Much advice has been published in the last 40 years that has attempted to aid speech-language pathologists in choosing language assessment tools (e.g., Danwitz, 1981 & Darley, 1979 ). Questions have arisen about what tests are actually being used in public schools and the reasons for those tests being used over other tests. The data bank of information is minimal in this area as only one study has appeared in the literature in which Wilson, Blackmon, Hall, & Elcholtz, (1991), conducted a State survey of currently used language assessment instruments. The primary research question to be answered was: What methods of language assessment are being used in Oregon? Secondary questions to be answered were: (a) What factors influence the selection and use of the chosen procedures?, (b) What are the dates of development of the tests used most frequently, (c) By what means do the public school clinicians keep themselves current with new trends and information in the field? There were 567 questionnaires mailed out to Oregon Speech-Language Pathologists who worked in the public school setting and served children 4-9 years of age. Of the 297 respondees, only 4 reported not using any formal instruments for language assessment. Results show 9 main standardized tests were used for measuring expressive language by the majority of the respondents. Listed in order of frequency of use, they are: TOLD, EOWPVT, WORD test, CELF, LPT, SPELT, ASSET, TOPS, and the PLS. For receptive language, also in order of frequency of use, the 1 O main tests were as follows: PPVT, TOLD, CELF, TACL, ASSET, BOEHM, PLS, ROWPVT, BRACKEN, and the LPT. Factors that influenced the selection and use of specific tests included: personal experience; ease of administration; time restraints; budgets and availability of tests and district protocols for assessments. Dates of publication, new and revisions, for both the expressive and receptive tests used ranged from 1983 - 1990. At the time of this survey, the main ways that clinicians were keeping themselves current for new tests on the market were word of mouth from associates, inservices on new tests, and reading new information in journals.

Children who are identified with slow expressive language development (SELD) around the age of two are producing less than fifty intelligible words or no two word phrases. Current research suggests that some children with SELD outgrow their delay while others continue to develop long term language difficulties. The literature shows varied findings of short term recovery but long term deficits, and shifts in the specific expressive language deficits ~s the child with SELD matures and encounters increased language demands. Suggestions are found for a mix of monitoring and early intervention, in step with signs of readiness and dynamic assessments, to facilitate improved performance and hasten development, particularly in the areas of metalinguistics and narratives. This study attempted to support the recommendation of early intervention, particularly for those children with an initial greater severity levels of expressive communication delay at the age of two. The 24 male and seven female SELD subjects were part of the Portland Language Development Project, a longitudinal study. Intake was at two years, and placement in the Intervention (Rx) or No Intervention (No Rx) group was a result of follow-up information gathered from parents regarding enrollment in any early intervention services before the age of four: Using mean Developmental Sentence Scores (DSS) for four outcome points, 1-tests determined that no significant differences existed in the improvement of language production between the Rx and No Rx groups. Secondly, 1-tests showed no significant differences in the two group's initial severity levels, using the Expressive Communication sub-domain of the Vine~and Adaptive Behavior Scale (V ABS), as the measure of severity at intake. A non-significant trend of consistently higher actual mean DSS scores across all outcome points, and an actual lower mean Expressive Communication score on the V ABS at intake was noted for the Rx group. A significant difference was found in the mean intake ages of the two groups, with older toddlers falling into the Rx group. Research and clinical_ implications are discussed, including attention to the length, type and content of very early intervention services, effective initial and follow up assessments, and factors that favor recommending early intervention

I samhället idag framkommer det allt fler barn som har någon form av språkstörning. Kunskapen bör därför hållas uppdaterad bland logopeder och talpedagoger med flera och att det även finns tillgång till stöd och hjälp för dessa barn. Kommunens översikt över behovet av hjälp är också viktigt för att barnen ska få de bästa möjliga förutsättningarna. Kommunen bör sedan göra det som krävs för att hjälpen för barn med språkstörning ska finnas tillgänglig i kommunen. I denna studie är vårt syfte att se vad det finns för hjälp för barn med språkstörning i olika kommuner och om hjälpen skiljer sig åt beroende på om kommunen är större eller mindre. Den frågeställning vi valt till denna undersökning är: Skiljer sig hjälpen åt för barn med språkstörningar i större respektive mindre kommuner och i så fall varför? Denna studie är kvalitativ och består av en strukturerad intervju. Frågorna har här bestämts i förväg och skickats ut till sju olika kommuner som är strategiskt utvalda. Den strukturerade intervjun har skickats iväg till kommunerna via mejl tillsammans med ett missiv efter ett telefonsamtal med oss där vi ville ha ett godkännande till att skicka frågeformuläret och missivet till dem. Resultatet visade på att större kommuner har språkförskolor medan mindre kommuner inte har inrättat några, men det visade också på att vissa större kommuner inte heller har någon sådan verksamhet. Resultatet visade också på att orsaker till att mindre kommuner inte har någon språkförskola är att barnantalet är för litet eller att de inte har så många barn med språkstörning i kommunen så att det skulle löna sig att ha denna verksamhet.

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Tyrimo objektas – tėvų ir logopedų nuomonė apie logopedinės pagalbos teikimą vaikams, turintiems kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti, tėvų ir logopedų nuomonę apie logopedinės pagalbos teikimą vaikams, turintiems kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų. Uždaviniai: 1. Atlikti mokslinė literatūros analizę apie logopedo teikiamos pagalbos būdų įvairovę. 2. Empirinio tyrimo metu išsiaiškinti kokius metodus taiko logopedai, įveikdami vaikų kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimus. 3. Atskleisti su kokiais sunkumais susiduria logopedai tiesioginiame darbe. 4. Išsiaiškinti tėvų nuomonę apie teikiamą logopedinę pagalbą. 5. Palyginti tėvų ir logopedų nuomonę apie teikiamą logopedinę pagalbą. Pagrindinės empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Empirinis tyrimas rodo, kad logopedai vaikų kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimams įveikti taiko tokius metodus: • Tradicinius mokymo metodus - skaitymą, rašymą, pasakojimą, atpasakojimą ir pratybų sąsiuvinį; • Aktyvius mokymo(si) metodus– darbą grupėmis ir vaikų pašnekesiai, dėlionės pagal seką, bendraamžių paramą; • Siekiant pakeisti situaciją dirbant su vaikais taiko – bendrosios ir smulkiosios motorikos lavinimą, vizualizavimą, vaizdingą kalbą, vaikų patirties įtraukimą, vaizduotės skatinimą, pojūčių naudojimą, piešimą, muziką ir konstravimą. 2. Paaiškėjo, kad logopedai dažniausiai susiduria su tokiais sunkumais darbe: maži kabinetai, darbo priemonių trūkumas, taip pat bendradarbiavimo su kolegomis ir patirties pasidalijimo. 3. Tėvų nuomone, jų vaikas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work carried out an analysis of documentsgoverningtheoretical special education and speech therapists’ work, speech therapy assistance methods and techniques, cooperation of speech therapists and parents. The main conclusions of the empiric research: 1. Empiric research shows, that in order to overcome children‘s speech and language disorders speech therapists use the following methods: • Traditional teaching methods–reading, writing, narration, a recital and exercise books; • Active teaching (learning) methods – work groups and children‘s conversations, doing puzzles in the order, peer support; • In order to change a situation use – general and fine motor training, visualization, evocative language, inclusion of children's experience, imaginative promotion, use of the senses, drawing, music and construction. 2. It appeared that speech therapists are most often faced with the difficulties at work like: small rooms, lack of working tools and also cooperation with colleagues and sharing experience. 3. Parents think, their child receives all the necessary assistance, basically, all the parents are satisfied with the quality of speech therapy classes, but they would prefer to have more classes. 4. Comparing parents’ and speech therapists approach, who else except speech therapists assist the children with speech and language disorders, a pattern was revealed that both, parents and speech therapists, usually take a passive means of communication, i.e. during meetings... [to full text]

No description available.

Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Göteborg, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-160).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Introdução: A saúde se depara com um novo desafio: gerenciar adequadamente as doenças crônicas incapacitantes, comuns nos idosos, como as demências - quadros importantes por prejudicarem de forma significativa o sujeito acometido e seus cuidadores. A comunicação também sofre alterações desde a fase inicial da Demência, podendo causar impacto negativo no seu portador e no cuidador. Os estudos revisados que analisaram a relação entre as inabilidades comunicativas dos idosos com demência e o estresse dos seus cuidadores principais o fizeram de forma indireta. Não se verificou, dentre os estudos revisados, nenhum que analisasse a correlação entre estas inabilidades e a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores. Objetivos: 1)Verificar o impacto das inabilidades funcionais de comunicação de idosos com demência na sobrecarga e na qualidade de vida dos seus cuidadores principais. 2)Identificar se existe associação entre as inabilidades funcionais da comunicação e os distúrbios do comportamento dos idosos com demência. Em caso afirmativo, identificar se há associação entre os distúrbios do comportamento, a sobrecarga e a qualidade de vida dos seus cuidadores principais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal analítico prospectivo, realizado num Serviço público de Referência em Assistência à Saúde do Idoso em Alagoas, Brasil, com os cuidadores principais de idosos com Demência de Alzheimer ou Demência Mista, em uso de medicação anticolinesterásica, sem outras alterações neurológicas e/ou psiquiátricas não esperadas nestes quadros. Avaliou-se o impacto das inabilidades funcionais da comunicação (Questionário de Avaliação Funcional das Habilidades de Comunicação da Associação Americana de Fonoaudiologia - ASHA-FACS) no estresse do cuidador (Escala Careviver Burden Scale - CBS) e na qualidade de vida do mesmo (Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Abreviado da Organização Mundial de Saúde – WHOQoL – Bref), analisando-se ainda a relação destas inabilidades com os distúrbios do comportamento dos idosos, e destes, por sua vez, com o estresse e a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores, mediante Correlação de Spearman (SPSS 17.0). Resultados: Verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significante entre a sub-escala Comunicação Social das Habilidades Comunicativas (ASHA-FACS) e o Domínio Psicológico da Qualidade de Vida, bem como entre as Necessidades Básicas, o Valor Médio de Independência Comunicativa (ASHA-FACS) e o item “Depressão e Disforia” do Inventário Neuro-Psiquiátrico. Este, por sua vez, se correlacionou com as escalas “Decepção” e “Ambiente” do Estresse (CBS). Conclusões: As inabilidades funcionais de comunicação social destes idosos com demência tiveram impacto no aspecto psicológico da qualidade de vida de vida dos seus cuidadores principais, mas não na sobrecarga deles. Há indícios de que associação indireta entre as inabilidades comunicativas dos demenciados e a sobrecarga dos seus cuidadores, mediada pelos distúrbios do comportamento dos idosos com demência. / Background: Health is facing a new challenge - the managing of incapacitating chronic disease, common among the elderly such as dementia, which affects significantly both the sick individual and their caregiver. The impairment of communication since the early stage of dementia may cause negative impact on the old people with dementia and their caregivers. The reviewed studies that evaluated the relationship between communicative inabilities of elderly people with dementia and the burden of their caregivers did so indirectly. There was, among the studies reviewed, none that examine the correlation between these disabilities and quality of life of caregivers. Objectives: 1) To verify the impact of functional communicative inabilities of old people with dementia on the burden and quality of life of their primary caregivers. 2) To verify the association between these inabilities and behavior disorders in old people with dementia, and, so, between this behavior disorders, burden and quality of life of the caregivers. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study in a geriatric public service in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. The sample comprised 50 elderly with Alzheimer’s disease isolated or associated to vascular dementia and their primary caregivers, on anticholinergic drugs without neurological and psychiatric disorders that are not commonly associated to dementia, and their primary caregivers (Study Group – SG), and 100 controls (Control Group – CG) – 50 healthy old people (matched for sex, age and literacy) plus 50 people who had close contact with the former. We evaluated the impact of functional communicative inabilities of old people with dementia (Questionnaire Functional Assessment of Communication Skills of the American Speech - ASHA-FACS) on the burden (Caregiver Burden Scale - CBS) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - short version - WHOQOL - Bref) of their primary caregivers. We also analyzed the association between these inabilities and behavioral disorders of the old people with dementia in SG, and so, between the former, burden and quality of life of their caregivers, using Spearman correlation (SPSS 17.0). Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the Social Communication (ASHA-FACS) and Psychological domain of Quality of Life (WHOQoL-Bref), as well as between Communication of Basic Needs, the Independence Communicative Index (ASHA-FACS) and "Depression and Dysphoria" of Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory. This, in turn, correlated with the “total index” of Burden (CBS). Conclusions: The functional inability of social communication of old people with dementia proved to have a psychological impact on the quality of life of their caregivers. There was probably an indirect association between the communication inabilities in dementia and the burden of the caregivers, mediated by the behavior disorders in the old people with dementia. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações