MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

MCom (Human Resource Management) / Department of Human Resource Management and Labour Relations / The study investigated the relationship between leadership styles and organisational commitment in two selected higher education institutions in South Africa. Transformation is a topical issue in the South African higher education institutions. The slow progress in attempts to transform the sector can be attributed to leadership styles and commitment. The study employed a quantitative research design and made use of a self-administered questionnaire to gather data. The Multifactor-Leadership and Organisational Commitment questionnaires were used for data collection. The researcher used stratified sampling by grouping employees from each institution into academic and non-academic strata. In this study, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis were performed. The study indicated that transformational leadership and transactional leadership styles are significantly correlated with some of the organisational commitment constructs. The results further revealed that transformational leadership style explained the variance on organisational commitment better than transactional and laissez faire. Therefore, the study concludes that there is no one size fit all and recommended that each institution should diagnose its own situation for better pictorial view of what will work for that organisation. It is further recommended that leaders in higher education institutions should embrace more of transformational leadership as it has potential of transforming these institutions.

This diploma thesis deals with the psychological aspects of management focusing on the styles of leadership at the gynecological-obstetric department, specifically at the maternity hospital. The aim is to find out what kind of leadership is used by the senior and station nurses. This thesis explores how they interpret the management grid GRID and how they perceive themselves in terms of how midwives perform. For this research were choosen two hospitals, public and joint-stock company. That is why the objective was also to compare the interviews with midwives regarding their motivation, satisfaction and conflict occurance. Therefore the information was received that touched upon these topics and presented the perception of the workers in obstetrician. The theoretical part introduces the psychological aspects of leadership, so that the reader goes through chapters focusing on manager personality, management, leadership, work environment, work teams, motivation, workplace conflicts, stress, burnout syndrome, etc.. The empirical part is presented as part of the qualitative research, which presents the way of senior and station nurses with the help of the inspiration by design of the case study. Further a case study at the state hospital and a case study at joint-stock company are being developed with...

The diploma thesis deals with the management styles of directors of educational institutions in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to analyze the influence of the school principal's management style on the teaching staff in a connection with the management of work performance and the development of pedagogical staff. The first part of the thesis deals with and describes the theoretical background. It defines the basic concepts of general management, people management and specifies all for the school environment. It presents knowledge about leadership styles, about work performance, which is specified for work performance management in non-profit organizations. Another presented aspect of the leader's work is the professional development of employees, which in the field of education is represented by the school principal through a compulsory further education of pedagogical staff - in service. The second part of the thesis presents a questionnaire of sociologist Professor Dr Philip Hallinger entitled - The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale, abbreviated PIMRS, which the author of thesis translated and tested in the environment of Czech schools. The results of the empirical survey of questionnaires are supplemented by the results of semi-structured interviews with principals and teachers....

Ledarskapet är en viktig del i att skapa framgångsrika och konkurrenskraftiga organisationer där medarbetare mår bra och kan utvecklas (Granberg, 2011). Ledaren är den som har störst inflytande över de anställda då de med hjälp av sitt beteende kan påverka hur medarbetarna tänker och agerar (Granberg, 2011; Jacobsen & Thorsvik, 2014). Därför är det viktigt att första linjens chefer har de förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna utöva en ledarskapsstil som främjar motivation och engagemang, då det är en ledare som arbetar nära sina medarbetare. Chefernas ledarskap och arbetssituation inom äldreomsorgen har i stor utsträckning påverkats av Covid-19 pandemin och de restriktioner som upprättats (Coronakommissionen, 2020).Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur första linjens chefer inom äldreomsorgen upplever att pandemin har påverkat deras förutsättningar att utöva sitt ledarskap. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och datainsamlingen bygger på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning kring olika ledarskapsstilar.Resultatet visar att linjecheferna upplever en påverkan på både förutsättningar och ledarskap. Ständigt nya riktlinjer och rutiner har krävt ett mer flexibelt ledarskap, och nya arbetsuppgifter har lett till en högre arbetsbelastning. Pandemin har också skapat en stor oro hos både medar-betarna och cheferna, vilket har gjort att behovet av stöd från både organisationen och kollegor har ökat. Samtidigt har övergången från fysiska till digitala möten försvårat kommunikationen med medarbetare och kollegor, vilket i sin tur påverkat möjligheten att ge och få stöd.En slutsats som kan dras av resultatet är att cheferna har behövt kombinera olika ledarskapssti-lar under pandemin. För att kunna stötta oroliga medarbetare och se till att de nya riktlinjerna följs behövs en blandning av ett empatiskt och ett styrande ledarskap. / Leadership is an important part of creating successful and competitive organizations where em-ployees feel good and can develop (Granberg, 2011). The leader is the one who has the greatest influence over the employees as they can use their behavior to influence how the employees think and act (Granberg, 2011; Jacobsen & Thorsvik, 2014). Therefore, it is important that first-line managers practice a leadership style that promotes motivation and commitment as it is a leader who works closely with his employees. Managers' leadership and work situation in el-derly care have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and the restrictions that have been established (Coronakommissionen, 2020).The purpose of this study is to investigate how first-line managers in elderly care, feel that the pandemic has affected their ability to exercise their leadership. The study has a qualitative re-search approach, and the data collection is based on eight semi-structured interviews. The em-pirics have been analyzed with the help of previous research on different leadership styles.The results show that the line managers experience an impact on both conditions and leadership. Constantly changing guidelines and routines have required a more flexible leadership, and new tasks have led to a higher workload. The pandemic has also caused great concern among both employees and managers, which has increased the need for support from both the organization and colleagues. At the same time, the transition from physical to digital meetings has made it more difficult to communicate with employees and colleagues, which in turn has affected the ability to give and receive support.One conclusion that can be drawn from the result is that the managers had to combine different leadership styles during the pandemic. To be able to support anxious employees and ensure that the new guidelines are followed, a mixture of empathic and governing leadership is needed.

In a society where the sustainability trend is growing and becoming increasingly important, companies are expected to make clearer commitments to sustainability where consumers are increasingly demanding a change when it comes to among other things, production and social responsibility. In retail, there is a clear wave of sustainability due to increased knowledge and that consumers now do more conscious choices. In turn, this result in an increased pressure on companies as a whole but also on well-functioning leadership and internal communication at store level. At the same time, there is little research on the relationship between leadership and internal communication and the importance of employees during a sustainable organizational change. The overall purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between leadership and internal communication during a sustainable change. Further, the study intends to further answer two research questions:- How do leaders in retail work with internal communication to implement a sustainable organizational change?- How do store managers and employees experience internal communication and leadership during a sustainable organizational change? A delimitation has been made where the authors have chosen the retail company Clas Ohlson where the company’s ambitions for sustainability are in line with the government’s environmental goals until 2045, to be climate neutral. Furthermore, two stores have been selected to conduct the study. The qualitative study is based on an inductive approach with an exploratory approach, this entails a deeper analysis of the case study that is carried out. Nine respondents with three different positions within the company participated in semi-structured interviews and that additional data was collected from public published organizational document. A thematic analysis was conducted to encode the collected data where the authors found three primary factors that affect the relationship between leadership and internal communication during the sustainable organizational change: commitment, overflow of information and lack of time. The study finds that it is the commitment of the leaders through offering employee’s information and knowledge that can lead to a positive impact in the sustainable change. Furthermore, both the store manager and employees experience how communication has a negative effect due to the overflow of information that leads to employees having difficulty searching for information and the lack of time is often mentioned as a contributing factor. This leads us to the general conclusion that shows that it is not the leadership at a store level that affect, rather shortcomings in the communication which in turn, affects the implementation of the sustainable organizational change.

La investigación académica tiene como propósito explicar cuál es la relación entre el liderazgo y la motivación en las microempresas del sector de autopartes y accesorios en la ciudad de Cusco - Perú. Para lograr con el objetivo, se desarrolla un estudio cuantitativo correlacional y se describen los principales estilos de liderazgo y teorías de la motivación, el cual tiene como referencia al estudio realizado por los autores Specchia et al. (2021), un trabajo que muestra las correlaciones de cada tipo de liderazgo con la satisfacción laboral. Para obtener el resultado de la presente investigación se ha relacionado el liderazgo con la motivación que tienen las microempresas del sector autopartes y se busca conocer cuál es el estilo de liderazgo que prevalece en el sector de autopartes actualmente y cómo influye ello en la motivación de los colaboradores. Por último, el estudio ha concluido que existe relación considerable entre el liderazgo y la motivación, además el estilo de liderazgo transformacional y liberal presentan también relación con la variable motivación. / The purpose of the academic research is to explain the relationship between leadership and motivation in micro-enterprises in the auto parts and accessories sector in the city of Cusco - Peru. To achieve the objective, a quantitative correlational study is developed and the main leadership styles and motivation theories are described, which has as reference the study carried out by the authors Specchia et al. (2021), a study that shows the correlations of each type of leadership with job satisfaction. To obtain the result of the present investigation, leadership has been related to the motivation of micro-enterprises in the auto parts sector and it is sought to know what is the style of leadership that currently prevails in the auto parts sector and how this influences the motivation of employees. Finally, the study has concluded that there is a considerable relationship between leadership and motivation, in addition to the transformational and liberal leadership style also present a relationship with the variable motivation. / Tesis

En las últimas décadas, más aún con la Pandemia del COVID-19, los avances sobre los estilos de liderazgo vienen representando cambios que impactan en el desempeño individual, pero más aún grupal y organizacional debido a su relación con el desempeño laboral, como consecuencia de este oportunidad la investigación tuvo como objetivo: determinar la relación entre los estilos de liderazgo y el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo en las principales universidades privadas en Lima Metropolitana 2020. Material y Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptivo, correlacional, transeccional, no experimental. Se aplicó el cuestionario, de liderazgo CELID Forma S, creado por Castro et al. (2004) y Escala de Desempeño Laboral individual creado por Koopmans et al. (2013) y adaptado por Gabini y Salessi (2016); y validado por los autores a 195 trabajadores del área administrativa de las principales universidades de Lima-Metropolitana aplicando un muestreo aleatorio. Resultados: Existe una relación significativa entre los Estilos de Liderazgo y el Desempeño Laboral del personal administrativo en las principales universidades. Además, el género femenino tiene una mayor correlación con el estilo de liderazgo transaccional, mientras que, los hombres con el estilo de liderazgo transformacional / In recent decades, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, advances in leadership styles have been representing changes that impact on individual performance, but even more so on group and organizational performance due to their relationship with work performance. As a result of this opportunity, the objective of the research was: to determine the relationship between leadership styles and work performance of administrative personnel in the main private universities in Metropolitan Lima 2020. Material and Methods: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental research. The CELID Form S leadership questionnaire, created by Castro et al. (2004) and the Individual Work Performance Scale created by Koopmans et al. (2013) and adapted by Gabini and Salessi (2016) were applied and validated by the authors to 195 administrative workers of the main universities of Lima-Metropolitans applying a random sampling. Results: There is a significant relationship between Leadership Styles and Job Performance of administrative staff in the main universities. In addition, the female gender has a higher correlation with the transactional leadership style, while men have a higher correlation with the transformational leadership style. / Tesis

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la influencia de los estilos de liderazgo en el clima organizacional de las empresas del sector telecomunicaciones. El motivo por el cual la presente investigación se enfoca en las empresas del sector telecomunicaciones es debido a la relevancia de los servicios que brinda y el crecimiento destacable que ha tenido este sector los últimos años. Para lograr el análisis de esta investigación se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, causal y aplicado, con un diseño no experimental y transversal. Asimismo, con la finalidad de comprobar las hipótesis planteadas, se utilizaron dos instrumentos: (a) Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo (MLQ) adaptado por Castro y Martina (2004), y (b) CLIMOR adaptado por Rueda y Dos Santos (2011), ambos instrumentos fueron utilizados con el propósito de medir las variables de estilos de liderazgo y clima organizacional respectivamente. Estos instrumentos fueron aplicados a 389 empleados del sector telecomunicaciones en Lima Metropolitana dando como resultado que el estilo de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional influyen de manera positiva al clima organizacional, a diferencia del laizzes faire el cual influye de manera negativa al clima organizacional. Estos hallazgos resultan relevantes y son de gran aporte de conocimiento para las empresas de telecomunicaciones en Lima Metropolitana, de forma que sirva para incrementar el compromiso, motivación y satisfacción de los colaboradores y así generar mejores resultados productivos y económicos en la organización. / The purpose of this research work is to analyze the influence of leadership styles on the organizational climate of companies in the telecommunications sector. The reason why this research focuses on companies in the telecommunications sector is due to the relevance of the services it provides and the remarkable growth that this sector has had in recent years. To achieve the analysis of this research, a quantitative, causal and applied study was carried out, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Likewise, in order to test the hypotheses raised, two instruments were used: (a) Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) adapted by Castro and Martina (2004), and (b) CLIMOR adapted by Rueda and Dos Santos (2011), both instruments were used with the purpose of measuring the variables of leadership styles and organizational climate respectively. These instruments were applied to 389 employees in the telecommunications sector in Metropolitan Lima, resulting in the transformational and transactional leadership style having a positive influence on the organizational climate, unlike the laizzes faire, which negatively influences the organizational climate. These findings are relevant and are a great contribution of knowledge to telecommunications companies in Metropolitan Lima, so that it serves to increase the commitment, motivation and satisfaction of employees and thus generate better productive and economic results in the organization. / Tesis

El estudio de los estilos de liderazgo y la satisfacción laboral, a nivel investigativo ha despertado bastante interés en diferentes sectores, debido a la importancia que existe en conocer la relación entre las variables, y cómo éstas afectan en el éxito de las organizaciones, sumado a ello existe gran interés alrededor de la percepción de las personas en cuanto a sus experiencias psicológicas durante la etapa laboral (Aldape, Pedrozo, Castillo & Moguel, 2011). Por un lado, es importante el estudio del liderazgo porque es el proceso de influir en las personas en el camino hacia el logro de algún objetivo o meta (Chiang, Gomez & Salazar, 2014). Por otro lado, la satisfacción laboral es importante por el bienestar de los colaboradores, por la productividad y por el desempeño de los colaboradores que se refleja en los resultados de las organizaciones (Chiang et al., 2014). Asimismo, el sector bancario es un sector importante en el Perú, ya que está ligado al crecimiento económico del país, cumpliendo un rol de intermediación financiera e impulso a las pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas del país (Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, [SBS], 2021a). Para la presente investigación se aplicó a 369 colaboradores del sector bancario de Lima Centro, el cuestionario adaptado MLQ de Castro y Martina para medir los estilos de liderazgo y la escala de Satisfacción Laboral SL-SPC de Sonia Palma para medir la satisfacción laboral. Como resultado, se determinó la influencia positiva de los estilos de liderazgo en la satisfacción laboral, siendo el liderazgo transaccional y transformacional los más influyentes en los colaboradores del sector. / The study of leadership styles and job satisfaction, at the investigative level, has aroused considerable interest in different sectors, due to the importance of knowing the relationship between variables, and how to affect the organization´s success, in addition there is great interest around the perception of people regarding their psychological experiences during the work stage (Aldape, Pedrozo, Castillo & Moguel, 2011). On one hand, leadership is the process of influencing people to achieve their objectives and goals (Chiang, Gomez & Salazar, 2014). On the other hand, the job satisfaction is important for the employees well-being, for the performance and productivity of the employees, which is reflected on the organizations results (Chiang et al., 2014). Likewise, the banking sector in Peru has evolved positively, this sector is relevant due to is linked to the economic growth of the country, fulfilling a role of financial intermediation and promoting small, medium and large companies in the country (Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, [SBS], 2021a). For the present research, the adapted questionnaire MLQ by Castro and Martina was applied to 369 employees of the banking sector of Central Lima to measure leadership styles and the SL-SPC Job Satisfaction scale of Sonia Palma to measure job satisfaction. As a result, the positive influence of leadership styles on job satisfaction was determined, with transactional and transformational leadership being the most influential in the employees of the sector. / Tesis