorrentes impactos urbanos e sociais, tanto para a cidade, como para a população atendida pelo programa.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4132478 bytes, checksum: 5561e4df833f1f3509ec7068c4719239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Contemporary the process of global urbanization is notable for the intensity of its expansion, also in Brazil, where the great majority of the population lives in urban areas, with a vibrant aspect of the dynamics of this occupation the configuration of a space called peri-urban. From this overview, this paper aims to analyze the consequences of the interaction between the land market and public interventions, in the formation and orientation of the dynamics of occupation of peri-urban areas, in the west region of the city of Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais), also known as Cidade Alta (Uptown) in almost all its entirety, seeking to understand the role and influence of market land and public interventions in the process of its expansion, passing their socioeconomic characteristics, their occupation and the growth of the main neighborhoods that comprise it. For this purpose, besides the analysis based on a mixed methodology data of the market value of their land and their peculiar housing market, I sought to compare the numerical data with an analysis of features supported by observations of its main components and causes of the phenomena analyzed.The corpora related to the object of research are coming from data from the Territorial Urban Property Tax - a property tax, between the years 2000 to 2010, in each neighborhood and its subdivisions, as well as listings of the two largest newspapers in circulation of Juiz de Fora: Tribuna de Minas and Diário Regional. The result is an empirical analysis of the vectors of expansion in the region studied, addressing different forms of land use, especially for the installation of condominiums and discussion of socioeconomic and growth features, which in turn, show a highly speculative real estate in the region. It is intended to provide information to better understand this specific type of expansion, as well as the causes of the rise of areas similar to this locus, as a basis for the study of alternatives in terms of public policies in support of a concept of right to housing in their broadest sense of equity of access to public equipments and basic infrastructure in peri-urban areas. / Contemporaneamente, o processo de urbanização global destaca-se pela intensidade de sua expansão, também no Brasil, em que a grande maioria da população vive em áreas urbanas, sendo um aspecto pujante da dinâmica dessa ocupação a configuração de um espaço denominado periurbano. A partir desse panorama, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os reflexos da interação entre o mercado de terras e as intervenções públicas, na formação e orientação da dinâmica de ocupação de áreas periurbanas, da região Oeste da cidade de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais), também denominada como Cidade Alta , em quase toda a sua totalidade, buscando compreender a atuação e a influência do mercado de terras e das intervenções públicas no processo de sua expansão, perpassando suas características socioeconômicas, a sua ocupação e o crescimento dos principais bairros que a compõem. Para tanto, além da análise baseada em uma metodologia mista dos dados do valor venal de seus terrenos e o seu mercado imobiliário particular, buscou-se confrontar os dados numéricos com uma análise apoiada em observações de características de seus principais componentes e causas dos fenômenos analisados. Os corpora relacionados ao objeto da pesquisa são advindos de dados do Imposto Predial Territorial Urbano - IPTU, entre os anos de 2000 a 2010, em cada bairro e seus loteamentos, bem como anúncios dos dois jornais de maior circulação de Juiz de Fora: Tribuna de Minas e Diário Regional. O resultado é uma análise empírica sobre os vetores de expansão da região estudada, abordando as diferentes formas de ocupação do solo, com destaque para a instalação de condomínios e a discussão de aspectos socioeconômicos e de crescimento, que por sua vez, apontam para um mercado imobiliário altamente especulativo na região. Pretende-se fornecer subsídios para se melhor entender esse tipo específico de expansão, bem como as causas do surgimento de áreas semelhantes a esse lócus, como base de estudo para alternativas em termos de políticas públicas em prol de um conceito do direito à moradia em sua acepção mais ampla da equidade do acesso a equipamentos públicos e infraestrutura básica nos espaços periurbanos.

Cette recherche de doctorat étudie la relation entre la gestion informelle des risques de subsistance et l’allocation des terres agricoles. La gestion informelle des risques de subsistance est analysée ici comme explication potentielle de l'échec des politiques foncières de marché, et de la persistance de modes d'échanges `non-marchands'. En particulier, nous montrons que la vision bipolaire de l'allocation des terres opposant marchand et non-marchand n'est pas toujours pertinente pour l'analyse de la gestion des risques dans les pratiques foncières. Deux hypothèses sont analysées: en l'absence de moyens d'assurance publique ou privée, la terre prend une valeur de sécurité sociale qui peut détourner les ménages de la vente et leur faire préférer des transferts non-marchands ou temporaires, protégeant mieux la valeur assurance de la terre. Ensuite, des pratiques foncières hybrides, ni purement marchandes ni non-marchandes, se développent pour combiner la gestion des risques de subsistance avec d'autres motivations économiques. Ces hypothèses sont étudiées dans deux contextes: au Vietnam d'abord où les ménages les plus stables ou ceux subissant des chocs sévères vendent leur terre. En Thailande ensuite où, grâce à des données collectées sur le terrain, nous confirmons le rôle des stratégies de gestion des risques de subsistance dans l'activité ralentie des marchés de vente, et identifions ces fameuses pratiques foncières hybrides (ici des locations déguisées) . En conclusion, le développement de la protection (privée ou publique) des moyens de subsistance pourrait jouer un rôle privilégié dans l'évolution des modes d'allocation foncière. / This PhD research proposes to study the relationship between informal risk-coping strategies and the nature of land allocation. Informal risk-coping mechanisms are studied here as one potential factor in the failure of land market reforms and the persistence of `non-market' exchange -gifts or free loans. In particular, we show that the bipolar view of land tenure, which opposes `customary' to `market' transfers, does not adequately approach informal risk-coping motivations in land transfers. Two hypotheses are analysed: first, in the absence of insurance markets and public social protection, land has a `safety net' function and households do not sell land but prefer other types of transfers (which retain part of the land's `safety net' function). Secondly, informal risk-coping leads households to participate to hybrid forms of transfers (neither market nor non-market) allowing to combine risk-coping motives with other types of economic necessities. Those two hypotheses are then looked at empirically in two case studies: in Vietnam, where households sell their land only if they are economically stable or have suffered income shocks (distress sales); and in Thailand, where a survey has been done among permanent rural-urban migrants. This surveyconfirms that informal risk-coping slows down land sale markets and sustains transfers such as free-loans. Finally, the Thai data identify traditional risk-sharing institutions in the allocation of land, especially through intra-family free-loans or `disguised rentals'. As a main conclusion, insurance and public protection policies could have a key role in the evaluation of land allocation systems in Thailand and Vietnam.