This thesis is concerned with the Czech doctor's campaign "Thanks, we are leaving" on the background of the health care system in the Czech Republic. The campaign started in 2010 by the Czech doctors trying to focus on the working conditions, salary conditions, educational system and some failures of the health care system with the aim to improve it. The campaign resulted in February 2011 in a compromise between doctors and Ministry of Health. This thesis focuses especially on media and on the interest group LOK (Medical union trade club) which set the agenda. The perception of the campaign is ambiguous both for the public and for the doctors themselves. The individual milestones of campaign are explained by the theory of punctuated equilibrium from the authors Bryan D. Jones and Frank R. Baumgartner. Using many helpful methods such as content analysis of media messages, semi- structured interviews with particular actors, analysis of secondary sources, stakeholder analysis or analysis of selected events in health policy I explained the core events and actors who participated in this campaign. The theoretical concepts used in this thesis are: public policy in its multidisciplinary meaning, health policy and health care system, punctuated equilibrium theory, theories concerned with interest groups...

This thesis describes the preparation for leaving of institutional care clients the objective in areas of transition from residential state institution to ordinary life with respect to former client's experience is an evaluation of institutional care client's expectations. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on residential state institution characteristics description, process by which the residential state institution clients are prepared for their normal life, dedication of experts responsible for an education who participates in this preparation process. To describe assistance and procedures for preparation of children for their normal life, abilities to find a housing, material security. The practical part of the thesis is focused on vision for student's future life, who are facing to the preparation for leaving in a future. It will be compared with the results of former client's expectations. Whereas the imagination hardly meets reality; the author would like to trace how big a difference between imagination and reality is. Research shows that residential state institution prepares clients for independent living but with relative lack of practical experience. There are no obvious differences among children from orphanages and the other children. Clients have a lack of know ledge in...

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar att utifrån ett genusperspektiv undersöka hur tre kvinnor tagit sig ur nära relationer till våldsutövande män. Vidare undersöks de möjligheter och hinder som återfinns i processen samt hur uppbrottet kan förstås i relation till samhällets genusordning. Empirin består av tre våldsutsatta kvinnors självbiografier och har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska verktyg utgörs av Lundgrens (2004) teori om normaliseringsprocessen, Holmberg och Enanders (2011) teori om uppbrottsprocessen samt Hirdmans (2003) teori om genussystemet. Resultatet visar att kvinnors uppbrottsprocess präglas av ett starkt emotionellt band samt mannens växling mellan värme och våld. Dessa faktorer samt mannens makt- och kontrollstrategier bidrar till maktobalansen i relationen. För att återfå kontroll har kvinnorna olika anpassnings- och motståndsstrategier. Trots att detta i de flesta fall leder till gränsförskjutning och normalisering av våldet, påvisar det att kvinnorna inte är "passiva offer" som stereotypen av den våldsutsatta kvnnan lyder. Denna kvalitativa studie visar mäns våld mot kvinnor kopplat till genusperspektiv. Dock har vi funnit att detta perspektiv inte visar hur kvinnor inte är underordnade i alla lägen samt att dem på en individuell nivå utövar motstånd mot makt och förtryck. / This qualitative study aims to examine three women's processes of leaving relationships to violent men from a gender perspective. Furthermore, this study examines the possibilities and obstacles that may arise during the process, as well as how leaving a violent relationship can be understood in regard to society's gender system. The data consists of three autobiographies of women who are victims of domestic violence and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study's theoretical tools are provided by Lundgren's (2004) theory of the normalization process, Holmberg and Enander's (2011) theory of the leaving process and Hirdman's (2003) theory of the gender system. The results show that the leaving process features a strong emotional bond and the man's transition from love to violence. It is these factors that along with the man's power and control strategies that together contribute to the imbalance of power in the relationship. To regain control, women have different strategies of adaption and resistance. Although in most cases this leads to a shift of boundries and a normalization of the violence, it shows that women are not "passive victims" like the stereotypical abused woman. This qualitative study shows men's violence against women in relation to gender perspective. However, we have found that the theory does not provide a perspective that shows how women are not always subordinated and that on an individual level exert resistance against power and oppression.

Våld i nära relation är ett allvarligt och utbrett samhällsproblem. Bara i Sverige har fler än 300 kvinnor dött till följd av våld i nära relation de senaste 20 åren och var femte vuxen kvinna i Sverige någon gång under sitt liv blivit utsatt för psykiskt eller fysiskt våld av en partner. Hur våldsrelationer porträtteras i samtida skönlitteratur kan ha en inverkan på läsarens uppfattning av fenomenet. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på om teorier gällande våld i nära relation reflekteras i beskrivningarna av våld i nära relation som återfinns i skönlitterära böcker.  I denna studie analyseras tre samtida skönlitterära bästsäljare utifrån teorin om normaliseringsprocessen, som bryts ner i tre delar; normalisering, internalisering och externalisering, samt teorier kring barns inverkan på våldsutsattas beslut att lämna eller att stanna kvar i relationen. Målet med studien är att undersöka om och hur dessa teorier speglas i litteraturen. Resultatet visar att delar av samtliga teorier speglas i alla tre författares berättelser. Hur tydligt teorierna speglas skiljer sig åt mellan böckerna, men vår uppfattning är att böckerna antagligen har bidragit till mer kunskap gällande våld i nära relation för läsaren. / Intimate partner violence, IPV, is a serious and widely-spread societal issue. In Sweden alone, more than 300 women have died during the last 20 years due to IPV and one in five adult women in Sweden have experienced psychological or physical violence from their partner during their lifetime. How IPV is portrayed in contemporary fiction may affect the readers image of the issue. The aim of this study is to explore if scientific theories about IPV are reflected in the descriptions of IPV in fictional books. Three contemporary bestsellers are analysed based on the concept of the normalisation process, which is broken down into three parts; normalisation, internalisation and externalisation, as well as theories regarding the impact children can have on the victim's decision to leave the relationship. The goal is to investigate whether and how these theories are reflected in the literature. The results show that all three theories are reflected in the books. How clearly the theories are reflected differs between the books, but our opinion is that the books have probably contributed to more knowledge regarding IPV for the reader.

The serious shortage of social workers (nationally) caused by their exodus from the profession at an alarming rate and the resultant classification of social work as a "scare skill" served as motivation for this research project into retention strategies to retain social workers for the profession. A qualitative research approach and an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 purposely selected participants in the geographically defined boundaries of the Northern Free State and Gauteng. Tesch's (in Creswell, 1994) and Guba's models (in Krefting, 1991) aided the processes of data collection and verification, respectively. The research findings uncovered: general and specific reasons for the social workers' exodus, feelings and emotional reactions of social workers subsequent to the early exodus from the profession, and retention proposals to retain social workers. Based on the findings, recommendation directed to practice, education, policy and further research, were made. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

The serious shortage of social workers (nationally) caused by their exodus from the profession at an alarming rate and the resultant classification of social work as a "scare skill" served as motivation for this research project into retention strategies to retain social workers for the profession. A qualitative research approach and an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 purposely selected participants in the geographically defined boundaries of the Northern Free State and Gauteng. Tesch's (in Creswell, 1994) and Guba's models (in Krefting, 1991) aided the processes of data collection and verification, respectively. The research findings uncovered: general and specific reasons for the social workers' exodus, feelings and emotional reactions of social workers subsequent to the early exodus from the profession, and retention proposals to retain social workers. Based on the findings, recommendation directed to practice, education, policy and further research, were made. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

Les femelles parasitoïdes exploitant un agrégat d’hôtes doivent ajuster leurs comportements en fonction des facteurs environnementaux auxquels elles sont soumises, dont la présence de compétiteurs dans l’environnement. L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer les impacts de la compétition sur les stratégies d’exploitation d’agrégats chez deux espèces de parasitoïdes non agressives. Les espèces Trichogramma pintoi et T. minutum (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae), des parasitoïdes d’œufs de lépidoptères, furent utilisées et leurs temps de résidence dans l’agrégat, leurs mécanismes de prise de décision et le sexe des descendants alloués furent mesurés en l'absence de compétition et en situation de compétition directe et indirecte, intra- et interspécifique. Trichogramma pintoi privilégie une stratégie générale basée uniquement sur la qualité perçue de l’agrégat. À l’inverse, T. minutum privilégie une stratégie adaptée au type de la compétition (directe ou indirecte) et à la nature des compétiteurs (intra ou interspécifiques), sans égards à la qualité de l’agrégat. La distinction de ces deux stratégies amène des perspectives de recherche intéressantes sur les impacts de la compétition à l’échelle du paysage, et est d’un intérêt certain pour ceux voulant améliorer l’efficacité des programmes et des élevages de masse utilisés en lutte biologique. / Female parasitoids must adjust their behavior in response to different environmental factors when foraging for hosts. One of the most important factors they must cope with is the presence of competitors in their environment. The objective of this study is to measure the effects competition has on the foraging strategies of non-aggressive parasitoids. We used the species Trichogramma pintoi and T. minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), two egg parasitoids of lepidoteran species. We measured patch residence times, patch-leaving mechanisms and progeny sex allocation of females foraging alone, and of females foraging under direct or indirect, intra- or interspecific competition. Trichogramma pintoi females favoured a general strategy entirely based on the perceived quality of the patch, whereas T. minutum females favoured a strategy that was adapted to the type of competition (direct or indirect) and to the nature of the competitors (intra- or interspecific) they were subjected to, with no regards for the quality of the patch. The distinction between these two strategies brings forth interesting research opportunities regarding the effects of competition at the landscape level, and should be of interest for biological control practitioners wishing to increase the efficacy of biological control programs and of commercial mass rearings.

Graduation exam from 2011 consists of two parts - a common (state) and profile (school). The first plan to hold this form of school-leaving examination appeared for the first government of Vaclav Klaus (Minister of Education Pilip) in 1994. The other nine governments have failed to agree on the form and implementation of school-leaving examination. The agreement was successful in August 2010 during the government of Peter Necas and Education Minister Josef Dobes. The aim was to evaluate the opinions of directors and commissioners of secondary schools of the Středočeský kraj for management activities associated with the common part of school- leaving examination in the initial phase in 2011 and assess whether there are critical points of sub-management activities, and may propose their modification.

Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis analyses six novels by different women writers, each of which rewrites an originally androcentric biblical story from a female perspective. These novels are The Red Tent by Anita Diamant, The Garden by Elsie Aidinoff, Leaving Eden by Ann Chamberlin, The Moon under her Feet by Clysta Kinstler, The Wild Girl by Michelle Roberts and Wisdom’s Daughter by India Edghill. By classifying these novels as feminist revisionist fiction, this study considers how they both subvert and revise the biblical narratives they are based on in order to offer readers new and gynocentric alternatives. With the intention of establishing the significance of such an endeavor, the study therefore employs the findings of feminist critique and theology to expose how the Bible, as a sexist text, has inspired, directly or indirectly, many of the patriarchal values that govern Western society and religion. Having established how biblical narratives have promoted and justified visions of women as marginal, subordinate and outside the realm of the sacred, we move on to explore how feminist rewritings of such narratives might function to challenge and transform androcentric ideology, patriarchal myth and phallocentric theology. The aim is to show that the new and different stories constructed within these revisionist novels re-conceptualise and re-imagine women, their place in society and their relation to the divine. Thus, as the title suggests, this thesis ultimately considers how women writers ‘steal’ the original biblical stories and transform them in ways that prove liberating for women. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis analiseer ses romans deur verskillende vroue skrywers - romans wat die oorspronklik androsentriese bybelse stories herskryf vanuit ’n vroulike perspektief. Die romans sluit in The Red Tent deur Anita Diamant, The Garden deur Elsie Aidinoff, Leaving Eden deur Ann Chamberlin, The Moon under her Feet deur Clysta Kinstler, The Wild Girl deur Michelle Roberts en Wisdom’s Daughter deur India Edghill. Deur hierdie romans te klassifiseer as feministiese revisionistiese fiksie, oorweeg hierdie studie hoe hulle die bybelse verhale waarop hulle gebaseer is, beide ondermyn en hersien om sodoende lesers nuwe en ginosentriese alternatiewe te bied. Met die voorneme om die betekenisvolheid van so ’n poging vas te stel, wend hierdie tesis dus die bevindings van feministiese kritiek en -teologie aan om bloot te lê hoe die Bybel, as ‘n seksistiese teks, baie van die patriargale waardes van die Westerse samelewing en godsdiens, direk of indirek, geïnspireer het. Nadat vasgestel is hoe bybelse verhale sienings van vroue as marginaal, ondergeskik en buite die sfeer van heiligheid bevorder en regverdig, beweeg die tesis aan om te ondersoek hoe feministiese herskrywings van sulke verhale, androsentriese ideologie, patriargale mite en fallosentriese teologie uitdaag en herskep. Die doelwit is om te wys dat die nuwe en anderste stories saamgestel in hierdie revisionistiese romans, vroue, hul plek in die samelewing en hul betrekking tot die goddelike, kan heroorweeg en herdink. Dus, soos die titel voorstel, oorweeg hierdie tesis primêr hoe vroue skrywers die oorspronklike bybelse stories ‘steel’ en herskep op maniere wat bevrydend vir vrouens blyk te wees.

Les jeunes qui réalisent la transition à l’autonomie à partir d’un milieu de vie substitut rencontrent plusieurs difficultés au début de l’âge adulte. Afin d’encadrer et préparer ces jeunes en lien avec cette étape cruciale de leur vie, plusieurs pays ont développé des programmes de préparation à l’autonomie. Toutefois, l’efficacité de ces programmes demeure méconnue. Objectif : Afin de contribuer aux connaissances actuelles, la présente recherche a pour objectif de mesurer l’efficacité des programmes de préparation à l’autonomie pour les jeunes placés en milieu de vie substitut. Méthodologie : Des méta-analyses ont été réalisées afin de mesurer les tailles d’effet pondérées pour trois dimensions reliées au passage à la vie adulte soit l’emploi, le logement et le réseau social. Les tailles d’effet ont été calculées sous forme de différences de moyennes standardisées ou Hedge’s g. Le modèle à effet fixe a été utilisé dans les analyses. Résultats : La revue systématique a permis d’identifier k = 9 études totalisant n = 7127 participants avec des données suffisantes pour réaliser une méta-analyse. Les résultats indiquent que les programmes de préparation à l’autonomie ont un très faible effet favorisant le groupe traitement comparativement aux jeunes ayant reçu les services habituels pour les dimensions de l’emploi (k = 5, n = 5778) et du logement (k = 5, n = 2467). Ces résultats ont été constatés un an à quatre ans après le temps zéro. Aucun effet significatif n’a été observé pour la dimension du réseau social (k = 5, n = 1797). Discussion : Devant la complexité des trajectoires de vie et des besoins des jeunes qui transitent à l’autonomie à partir d’un milieu de vie substitut, il est impératif que les programmes actuels prennent davantage en considération la réalité actuelle du passage à la vie adulte ainsi que les besoins particuliers de ces jeunes. Il s’agit notamment d’offrir des services qui s’étendent jusqu’à 25 ans et de mettre de l’avant une vision interdépendante du passage à la vie adulte dans les interventions. / Youth in out-of-home care face an uncertain future and disproportionate difficulties when aging out of care and into independent life as an adult. The difficulties these youth face have prompted governments in several countries to develop programs in order to prepare these youth for this critical period in their life. However, the effectiveness of these programs remains unknown. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to fill this gap in knowledge by measuring the effectiveness of independent living programs to prepare young people aging out of care for adulthood. Methodology: A series of meta-analysis were performed in order to measure the weighed effect sizes on three outcomes related to adulthood: employment, housing, and social support. The effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences or Hedge’s g. A fixed effect size model was used to perform the analyses. Results: k = 9 studies including a total of n = 7127 participants met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and had sufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis for the employment outcome (k = 5, n = 5778) and for the housing outcome (k = 5, n = 2467) show a very small effect favoring the treatment group compared to services as usual for these two outcomes, 1 to 4 years post baseline. No significant effect was found for the social support outcome (k = 5, n = 1797). Discussion: Considering the complex trajectories and needs of youth in out-of-home care, it is imperative that independent living programs better reflect today’s socioeconomic realities to better prepare youth for adulthood, and take into consideration the particular needs of these youth. It is recommended to extend the services until 25 years old and to put forward an interdependent vision of autonomy in the interventions provided to these youth.