The aim of this degree project was to study the use and presence of plastic in municipal large-scale catering establishments from preschool to high school and in geriatric care. It was also to get a deeper knowledge about the substance BPA and the plastic PVC and their connection with food. The third aim was to lay forward some suggestions for Eskilstuna about continued work and substitution in their municipal large-scale kitchens. The means for data gathering was databases, websites, scientific reports, on site visits, interviews, online survey and communication by phone and email. The result from the case study was that plastic articles as containers, disposable materials, utensils and food packages for storing food were used in hot, ambient, cold and freezing temperatures. Nine types of plastic were found: PP, PE, PC, PVC, PA, PS, PET, melanin and SAN. All large-scale kitchens had disposable gloves, plastic films and plastic bags. In the first two examples, some brands were made of PVC-plastic. PC-plastic was found in some drinking glasses, plastic food pans, utensils, bowls and jugs. BPA is a common additive in production of PC-plastic and therefore these articles may contain BPA. Between all ten municipal large-scale kitchens, there are some differences and similarities. Of all the kitchens, no one had exactly the same articles or methods, and some had also special routines that differed from the others. The suggestions to Eskilstuna municipality were to remove those articles that contained BPA or chlorinated plastics (especially those products that already had an alternative on the procurement contract), contact the suppliers and wholesalers and ask which products that both are made of PC and contain BPA or other bisphenols, develop a exchange plan for products that do not fulfil the future regulations of KRAV and finally demand in procurement that the product do not contain BPA, PVC or other chlorinated plastics. / KRAV-certifiering av kommunala storkök inom Eskilstuna kommun

Les exigences croissantes sur l'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments, l'évolution du {marché} énergétique, le développement technique récent ainsi que les particularités du poste de chauffage ont fait du MPC le meilleur candidat pour la régulation thermique des bâtiments à occupation intermittente. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie basée sur la commande prédictive distribuée visant un compromis entre l'optimalité, la simplicité et la flexibilité de l'implantation de la solution proposée. Le développement de l'approche est progressif : à partir du cas d'une seule zone, la démarche est ensuite étendue au cas multizone et / ou multisource, avec la prise en compte des couplages thermiques entre les zones adjacentes. Après une formulation quadratique du critère MPC pour mieux satisfaire les objectifs économiques du contrôle, la formulation linéaire est retenue. Pour répartir la charge de calcul, des méthodes de décomposition linéaire (comme Dantzig-Wolfe et Benders) sont employées. L'efficacité des algorithmes distribués proposés est illustrée par diverses simulations. / The increasing requirements on energy efficiency of buildings, the evolution of the energy market, the technical developments and the characteristics of the heating systems made of MPC the best candidate for thermal control of intermittently occupied buildings. This thesis presents a methodology based on distributed model predictive control, aiming a compromise between optimality, on the one hand, and simplicity and flexibility of the implementation of the proposed solution, on the other hand. The development of the approach is gradually. The mono-zone case is initially considered, then the basic ideas of the solution are extended to the multi-zone and / or multi-source case, including the thermal coupling between adjacent zones. Firstly we consider the quadratic formulation of the MPC cost function, then we pass towards a linear criterion, in order to better satisfy the economic control objectives. Thus, linear decomposition methods (such as Dantzig-Wolfe and Benders) represent the mathematical tools used to distribute the computational charge among the local controllers. The efficiency of the distributed algorithms is illustrated by simulations.

Cette thèse porte sur l’application des approches de commande prédictive pour l’optimisation des démarrages des centrales à cycles combinés. Il s’agit d’une problématique à fort enjeu qui pose des défis importants. L’élaboration des approches est progressive. Dans une première partie un modèle de centrale est construit et adapté à l’optimisation, en utilisant une méthodologie qui transforme des modèles physiques Modelica conçus pour la simulation en des modèles pour l’optimisation. Cette méthodologie a permis de construire une bibliothèque adaptée à l’optimisation. La suite des travaux porte sur l’utilisation du modèle afin d’optimiser phase par phase les performances du démarrage. La solution proposée optimise, en temps continu, le profil de charge des turbines en recherchant dans des ensembles de fonctions particulières. Le profil optimal est déterminé en considérant que celui-ci peut être décrit par une fonction paramétrée dont les paramètres sont calculés en résolvant un problème de commande optimale sous contraintes. La dernière partie des travaux consiste à intégrer cette démarche d’optimisation à temps continu dans une stratégie de commande à horizon glissant. Cette approche permet d’une part de corriger les dérives liées aux erreurs de modèles et aux perturbations, et d’autre part, d’améliorer le compromis entre le temps de calcul et l’optimalité de la solution. Cette approche de commande conduit cependant à des temps de calcul importants. Afin de réduire le temps de calcul, une structure de commande prédictive hiérarchisée avec deux niveaux, en travaillant à des échelles de temps et sur des horizons différents, a été proposée. / This thesis focuses on the application of model predictive control approaches to optimize the combined cycle power plants start-ups. Generally, the optimization of start-up is a very problematic issue that poses significant challenges. The development of the proposed approaches is progressive. In the first part a physical model of plant is developed and adapted to optimization purposes, by using a methodology which transforms Modelica model components into optimization-oriented models. By applying this methodology, a library suitable for optimization purposes has been built.In the second part, based on the developed model, an optimization procedure to improve the performances of the start-up phases is suggested. The proposed solution optimizes, in continuous time, the load profile of the turbines, by seeking in specific sets of functions. The optimal profile is derived by considering that this profile can be described by a parameterized function whose parameters are computed by solving a constrained optimal control problem. In the last part, the open-loop optimization procedure has been integrated into a receding horizon control strategy. This strategy represents a robust solution against perturbation and models errors, and enables to improve the trade-off between computation time and optimality of the solution. Nevertheless, the control approach leads to a significant computation time. In order to obtain real-time implementable results, a hierarchical model predictive control structure with two layers, working at different time scales and over different prediction horizons, has been proposed.

Les systèmes de recommandation (RS) et le pair-à-pair (P2) sont complémentaires pour faciliter le partage de données à grande échelle: RS pour filtrer et personnaliser les requêtes des utilisateurs, et P2P pour construire des systèmes de partage de données décentralisés à grande échelle. Cependant, il reste beaucoup de difficultés pour construire des RS efficaces dans une infrastructure P2P. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons des communautés en ligne à grande échelle, où les utilisateurs notent les contenus qu'ils explorent et gardent dans leur espace de travail local les contenus de qualité pour leurs sujets d'intérêt. Notre objectif est de construire un P2P-RS efficace pour ce contexte. Nous exploitons les sujets d'intérêt des utilisateurs (extraits automatiquement des contenus et de leurs notes) et les données sociales (amitié et confiance) afin de construire et maintenir un overlay P2P social. La thèse traite de plusieurs problèmes. D'abord, nous nous concentrons sur la conception d'un P2P-RS qui passe à l'échelle, appelé P2Prec, en combinant les approches de recommandation par filtrage collaboratif et par filtrage basé sur le contenu. Nous proposons alors de construire et maintenir un overlay P2P dynamique grâce à des protocoles de gossip. Nos résultats d'expérimentation montrent que P2Prec permet d'obtenir un bon rappel avec une charge de requêtes et un trafic réseau acceptables. Ensuite, nous considérons une infrastructure plus complexe afin de construire et maintenir un overlay P2P social, appelé F2Frec, qui exploite les relations sociales entre utilisateurs. Dans cette infrastructure, nous combinons les aspects filtrage par contenu et filtrage basé social, pour obtenir un P2P-RS qui fournit des résultats de qualité et fiables. A l'aide d'une évaluation de performances extensive, nous montrons que F2Frec améliore bien le rappel, ainsi que la confiance dans les résultats avec une surcharge acceptable. Enfin, nus décrivons notre prototype de P2P-RS que nous avons implémenté pour valider notre proposition basée sur P2Prec et F2Frec. / Recommendation systems (RS) and P2P are both complementary in easing large-scale data sharing: RS to filter and personalize users' demands, and P2P to build decentralized large-scale data sharing systems. However, many challenges need to be overcome when building scalable, reliable and efficient RS atop P2P. In this work, we focus on large-scale communities, where users rate the contents they explore, and store in their local workspace high quality content related to their topics of interest. Our goal then is to provide a novel and efficient P2P-RS for this context. We exploit users' topics of interest (automatically extracted from users' contents and ratings) and social data (friendship and trust) as parameters to construct and maintain a social P2P overlay, and generate recommendations. The thesis addresses several related issues. First, we focus on the design of a scalable P2P-RS, called P2Prec, by leveraging collaborative- and content-based filtering recommendation approaches. We then propose the construction and maintenance of a P2P dynamic overlay using different gossip protocols. Our performance experimentation results show that P2Prec has the ability to get good recall with acceptable query processing load and network traffic. Second, we consider a more complex infrastructure in order to build and maintain a social P2P overlay, called F2Frec, which exploits social relationships between users. In this new infrastructure, we leverage content- and social-based filtering, in order to get a scalable P2P-RS that yields high quality and reliable recommendation results. Based on our extensive performance evaluation, we show that F2Frec increases recall, and the trust and confidence of the results with acceptable overhead. Finally, we describe our prototype of P2P-RS, which we developed to validate our proposal based on P2Prec and F2Frec.

Les matériaux absorbants acoustiques, qui sont d’un intérêt stratégique en aéronautique pour la diminution passive du bruit des réacteurs d’avion, conduisent à une physique complexe où l’écoulement turbulent, des ondes acoustiques, et l’absorbant interagissent. Cette thèse porte sur la simulation de cette interaction dans le problème modèle d’un écoulement de canal turbulent avec des parois impédantes, par le biais de simulations numériques aux grandes échelles implicites, dans un contexte de calcul haute performance.Une étude est d’abord faite des grandes échelles dans un canal turbulent avec des parois rigides, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à l’effet d’une faible compressibilité (Mach <3) sur les caractéristiques de ces échelles.Un canal turbulent avec une paroi de type impédance est ensuite simulé, avec une condition habituelle de périodicité dans le sens de l’écoulement. On observe que pour des faibles valeurs de la résistance et des fréquences de résonance basses, l’écoulement est instable, ce qui engendre une onde le long de l’absorbant, qui modifie la turbulence et augmente la trainée.Enfin, on se tourne vers une simulation de canal spatial en levant la condition de périodicité dans la direction de l’écoulement, ce qui permet d’introduire une onde acoustique en entrée de domaine. L’atténuation de l’onde dans l’écoulement turbulent est étudiée avec des parois rigides, puis un absorbant acoustique est introduit. Dans cette configuration plus réaliste, il est confirmé que l’écoulement peut devenir instable au bord amont de l’absorbant, ce qui empêche l’atténuation de l’onde acoustique incidente. / Acoustic liners are a key technology in aeronautics for the passive reduction of the noise generated by aircraft engines. They are employed in a complex flow scenario in which the acoustic waves, the turbulent flow, and the acoustic liner are interacting.During this thesis, in a context of high performance computing, a compressible Navier-Stokes solver has been developed to perform implicit large eddy simulations of a model problem of this interaction: a turbulent plane channel flow with one wall modeled as an impedance condition.As a preliminary step the wall-turbulence in rigid channel flows and associated large-scale motions are investigated. A straightforward algorithm to detect these flow features is developed and the effect of compressibility on the flow structures and their contribution to the drag are studied. Then, the interaction between the acoustic liner and turbulent flow is investigated assuming periodicity in the streamwise direction. It is shown that low resistance and low resonance frequency tend to trigger flow instability, which modifies the conventional wall-turbulence and also results in drag increase.Finally, the simulation of a spatial channel flow was addressed. In this case no periodicity is assumed and an acoustic wave can be injected at the inlet of the domain. The effect of turbulence on sound attenuation is studied without liner, before a liner is introduced on a part of the channel bottom wall. In this more realistic case, it is confirmed that low resistance acoustic liners trigger an instability at the leading edge of the liner, resulting in drag increase and excess noise generation.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le domaine de la simulation électromagnétique des problèmes de grande taille tels que la diffraction d’ondes planes par de larges plateformes et le rayonnement d’antennes aéroportées. Elle consiste à développer une méthode combinant décomposition en sous-domaines et compression hiérarchique des équations intégrales de frontière. Pour cela, nous rappelons dans un premier temps les points importants de la méthode des équations intégrales de frontière et de leur compression hiérarchique par l’algorithme ACA (Adaptive Cross Approximation). Ensuite, nous présentons la formulation IE-DDM (Integral Equations – Domain Decomposition Method) obtenue à partir d’une représentation intégrale des sous-domaines. Les matrices résultant de la discrétisation de cette formulation sont stockées au format H-matrice (matricehiérarchique). Un solveur spécialement adapté à la résolution de la formulation IE-DDM et à sa représentation hiérarchique a été conçu. Cette étude met en évidence l’efficacité de la décomposition en sous-domaines en tant que préconditionneur des équations intégrales. De plus, la méthode développée est rapide pour la résolution des problèmes à incidences multiples ainsi que la résolution des problèmes basses fréquences / This thesis is about the electromagnetic simulation of large scale problems as the wave scattering from aircrafts and the airborne antennas radiation. It consists in the development of a method combining domain decomposition and hierarchical compression of the surface integral equations. First, we remind the principles of the boundary element method and the hierarchical representation of the surface integral equations with the Adaptive Cross Approximation algorithm. Then, we present the IE-DDM formulation obtained from a sub-domain integral representation. The matrices resulting of the discretization of the formulation are stored in the H-matrix format. A solver especially fitted with the hierarchical representation of the IE-DDM formulation has been developed. This study highlights the efficiency of the sub-domain decomposition as a preconditioner of the integral equations. Moreover, the method is fast for the resolution of multiple incidences and the resolution of low frequencies problems

Nesta tese exploramos uma classe de modelos de N-sítios que foram desenvolvidos para produzir grandes hierarquias de escalas. Usando a abordagem de desconstrução dimensional e correspondências apropriadas, esses modelos puramente quadridimensionais coincidem com modelos AdS5 no limite do contínuo, que corresponde ao limite com um grande núumero de grupos de gauge. Por outro lado, no limite em que há poucos grupos de gauge, tais teorias possuem os acoplamentos entre estados excitados e modos zero dos campos muito distintos dos acoplamentos em construções AdS5, resultando em uma rica fenomenologia a ser explorada no Large Hadron Collider (LHC). O problema da hierarquia do Modelo Padrão (MP) é resolvido se o campo de Higgs estão localizado no infravermelho, assim como nas teorias Randall-Sundrum. A hierarquia de massa dos férmions do MP e misturas são obtidas pelas diferentes localizações dos modos zero dos férmions no espaço dos sítios. Essa estrutura é empregada para abordar o problema da hierarquia sob uma nova perspectiva. Nós mostramos que uma descrição efetiva com poucos sítios de uma dimensão extra curva pode implementar os recentemente introduzidos modelos de relaxion, que são uma nova alternativa para explicar a estabilidade radiativa do setor escalar do MP através do mecanismo de relaxação cosmológico. Esses modelos requerem que o campo experimente grandes variações, que s~ao difíceis de serem geradas em um modelo ultravioleta consistente e de serem compatíveis com o espaço compacto do relaxion. Nós propomos um modelo de N-sítios que gera naturalmente essa grande constante de decaimento necessária para abordar esses problemas. No nosso modelo, a matriz de massa dos pseudo Bósons de Nambu-Goldstone (pBNGs), cujo modo zero faz o papel do relaxion, é idêntica à matriz obtida para uma linha de Wilson pBNG na desconstrução de AdS5. / this thesis we explore a class of N-site models that were developed to generate large-scale hierarchies. Using the dimensional deconstruction approach and appropriate matchings, these purely four-dimensional theories coincide with AdS5 models in the continuum limit, which corresponds to the limit with a large number of gauge groups. On the other hand, in the coarse lattice limit such theories have very distinct couplings of the excited states to zero mode fields compared with AdS5 constructions, resulting in a rich phenomenology to be explored at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Standard Model (SM) hierarchy problem is solved if the Higgs field is infrared-localized as in Randall-Sundrum scenarios. The SM fermion mass hierarchy and mixings are obtained by different localizations of zero mode fermions in the theory space. This framework is employed to tackle the electroweak hierarchy problem from a new perspective. We show that an effective few site description of a warped extra dimension can implement the recently introduced relaxion models, which are a new alternative to explain the radiative stability of the SM scalar sector through the cosmological relaxation mechanism. These models require very large field excursions, which are difficult to generate in a consistent ultraviolet completion and to reconcile with the compact field space of the relaxion. We propose an N-site model that naturally generates the large decay constant needed to address these problems. In our model, the mass matrix of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Bosons (pNGBs), whose zero mode plays the role of the relaxion field, is identical to the one obtained for a pNGBWilson line in the deconstruction of AdS5.

Early Universe physics leaves distinct imprints on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Large-Scale Structure (LSS). The current cosmological paradigm to explain the origin of the structures we see in the Universe today (CMB and LSS), named Inflation, says that the Universe went through a period of accelerated expansion. Density fluctuations that eventually have grown into the temperature fluctuations of the CMB and the galaxies and other structures we see in the LSS come from the quantization of the scalar field (inflaton) which provokes the accelerated expansion. The most simple inflationary model, which contains only one slowly-rolling scalar field with canonical kinetic term in the action, produces a power-spectrum (Fourier transform of the two-point correlation function) approximately scale invariant and an almost null bispectrum (Fourier transform of the three-point correlation function). This characteristic is called Gaussianity, once random fields that follow a normal distribution have all the odd moments null. Yet, more complex inflationary models (with more scalar fields and/or non-trivial kinetic terms in the action, etc) and possible alternatives to inflation have a non-vanishing bispectrum which can be parametrized by a non-linearity parameter f_NL, whose value differs from model to model. In this work we studied the basic ingredients to understand such statements and focused on the observational evidences of this parameters and how the current and upcoming galaxy surveys are able to impose constraints to the value of f_NL with a better accuracy, through the multi-tracer technique, than those obtained by means of CMB measurements. / A física do Universo primordial deixa sinais distintos na Radiação Cósmica de Fundo (CMB) e Estrutura em Larga Escala (LSS). O paradigma atual da cosmologia explica a origem das estruturas que vemos hoje (CMB e LSS) através da inflação, teoria que diz que o Universo passou por um período de expansão acelerada. As flutuações de densidade que eventualmente crescem, dando origem às flutuações de temperatura da CMB, às galáxias e outras estruturas que vemos na LSS, provém da quantização do campo escalar (inflaton) que provoca a tal expansão acelerada. O modelo inflacionário mais simples, o qual contém um único campo escalar nas condições de rolamento lento e termo cinético canônico da ação, possui o espectro de potências (transformada de Fourier da função de correlação de dois pontos) aproximadamente invariante de escala e o bispectro (transformada de Fourier da função de correlação de três pontos) aproximadamente nulo. Tal característica é conhecida por Gaussianidade, uma vez que campos aleatórios cuja distribuição é uma normal tem todas as funções de correlação de ordem ímpar nulas. Contudo, modelos inflacionários mais complexos (mais campos escalares, termos cinéticos não-triviais na ação, etc) e alternativas possíveis à inflação possuem um bispectro não nulo, o qual pode ser parametrizado através do parâmetro de não-linearidade f_NL, cujo valor difere de modelo para modelo. Neste trabalho estudamos os ingredientes básicos para entender tais afirmações e focamos nas evidências observacionais desse parâmetro e como os levantamentos de galáxias atuais e futuros podem impor restrições ao valor de f_NL com uma precisão maior, através da técnica de múltiplos traçadores, do que aquelas obtidas com medidas da CMB.

Na ocorrência de uma ou de múltiplas faltas permanentes em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica é inevitável a ausência de fornecimento à algumas cargas. Contudo, devido à presença de chaves seccionadoras, após a localização e isolação do trecho sob falta, é possível restaurar o abastecimento de energia a estas cargas fora de serviço. Para tal é necessária a obtenção de um plano de restabelecimento adequado, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, capaz de informar as chaves que devem ser operadas a fim de reconectar estas cargas à rede e sem sobrecarregar nenhum equipamento. Neste sentido, têm sido propostas metodologias para auxiliar as atividades dos operadores de sistemas de distribuição por meio do fornecimento de planos de restabelecimento de energia em situações de contingência. Todavia, a aplicação da maioria destas técnicas restringe-se à redes pequenas, quando comparadas às redes reais que possuem milhares de barras e chaves. Em outras metodologias, na tentativa de superar esta limitação, são feitas simplificações na representação da rede, desconsiderando alguns dos seus elementos. Nestes casos, a solução fornecida para a rede simplificada pode não ter o mesmo desempenho na rede em operação, o que compromete a confiabilidade dessas metodologias. Em outros métodos, ainda, a rede é representada com todas as suas barras e chaves, no entanto, deixam de considerar a presença de consumidores especiais, que exigem prioridade de fornecimento, bem como de chaves existentes na rede que podem ser operadas remotamente. Face ao exposto, propõe-se uma metodologia para determinação, em tempo real, de planos de restabelecimento de energia elétrica em sistemas de distribuição de grande porte em situações de uma ou de múltiplas faltas. Para lidar com os múltiplos objetivos deste problema, sendo alguns dele conflitantes entre si, esta será baseada em Algoritmos Evolutivos Multi-Objetivo, enquanto que a representação computacional sem simplificações da rede será proporcionada por uma codificação de dados apoiada na teoria de grafos e denominada Representação Nó-Profundidade. A fim de diminuir o tempo e o custo de implementação dos planos obtidos, será considerada e dado prioridade de manobra às chaves controladas remotamente, que podem ser alteradas do centro de operações. Será dado prioridade também ao fornecimento de energia de consumidores especiais. Por fim, para cada plano de restabelecimento fornecido será definida uma sequência factível de chaves que, quando alteradas, reconectarão as cargas sãs fora de serviço e eliminarão sobrecargas ou perfis de tensão inadequados. Para validar a metodologia proposta serão realizadas simulações computacionais no sistema de distribuição real da cidade de São Carlos-SP, em operação no ano de 1994, e nas suas versões duplicada, quadruplicada e octuplicada. / The occurrence of one or multiple permanent faults in electric power distribution systems is inevitable the privation of the service to some loads. However, due to the presence of switches, after the location and isolation of the faulted section, you can restore the power supply to these out of service loads. To this it is necessary to obtain, as soon as possible, a suitable restoration plan. It must be able to inform the switches that must be operated in order to reconnect these loads without overloading on any network or equipment. In this sense, it has been proposed methods to assist the operators\' activities of the of distribution systems by providing plans to restore the service in contingency situations. However, the application of the most of these techniques is limited to small networks, when they are compared to real networks that have thousands of bars and keys. In other methodologies, in order to overcome this limitation, simplications are made in the representation of the network, ignoring some of its elements. In these cases, the solution provided for a simplied network may not have the same performance on the network in operation, which aects the reliability of these methodologies. In other methods, the network is represented with all of its bars and switches. However, these methodologies do not consider the presence of the special consumers that require service priority neither the switches that can be operated remotely. Given the above, we propose a methodology for determining, in real time, plans for service restoration in large-scale electric distribution systems in situations of one or multiple faults. To deal with the multiple objectives of this problem, some of them con icting, the proposed method will be based on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms. Moreover, the computational representation without simplications of the network will be provided by a data encoding based in graph theory and called Node-Depth Encoding. In order to reduce the time and cost of the implementation of the plans obtained, it will be considered and given priority to maneuvers in remotely controlled switches, which can be changed from the operation center. Priority will be given also to the power supply of special consumers. Finally, for each restoration plan provided will be gotten a feasible switching sequence that, when implemented, will reconnect the out of service loads and eliminate overloads or inadequate voltage proles. To validate the proposed methodology it will be performed computer simulations in the real distribution system of the São Carlos-SP city, in operation in 1994, and their doubled, quadruplicate and octuplicate versions.

A Lei 10.639/2003 instituiu a obrigatoriedade do ensino de História e Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira nos currículos da Educação Básica no Brasil. Este estudo busca compreender as razões da dificuldade de sua implementação, por meio de uma retomada dos percursos históricos trilhados para sua promulgação e da análise das Políticas Públicas federais e das produções acadêmicas a ela relacionadas, durante seus primeiros dez anos de vigência. A coesão entre as diversas políticas educacionais é fator, entre outros, que corrobora para a efetivação dessa legislação. Assim, delimitamos nosso objetivo específico - compreender em que intensidade e de que maneira a política de avaliação da Educação Básica - uma das políticas de destaque na atuação do Estado na área de Educação - pode contribuir para o objetivo de implementação da Lei 10.639/2003. Adotamos a técnica de análise de conteúdos para avaliar as provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Esta avaliação ainda tem característica marcadamente branca, presente em imagens, referências e ideários; ela abordou, entre 2003 e 2012, os conteúdos instituídos pela Lei 10.639/2003, porém com pouca frequência, sem abarcar todas as temáticas pertinentes, colocando apenas cinquenta por cento delas como preocupações centrais das questões ou fundamentais à resolução destas, sem permear todas as áreas do conhecimento, e ainda reproduzindo estereótipos sobre a África e/ou o negro/a. A abordagem teve uma melhora qualitativa a partir do ano de 2009. As avaliações em larga escala da Educação Básica podem contribuir para a implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 porque seus conteúdos têm o potencial de dar visibilidade aos temas que abrangem e de influenciar aquilo que efetivamente se ensina em sala de aula, diversificando e problematizando o currículo no tocante às temáticas instituídas por tal legislação. Essa capacidade é limitada, assim como a da própria escola, por sua inserção no aparato institucional do Estado, cuja estrutura está permeada e mantida como tal pelo racismo; mas pode contribuir para o tensionamento e a desconstrução dessas bases ideológicas a partir de suas próprias contradições internas, produzindo um contradiscurso. / Law 10.639/2003 has instituted the obligatory instruction of African and Afrobrasilian History and Culture in Basic Education curriculum on Brasil. This research tries to understand the reasons of its implementation difficulties, by retaking the historical routes coursed to its promulgation and by analyzing the federal Public Politics and the academic productions related to it, during its first ten years of validity. Cohesion between various educactional politics is a factor, between others, which contributes to that Law effectiveness. Thus, we have delimitated our specific object to perceive in which intensity and way the evaluation politics of Basic Education one of the spotlight politics on State operation in the area of Education can contribute to the object of Law 10.639/2003 implementation. We have adopted the content analysis technique to evaluate the tests of Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). This exam still has a markedly white feature, being in images, mentions and ideas; it has approached, between 2003 and 2012, contents established by Law 10.639/2003, but with little frequency, without covering all relevant topics, putting only fifty per cent of them as central worries of the questions or as fundamental knowledge to the solution of them, without permeating all knowledge areas, and still reproducing stereotypes about neger people and/or about Africa. Approach has had a qualitative improvement since the year 2009. Large scale evaluations of Basic Education can contribute to implementation of Law 10.639/2003 because its contents have the potencial of providing visibility to the topics approached by it and of influencing what actually is been teached in classroom, diversifying and problematizing curriculum regarding to the topics established by such Law. This ability is limited, as the one of school itself, by its insertion on institucional State trappings, whose structure is permeated and maintained as such by racism; but it can contributes to tension and deconstruct such ideological bases from its own internal contradictions, by producing a counterdiscourse.