Syftet med studien var att undersöka (1) relationen mellan chefers upplevda stress och kontroll och medarbetares arbetstillfredsställelse med chefen, (2) relationen mellan chefers upplevda stress och kontroll samt, (3) medarbetares arbetstillfredsställelse med chefen relaterat till angivna demografiska parametrar. 25 chefer besvarade en webbenkät om arbetsrelaterad stress och kontroll och 206 av deras medarbetare besvarade en webbenkät om arbetstillfredsställelse med sin chef. Resultaten visade ett samband mellan medarbetarnas arbetstillfredsställelse med chefen och chefens yrkesroll (delmått i stressinstrumentet) samt att medarbetarnas arbetstillfredsställelse påverkades av deras anställningstid och utbildningsnivå. Vidare visade resultaten att cheferna upplevde en högre grad av arbetsrelaterad stress än kontroll. Dessa resultat indikerar att chefer med en tydligt definierad yrkesroll har mer arbetstillfredställda medarbetare samt, och i linje med tidigare forskning, att medarbetarnas anställningstid och utbildningsnivå har betydelse för arbetstillfredsställelsen med chefen.

Detta examensarbete behandlar ämnet genus med fokus på en grupp femåriga barns tankar om leksaker och kön. Syftet utgörs av att undersöka om en grupp pojkar och flickor vid femårsålder tänker könsstereotypt om leksaker. Samt om dessa eventuella könsstereotypa tankar kan kopplas till föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå. För att söka svar på detta genomfördes en bildundersökning med 11 barn på en centralt belägen förskola i en medelstor svensk stad, de medverkande barnens föräldrar besvarade en enkät rörande barnens bakgrund så som syskon, leksaker och kamrater. Resultatet visade att yttre påverkan i form av föräldrars utbildningsnivå tycks ha ingen eller liten betydelse för barnens könsstereotypa tankar. Resultatet visade istället att faktorer så som eventuella syskon, syskonens ålder och kön samt föräldrarnas medvetna genustänk gentemot sina barn, var av stor vikt gällande barnens uppfattning om vilka leksaker som är kopplade till vilket kön. / The aim of this study is to show whether boys and girls at the age of five have gender stereotyped views about toys or not, and if their views can possibly be linked to the parents educational level. In order to answer this question we carried out a picture based study amongst 11 children in a preschool located in a town in Sweden. The parents also answered a survey with questions regarding their background such as siblings, toys, friends, educational level and work. The results showed that the parents’ educational level has little or no impact on the children’s answers in the study. Sibling or lack of siblings seems to be of bigger significance. But also if the parents have gender in mind when buying toys and clothes to their child. These two factors seem to be the most significant ones in relation to how the children associate different toys with gender and toys in our study.

Measuring and explaining poverty and its geographic differences in Indonesia is mostly confined to a single measure of poverty and to macro-level explanations. This thesis moves beyond these constraints to investigate regional poverty trends using multiple measures of poverty and to explore household and individual level explanations. The analyses in the thesis are undertaken using data from the SUSENAS core, covering the period 2000-2009. Different measures of poverty produce different numbers of poor. Some 33 million additional Indonesians were identified as poor using the $1.25 a day poverty measure than the official measure used by the government. The differences between both measures of poverty are, however, driven by poverty trends in the early 2000s, following the devastating impact of the 1997-1998 financial crisis. In the latter part of the 2000s, poverty trends were converging between the two poverty measures, suggesting some degree of reliability of Indonesia's official poverty measure. At the macro level, on average, increasing GDP is significantly associated with falling levels of poverty. The association is reduced marginally when the share of the informal workforce is taken into account, but in general the negative relationship remains robust. Regional analyses, however, reveal that GDP has a very small, insignificant negative association with poverty in the poorest region. At the individual level, education strongly determines poverty, independently of employment status. A substantial share of the primary and lower secondary qualified population is employed in informal work, yet their risk of poverty is substantially lower when compared to those with no formal qualification engaging as informal workers. More importantly, the highest risk of poverty exists among the unemployed who lack a formal education. This finding is highlighted because unemployment is often seen as having little relevance to poverty, since a higher proportion of the unemployed are tertiary educated. The 'penalty' on poverty for those occupying the lower tiers of educational qualification is heavier in less developed regions. Household level analysis show that the different groups of female-headed households (de facto, widows and divorcees) are less likely to be in poverty than male-headed couple households. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and the number of young children within households, however, female-headed divorcee households are found to be marginally poorer than male-headed couple households. Regional level analyses reveal that poverty is significantly higher in female divorcee-led households than in male-headed couple households in all regions, except in the most and least developed ones, where poverty is comparable between both groups.

Lexikal organisation hos äldre personer är ett relativt outforskat område. Studies syfte var att tillföra information om lexikal organisation hos äldre personer med svenska som modersmål i form av kartläggning av associationsmönster, samt att undersöka om samband fanns mellan associationsmönster och benämningsförmåga, ålder samt utbildningsnivå hos ovan nämnda population, då tidigare forskning om detta är begränsad. I studien deltog 45 personer i åldern 60 till 89 år, vilka delades in i tre olika grupper utefter ålder oavsett utbildningsnivå samt tre olika grupper baserade på utbildningsnivå oavsett ålder. Samtliga deltagare genomförde ett testbatteri inkluderande Boston Naming Test och en omarbetad version av Kents och Rosanoffs associationstest. Mini Mental State Examination i svensk revidering användes för att ge en översiktlig bild av deltagargruppens kognitiva förmåga. Resultaten visade att äldre personer har en hög andel paradigmatiska associationer. Vid jämförelse med tidigare forskning om associationsmönster hos unga vuxna upp till 26 år, har äldre en högre andel paradigmatiska associationer. En tendens fanns till ett samband mellan hög utbildningsnivå och högre andel syntagmatiska associationer än hos grupper med lägre utbildningsnivå. Inga samband kunde påvisas varken mellan associationsmönster och benämningsförmåga eller mellan associationsmönster och åldersvariation. / Lexical organisation in the elderly is a relatively unexplored area. The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of lexical organisation in an elderly, Swedish population through the mapping of associative patterns. The study also aimed to examine if relationships existed between association patterns and naming ability, age and level of education in the above-mentioned population. Participants in the present study were 45 persons between the ages of 60 to 89 years. They all had Swedish as their first language and they did not have any known aphasia or cognitive disorder. Participants were divided into three different groups based on age regardless of level of education, as well as three different groups based on level of education regardless of age level. All participants completed a test battery including Boston Naming Test and a remodelled version of the Kent and Rosanoff Association Test. A Swedish version of the Mini Mental State Examination was carried out to give basic view of cognitive ability in the participants. In comparison with earlier research on association patterns in young adults up to 26 years, older individuals have a higher number of paradigmatic associations. There was a tendency to a relationship between a higher level of education and a high number of syntagmatic associations, in comparison with groups with lower level of education. No relationship was found between association patterns and naming ability or between association patterns and age variation.

The dissertation deals with the critical analysis of the audit of the education system of the Czech Republic, issued in 2014 by EDUin non-profit organization. The theoretical part de- scribes basic characteristics of the education system in the context of the level of the Czech education phenomenon. The aim of the dissertation is to analyse the bases and sources which were used to elaborate the audit of the education system and to make comparison with stra- tegic and other relevant documents. The aim will be achieved on the basis of the results of research, the relevance of the audit, presented by EDUin organization, will be confirmed or disproved. The interview with the authors of the audit and the analysis of documents are research methods and techniques. The interview with authors of the audit brings the answers to the questions of the research survey: "What is the audit of the education system and why did EDUin organization issue the audit?"The authors feature motivational impulses, which encouraged them to issue the audit, and clarify the main aims of the audit. The second part of the research survey is carried out on the basis of the analysis of documents. In the end I evaluated the results of the research survey and as a follows-up to the field of study - the management of education, I found...

The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on election results in the municipal elections in the Czech Republic in 2014 Abstract This thesis is focus on the sociodemographic structure of the voters and its influence in municipal elections in the Czech Republic in 2014. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate electoral behavior of the population in local politics. The aim is also to define which characteristics are the most important for their decision. The thesis is focused on the parties which are the current members of Czech Parliament. Then the parties were divided into three groups of the political spectrum (left, right and center). The thesis will gradually focus on the subdiscipline of electoral geography (its definition and the development), on the municipal elections and on the development of the Parliamentary parties in the three theoretical chapters. The analysis will examine the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and the election results. The relationships will be examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Multiple Regression. Spatial issue will then explore IDW method. Keywords: electoral geography, election, election results, municipality, age, nationality, level of education, religion, unemployment

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of adult education in Mexico with an emphasis on the fight against illiteracy. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive picture of the forms of adult education in Mexico and to analyze its specific aspects and contexts. First, it focuses on the forms of adult education in the Latin American region, and then in Mexico itself. The historical context of adult education in Mexico and the current literacy efforts of the Mexican government and selected international actors are presented. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of illiteracy, its characteristics and the ways in which Mexican society copes with it. The merits of UNESCO and OECD in the fight against illiteracy are also highlighted. Then the Mexican education system, the most famous educational program for adult education and the legislative anchoring of adult education, are introduced. The role of the government's "Instituto Nacional para la Educación de los Adultos", which covers adult education services in the country, is not omitted either. Other topics and problems related to adult education are also discussed, such as educational backwardness, functional illiteracy, lifelong learning, etc. Finally, all knowledge about adult education in the country is summarized, put into context...

The diploma thesis deals with educationally disadvantaged student at public universities in Czechia. Thesis presumes the existence of educational inequality in Czech educational system and the effect of disadvantages based on attained education level of student's parents. These inequalities hadn't significantly changed even after the massification of tertiary education sector. The population of educationally disadvantaged in the thesis is equivalent to first generation student population, meaning the families with unattained tertiary education level. The main objective is to find out designs of policies targeting this group and to explore perception of the population. To achieve the goal, the thesis is using social construction of target framework. In this way, designs of applied policies are analyzed and the social construction of the target population is defined. The thesis uses qualitative research methods, using thematic document analysis of annual reports and long-term plans of all public universities and then uses the academic senate reports and semi-structured interviews with universities' representatives with selection of cases regarding the first analysis findings. The results show that educationally disadvantaged population remains undefined and there is a general lack of relevant...

Intimate partner violence is the most prevalent category of violence that women are experiencing and, globally, 30% of women are estimated to have suffered physical, emotional, or sexual IPV. Nigeria lacks clear anti-IPV legislation, and the proportion of IPV has received widespread attention from a human rights perspective. This study aims to investigate whether or not women’s level of education is related to their experience of intimate partner violence. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study that used secondary data analysis from the population-based 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Data on 2728 ever-married women were used and logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect women’s level of education has on their experience of Intimate partner violence. The key findings of the results concluded that women with secondary education had higher odds of experiencing any form of intimate partner violence compared to uneducated women. Women’s education was not found associated significantly with emotional IPV. Education has a protective effect on physical IPV and sexual IPV for women with primary education. Women’s level of education had a protective effect on some aspects of the violence.

Detta arbete har, med ett kvantitativt arbetssätt, undersökt hur socioekonomisk ojämlikhet kan påverka matematikutbildning på grundskolan. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur 15-åriga högstadieelever på skolor med högre respektive lägre genomsnittlig socioekonomisk profil upplever matematikundervisningen. Forskningsfrågorna handlar om hur elever upplever eget intresse och svårighet inom matematik, och hur elever upplever förväntningar från föräldrar och lärare samt deras egna mål på slutbetyg i matematik. För att beskriva skolornas socioekonomiska profil, användes föräldrarnas utbildningsbakgrund utifrån skolverkets SALSA-undersökning. Digitala enkäter i Google formulär användes i datainsamling för detta arbete. Univariata analyser med statistiska tabeller och signifikanstest (Wilcoxon test) används i dataanalysen. Totalt 19 elever på skolan med högre socioekonomisk status och 70 elever på skolan med lägre socioekonomisk status har deltagit i enkätundersökningen. Resultaten visar att elever på skolan med lägre socioekonomisk status upplever större förväntningar från föräldrar på deras betyg i matematik. Resultaten visar också att jämfört med elever på skolan med lägre socioekonomisk status, så tycker elever på skolan med högre socioekonomisk profil att matematik är enklare och att några matematiska områden som ingår i det centrala innehållet är mer intressanta. De matematiska områdena som taluppfattning, samband och förändring samt sannolikhet och statistik påverkas mest av elevers socioekonomisk status. Socioekonomisk status kan även påverka elevers gymnasieval där elever på skolan med högre socioekonomisk status har betydande högre vilja att söka gymnasieprogram som kräver matematisk kunskap. / This work has, with a quantitative approach, investigated how socio-economic inequality can affect mathematics education in primary school. The purpose of this work was to investigate how 15-year-old students at schools with higher and lower average socio-economic profile experience mathematics teaching. The research questions were how students experience their own interest and difficulty in mathematics, and how students experience expectations from parents and teachers as well as their own goals for final grades in mathematics. To describe the schools’ 'socio-economic profile, the parents' educational background was used based on the National Agency for Education's SALSA survey. Digital surveys in Google Forms were used as a data collection method. Univariate analysis with statistical tables and significance tests (Wilcoxon test) are applied in the data analysis. A total of 19 students at the school with higher socio-economic status and 70 students at the school with lower socio-economic status have participated in the survey. The results show that students at school with lower socio-economic status experience greater expectations from parents of their grades in mathematics. The results also show that compared with students at the school with a lower socio-economic status, students at the school with a higher socio-economic profile think that mathematics is simpler and that some mathematical areas that are included in the central content are more interesting. The mathematical areas such as number perception, connection and change as well as probability and statistics are most affected by students' socio-economic status. Socio-economic status can also affect students' upper secondary school choices, where students at the school with a higher socio-economic status have a significantly higher willingness to apply for upper secondary school programs that require mathematical knowledge.