The thesis focuses on problems from the mathematical didactic test, which represents an exam in mathematics in the common part of the school leaving examination. The aim of the work is to identify problems that were solved with low success, explain possible difficulties and propose recommendations, the implementation of which in teaching or training pupils could contribute to their better readiness for similar types of problems in the leaving exam. An analysis of the success in solving the problems of didactic tests is performed based on available anonymized data and the problems with the lowest success rates in solving the spring terms of the leaving exam in 2017-2020 are identified. Several problems are selected for research in this work. First, based on didactic analysis the possible reasons for low success in solving the selected problems are presented. Furthermore, research is carried out. A test is compiled from selected problems and it is presented for solution and optional commenting to respondents from high school. Their solutions are then evaluated and analyzed in detail and discussed with respect to previously formulated expectations. There were errors of a milder nature in the pupils' solutions, as well as errors indicating serious shortcomings in the understanding. Some of the errors...

The main topic of this thesis concentrates on the adolescents' leaving process from foster families in our Czech territory. The aim of the presented thesis is a deeper exploration of the leaving process preparation from foster families and circumstances connected with it. The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first of them deals with the adolescence period with its developmental specifics. The second one describes foster care and its partition in the Czech legislative system. The same one also presents available Czech and foreign research. The last chapter focuses on the two topics: the leaving process of adolescents from foster care from a legislative point of view and how it names participants who contribute to this leaving process. At last, it shows some useful Czech social care services for adults. The practical part of the thesis presents a realised qualitative study with three groups who contributed on foster care in the Czech area. These involved groups were adolescents (16+), their foster mothers who share the same household and social workers. This research tried to bring answers for the questions about the adolescents' leaving process from long-term foster care and other similar topics which deal with it. The results of the research were deeply analysed...

This study aims to examine how employees from protected shelters perceive that abused women on partner visas have experienced the leaving process and thereafter understand the possible impacts a person’s migration background can have. The study is based on five qualitative interviews with six employees from different protective shelters in Sweden, where results were analyzed through thematic analysis and based on intersectional theory. Results in this study show that oppressive norms and cultural traditions forces the women to remain in the relationship, and that being new in Sweden makes it more difficult for them to leave their spouses. The immigration legislation disadvantages these women, as the fear of deportation increases the risk of these women staying longer in abusive relationships with the protection rule being applied very restrictively setting requirements for evidence that are difficult to achieve. The decision to leave is often based on the women having been exposed to severe physical abuse that has required the authorities to intervene, the fear of harm to or losing children, and/or that the women have been supported and given information by outside sources.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som möjliggör för unga vuxna som vuxit upp i en hederskontext att bryta sig loss från dess hedersnormer. Hedersnormer kan innebära ett strukturerat levnadssätt från familjens och släktens påtryckningar, att bryta sig loss från hedersnormerna kan medföra ett uppbrott från gemenskapen. Detta är en kvalitativ studie som baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra unga vuxna som vuxit upp i en hederskontext. Alla intervjupersoner var mellan 20 och 25 år gamla och bor i Sverige. Studien besvarar följande frågeställningar: Vad har de unga vuxna för egen uppfattning om hederskontexten de själva har vuxit upp i? Vilka faktorer bidrar till att de unga vuxna kan bryta sig loss från hedersnormerna inom hederskontexten? Hur lever de unga vuxna som vill lämna hederskontexten i dagsläget? Resultaten visar att hederskontexten och dess hedersnormer formar de unga vuxnas liv och begränsar deras individualitet. Intervjupersonerna som växte upp i en hederskontext vill leva fritt utan begränsningar, normer och regler för att kunna utveckla självständiga liv som att få välja sin egen trosuppfattning, partner och livsstil. Intervjupersonerna befann sig i olika stadier av att bryta sig loss från hederskontexten, men alla hade olika bidragande faktorer som har hjälpt eller skulle kunna hjälpa dem att bryta sig loss. Bidragande faktorer som förekom i resultaten var studier och utbildning, flytt till en annan stad, att vara ekonomiskt oberoende, individens psykiska förhållningssätt samt omgivningen och dess motivation och stöd. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that make it possible for young adults who have grown up in an honor-based context to break free from its norms. Honor-based norms can mean a structured way of living, from the family and relatives pressure, and breaking free from honor-based norms can mean breaking free from the community. This is a qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with four young adults who grew up in an honor-based context. All interviewees were aged between 20 and 25 years old and live in Sweden. The study addresses the following questions: What is the young adults’ perception of the honor-based context in which they grew up? What factors contribute to the young adults' ability to break free from honor-based norms? How is life today for these young adults who wanted to leave the honor-based context? The results show that the honor-based context and its associated norms shape the lives of the young adults and limit their individuality. The interviewees who grew up in an honor-based context desire to live without restrictions, norms and rules in order to develop independent lives such as choosing their own beliefs, partners and lifestyle. The interviewees were at different stages of breaking free from their honor-based contexts, but each had varying contributing factors that have helped or could help them to break free. Contributing factors found in the results were education, moving to another city, being financially independent, the individual's psychological attitude and the people surrounding them with their motivation and support.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to identify assistant principals' self-reported levels of preparedness to support special education teachers and programming. "Special education is a federal mandate that is governed by state and local policies. For schools to provide a free and appropriate public education to students with disabilities, school leaders must be competent in order to effectively lead these programs" (Thompson, 2017, p. 46). In Virginia, special education is the highest critical shortage category of the top ten academic disciplines identified in the annual survey and has been since the 2006 published report (Virginia Department of Education, 2020). This quantitative study, may help to identify strengths and areas for growth for assistant principals in one school division and guide professional learning experiences for administrators moving forward. The study will include a purposeful sample of school based, Pk-12 assistant principals. Participants were invited to complete a three-part electronic survey questionnaire. The survey tool, developed by the researcher, aligned with the Council for Exceptional Children Initial and Advanced Preparedness Standards (2015). Participants provided demographic information, a Likert scale rating of their perceptions of preparedness to support special education teachers and programming, when considering eighteen job related statements, and recommendations for professional learning. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and identify findings and implications. Results of the study indicated that assistant principals agree they are prepared to support all areas of special education teachers and programming with the exception of post-secondary transition planning for students with disabilities. Results also indicated that assistant principals with an endorsement in special education agreed at a higher rate that they are prepared to support special education teachers and programming. Assistant principals identified professional learning needs in the areas of post-secondary transition opportunities for students with disabilities, support in understanding and implementing new law and policy related to special education, and support in the area of development of new programs, supports and services for students with disabilities. Findings and related implications were discussed and recommendations for future research were identified. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this study was to investigate assistant principals' self-reported preparedness to support special education teachers and programming. The study results identify responsibilities related to special education and relevant topic areas where assistant principals are prepared to support teachers and programming as well as areas where they do not agree they are prepared. The study also identifies areas where participants report they need additional professional learning opportunities, provided by the school division and outside of the school division. This study, using quantitative methodology, included a purposeful sample of school based, Pk-12 assistant principals. The research questions guiding the study were: (1) What are the self-reported perceptions of assistant principals' levels of preparedness to support special education teachers and programming? (2) What professional learning do assistant principals report that they need to increase their levels of preparedness to support special education teachers and programming? Participants were invited to complete a three-part electronic survey questionnaire. The survey tool was developed based on the Council for Exceptional Children Initial and Advanced Preparedness Standards (2015). Participants provided demographic information, a Likert scale ratings, and recommendations for professional learning. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results of the study indicated that assistant principals agree they are prepared to support all areas of special education teachers and programming with the exception of post-secondary transition planning for students with disabilities. Results also indicated that assistant principals with an endorsement in special education agreed at a higher rate that they are prepared to support special education teachers and programming. Assistant principals identified professional learning needs in the areas of post-secondary transition opportunities for students with disabilities, support in understanding and implementing new law and policy related to special education, and support in the area of development of new programs, supports and services for students with disabilities. Findings and related implications were discussed and recommendations for future research were identified.

Bakgrund: Psykolog är ett dokumenterat bristyrke i de flesta svenska regioner, trots att antalet utexaminerade ökat. Samtidigt finns intention att lämna yrket för en knapp femtedel av psykologer tre år efter examen. Tankar på att lämna yrket är den tydligaste prediktorn för att lämna yrket. Forskning har visat att en rad faktorer påverkar tankar på att lämna yrket. Syfte: (1) Undersöka faktorer som relateras till processen att lämna yrket hos psykologer, samt hur dessa relateras till varandra. (2) Undersöka vad de som lämnat yrket ser som bidragande till sitt beslut. Metod: Kvantitativ enkätdata som insamlats från nyexaminerade psykologer (n = 603) analyserades med korrelations- samt regressionsanalys, med tankar på att lämna yrket som beroende variabel. Kvalitativ enkätdata (n = 35) analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Regressionsanalys visade att övergång mellan studier och arbete, arbetstillfredsställelse samt arbetstempo påverkade tankar på att lämna. Även stressymptom tillförde viss förklaringsgrad. Bilden som växte fram i den kvalitativa analysen var att beslutet att lämna var komplicerat med blandade känslor. Främst arbetsmiljö, emotionell påverkan och engagemang för yrket angavs bidragande till beslutet att lämna. Anledningar att stanna kretsade i stället kring trygghet, kärnan i yrket samt belåtenhet. Slutsats: En fungerande övergång mellan studier och arbetsliv med tillräckligt mellanmänskligt stöd hade relevans för tankar på att lämna, så väl som andra arbetsmiljöfaktorer. / Background: Psychologist is an in-demand job in most Swedish regions, despite an increase in graduates. Simultaneously, three years after graduating a scant fifth of psychologists had intentions to leave the profession. Thoughts of leaving the profession is the clearest predictor of actually leaving. Research has shown a multitude of factors to be affecting thoughts of leaving the profession. Aim: (1) Examine factors related to the process of leaving the profession, as well as how these factors can be related to each other. (2) Examine what those who have already left the profession view as contributory to their decision. Method: Quantitative survey data that was collected from psychologists up to three years post-graduation (n = 603) was analyzed using correlation- and regression analysis, using thoughts of leaving the profession as the dependent variable. The qualitative survey data (n = 35) was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The regression analysis showed that work-study transition, work satisfaction and work tempo affected thoughts of leaving the profession. Symptoms of stress also added some explained variance. The picture that emerged from qualitative analysis was that the decision to leave was complicated with mixed emotions. Mainly work environment, emotional impact and engagement for the profession were contributing factors regarding the decision to leave. Reasons to stay in the profession referenced security, core of the profession as well as contentment. Conclusion: An adequate work-study transition, with sufficient interpersonal support was of relevance to thinking about leaving, as well as additional aspects of work environment.

Title: Teaching and Testing Writing. On the Common State School Leaving Exam in German Language. Author: Martina Kolářová Department: Institute of German Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Superviser: doc. PhDr. Marie Vachková, Ph.D. Abstract: This thesis deals with the topic of writing ability in lessons of German as a foreign language in a context of a State-school leaving exam in German language. New model of this exam is managed centrally and its global character influences the school study in all grammar schools. The thesis concentrates on the way in which this exam influences the study and which consequences it has for the writing ability of students. The research gains the data mainly from the point of view of teachers, but it considers the student's point of view too and analyses results of their written exams. The concern in this topic is based on the current situation of modification of the state-school leaving exam in foreign languages and the criticism of its benefits for students and their study. The foreign language testing has a long tradition and counts to detailed researched fields of didactics which allows a global view on the issues in context of other foreign language exams and on teaching fields connected with testing which creates a theoretical frame of this thesis....

2008年7月政府開放第一類大陸人民來臺觀光， 復於2011年6月開放陸客來臺個人旅遊，霎時大陸旅客蜂湧來臺，然持續擴大開放政策之同時，陸客利用觀光來臺涉犯諸如竊盜、詐欺、賣淫等違法案件所在多有，不禁令人擔憂後遺症是否浮現？ 本文研究目的，即在分析政府開放陸客第一類來臺觀光以來，對臺灣治安有哪些影響，並探討其因應對策。文中採用文獻分析法、深入訪談法及次級資料分析法等，並援引「非法移民」、「理性選擇」、「跨境犯罪」等理論，探究該政策實施迄今對我社會治安影響為何？及分析各治安機關執行陸客來臺觀光審核、管理與查緝之問題與瓶頸？ 經研究發現，政府開放陸客第一類來臺觀光以來，衍生之治安現象如下：(1)先脫團、後犯案模式轉變；(2)審核不嚴方便『合法入境掩護非法活動』行為；(3)人蛇集團仲介色情賣淫及跨境重大竊盜案、詐騙犯罪問題；(4)違法模式隨政策持續改變。另執行安全管理問題如下：(1)法令受政策影響，有欠通盤考量；(2)陸客人流審核管理現隱憂；(3)安全與經濟、人權呈現拉扯；(4)法制不同影響打擊犯罪合作；(5)審核人力、專業性不足；(6)旅行社業務轉讓，危機意識欠缺；(7)電信犯罪偵查困境仍待突破。 經歸納後提出以下建議：(1)法律制定作長期性考量；(2)設置兩岸官方辦事處，強化源頭管理、促進打擊犯罪；(3)卡式入境許可證結合悠遊卡、電子錢包促銷觀光；(4)兩岸防治跨境犯罪相關規定法制化；(5)檢討移民署組織人力與需求；(6)加強查察旅行社違規接待或轉讓業務；(7)強化治安實務交流與訓練，建構兩岸犯罪資料庫。 / In July 2008, Taiwanese government passed a legislation allowing tour groups from Mainland China to travel into Taiwan. In June 2011, Taiwanese government first allowed travelers from Mainland China on an individual basis and soon generated tremendous numbers of Chinese tourists in Taiwan. Nevertheless, when the opening policy for individual tourists from Mainland China increased substantially, illegal activities such as larceny, fraudulence, prostitution and so on emerged at the same time. It’s worrying that Chinese tourists may have had negative impacts on Taiwan. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impacts on the public security in Taiwan and countermeasures since legislation allowing tour groups from Mainland China to travel to Taiwan. In this paper, research methods (such as literature review, in-depth interview and secondary data analysis) are applied to investigate the impacts of the opening policy for Chinese tourists on the public security in Taiwan. Theories about “illegal immigrants,” “rational choice theory,” “transnational crime,” and so on are cited. The research found that the following negative influences on public security brought by allowing tour groups from Mainland China to travel into Taiwan: (1) tourists from Mainland China leaving the tour group first and using the different modus operandi to do illegal activities, (2) lenient examination on tourists from Mainland China leading to illegal activities covered by legal immigration, (3) criminal behaviors (e.g. trans-border larceny, prostitution, fraudulence, etc.) being conducted by people smuggling syndicates, (4) illegal activities appearing in different forms when the policy change happens. The following are problems of execution of safety control: (1) enactment of laws and orders being influenced by policies, not taking all things into consideration. (2) potential problems with the examination on tourists from Mainland China. (3) dilemma of choosing economy booting, safety control, or human right protection. (4) different legal systems influencing the cooperation of crime-fighting. (5) lack of manpower and insufficient professionalism. (6) travel agencies being lack of the awareness of crisis when transferring business. (7) the plight of the investigation on telephone fraud. Here are some suggestions inducted to solve the problems: (1) enacting the laws and orders with the long-run consideration. (2) establishing the official cross-strait office to enhance safety control and crime-fighting cooperation. (3) combining EasyCard and Visa Cash with entry permit to boost tourism. (4) enacting relating laws to prevent trans-border illegal activities. (5) reviewing the lack of manpower of National Immigration Agency. (6) enhancing the examination on travel agencies to check whether they accept tourists or convey business illegally or not. (7) intensifying the training courses of crime-fighting for police officers, sharing the practical experiences, and setting criminal databases.

Uppsatsens syfte är att genom familjehemsföräldrars berättelser få en ökad kunskap och fördjupad förståelse för hur eftervården tillämpas i praktiken gällande ungdomar i åldern 18 - 23 år som varit placerade i familjehem. För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvalitativ forskningsansats använts och det empiriska materialet har framtagits genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Inom studien genomfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt åtta familjehemsföräldrar. Under intervjuerna var temaområden vägledande: familjehemsföräldrars bild av dagens "stöd och hjälp efter avslutad  placering”/ eftervård, familjehemsföräldrars upplevelse av ungdomarnas behov av eftervård, samt familjehemsföräldrars syn på sin funktion i eftervården. Utifrån Meads symboliska interaktionism samt Bowlbys anknytingsteori analyserades det empiriska materialet. Resultatet visar att familjehemsföräldrarna ser behovet av ett långvarigt stöd för denna målgrupp, men anser att det som idag finns inte kan kallas eftervård. Vår slutsats är att det finns stora brister i eftervården för ungdomar som har varit placerade i familjehem, samt att insatser som finns inte är funktionellt utformade för denna målgrupp. För att detta ska kunna förändras krävs att ungdomarnas och familjehemsföräldrarnas behov i eftervården blir synliga. Familjehemsföräldrars uppdrag i eftervården behöver även utvecklas och förstärkas. / The purpose of the essay is to gain an increased knowledge and in-depth understanding of the use of aftercare in the practice of adolescents aged 18 - 23, who have been placed in a family home, through foster parents stories. To achieve the aim of the study, a qualitative research approach has been used and the empirical material has been developed through qualitative interviews. The study was conducted by six semistructured interviews of eight foster parents in total. During the interviews, thematic areas were indicative: foster parents view of “support and help after leaving care” a.k.a. aftercare, foster parents perception of adolescent need for aftercare and the foster parents view of their function in the aftercare. The empirin was analyzed based on concepts within Mead´s symbolic interactionism and Bowly´s theory of attachment. The result shows that foster parents see the need for a long term support for this target group, but believes that the existing support after leaving care cannot be called aftercare. Our conclusion is that there are major shortcomings in the aftercare of adolescents who have been placed in foster families, and that efforts that are available are not functionally designed for this target group. In order for this to change, it is necessary that the adolescents and foster parents needs of the aftercare are highlighted. The foster parents assignments in the aftercare need also to be developed and strengthened.