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1	Odpovědnost za škodu způsobenou nezákonnou nečinností ve správním řízení / Liability for damage caused by unlawful activities in administrative procedure Trejbalová, Eva January 2015 (has links) This thesis is concentrated on the liability for damages caused by unlawful inactivity of the public administrative authority in the administrative process. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of this matter. Chapter One is introductory and discusses briefly the historical development of the liability for damages of public administration and describes the sources of law in the Czech law system. Chapter two generally deals with the liability for damages according to Law no. 82/1998, characterizes the forms of the liability of the public administrative authority for damages during the performance of public administration and figured out of subjects of the liability relationship. Chapter three tries to elucidate the tree basic preconditions of the liability for damages creation: the incorrect administrative proces, the material or immaterial damage formation and the casual nexus between them. Chapter four examines the unlawful inactivity as one of the form of the incorrect administrative process. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One describes the protraction in the administrative process. Part Two explains the question of inactivity of the initiating administrative proces ex officio. Part three deals with the influence of the using of...
2	Odpovědnost za škodu způsobenou nesprávným úředním postupem / Liability for harm caused by maladministration Moravec, Marek January 2016 (has links) This diploma thesis focuses on the topic of "Liability for damage caused by incorrect administrative procedure" under Act No. 82/1998 Coll., on liability for damage caused within the exercise of public authority by a decision or incorrect administrative procedure and on the amendment to Act No. 358/1992 Coll., on notaries and their activities (Notary Act), as amended. Formally, the thesis is divided into seven chapters, which are further split into individual subchapters. The first chapter deals with the historical development of legislation governing state liability within the exercise of public authority and with current sources of law, including the introduction of literature. The second chapter focuses on the characterization of the liability as a part of private law and on the basic definition of the term "incorrect administration procedure". This term is generally defined as any procedure of a public authority excluding decision-making activities, which is in conflict with generally applicable legal regulations. The third and fourth chapters respond to the adoption of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code, and analyse individual impacts of its secondary application to liability obligations. In particular, the thesis address the question of the conceptual change of liability, namely in direct...
3	Odpovědnost za škodu způsobenou autonomním dopravním prostředkem / Liability for damages caused by an autonomous vehicle Kosina, Kryštof January 2021 (has links) Liability for damages caused by an autonomous vehicle Abstract For several years now, autonomous vehicles have been one of the most interesting topics associated with the upcoming Industry 4.0 and the spread of artificial intelligence in society. This thesis therefore deals with the topic of autonomous vehicles as a subset of autonomous systems, specifically in connection with civil-law liability. It is probable that in the future there will be a massive expansion of autonomous means of transport in society, and it cannot be ruled out that a situation will arise where their setting will result in damage. The aim of this thesis is to present the models of liability, the use of which is discussed by jurisprudence in connection with autonomous vehicles, and to assess the possibility of using the current institutes of Civil Code, to find a suitable future solution. For this purpose, the thesis first deals with the concept of autonomous vehicles according to the Civil Code and other legislation and by using existing definitions of artificial intelligence deals with specific features of autonomous systems, as well as the status of specific persons associated with the operation of autonomous vehicles in light of current legislation, their typology and conditions of their operation itself. The second part of this...
4	Ekonomická analýza práva v oblasti odpovědnosti za škodu / Economic Analysis of Law in the Field of Liability for Damage Przeczek, Michal January 2016 (has links) Economic Analysis of Law in the Field of Liability for Damages This thesis focuses on the application of economic analysis of law, which is an approach enabling an alternative view of legal institutions because of its specific methodology. Although this theoretical school originated in the common law system, which is still its realm, the thesis shows potential overlaps to the system of civil law. Questions concerning civil liability for damages are examined as an example of a possible application. The initial chapter of the thesis is concerned with introducing the economic analysis of law. At first, it briefly describes its historical development including links to some related schools. Foundations, areas of resesarch, basic concepts and methodology are also examined in this chapter. The specific application of economic approach in relation to civil liability for damages is discussed in the second part. It describes the choice between negligence and strict liability, problem of causation and procedural aspects of claims for compensation for damage. Special attention is drawn to the Learned Hand test established by case-law as a method to assess the conditions of liability. This method is based on considering economic criteria using a cost analysis. The part dealing with behavioral findings extending...
5	Náhrada škody podle Úmluvy OSN o smlouvách o mezinárodní koupi zboží / Damages under the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international Sale of Goods Veselý, Tomáš January 2014 (has links) The recent decades have seen a steady growth of international trade of goods. In order to harmonize the legal environment concerning this materia, attempts for unification of international sales law have been made. In the field of sales of goods, several international instruments have been adopted. These include the (unsuccessful) Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods, the model laws, i.e. the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the Principles of European Contract Law, and, most notably, the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG). This master's thesis aims to explore one type of remedies for non-performance under the CISG, namely provisions on damages. In a great detail, articles 74, 77, 79 and 80 will be analysed. First, a detailed commentary on two major prerequisites for liability for damages, i.e. causation and foreseeability, will be given. The various factual and legal causation theories will be described. Then it will be demonstrated why it is just and useful that the CISG contains a provision for limiting liability to foreseeable loss and how foreseeability is measured. We will then move to another method of limiting damages - mitigation rule. It will be shown why it is in the aggrieved party's best...
6	Zodpovednosť zamestnanca za škodu / Employees liability for damages Daniš, Michal January 2011 (has links) This work deals with the theoretical definition of the basic concepts of employment law. It defines main participants of employment relations, outlines liability relations and explains function of the liability institute. Work is deeper devoted to general and specific labor responsibility and the practical part analyzes both historical and contemporary court decisions of the Czech and Slovak Republic in the matter. It evaluates development of legislation after separation of republics in 1993 and then compares differences on specific cases.
7	Vad anses som en kritisk punkt där skadeståndsskyldighet enligt principen culpa in contrahendo aktualiseras? / What is Considered a Critical Point Where Liability for Damages According to the Principle Culpa in Contrahendo is Triggered? Forsberg, Bella, Larsson, Jenny January 2021 (has links) Mycket kan gå fel när en part, i ett sent skede, väljer att hoppa av avtalsförhandlingarna i samband med ett bostadsköp eller en bostadsförsäljning. I svensk rätt är fastighetsköpet ett formalavtal vilket innebär att inget är bindande förrän formkraven är uppfyllda. Detta möjliggör att en part illojalt kan föra avtalsförhandlingar utan avsikt att ingå avtal, medan motparten ådrar sig kostnader som senare visar sig utan mening. I denna uppsats undersöks rättsfiguren culpa in contrahendo som innebär att en part som av oaktsamhet orsakat en skada för motparten i anknytning till avtalsförhandlingarna, kan komma att bli ersättningsskyldig för den inträffade skadan. Inte nog med att det krävs ett oaktsamt agerande för att ett prekontraktuellt ansvar skall aktualiseras ställs det även krav, utifrån rättspraxis och doktrin, på att avtalsförhandlingarna uppnått en kritisk punkt där lojalitetsplikten träder in. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka bringa klarhet i vad som kan betraktas som en kritisk punkt där ett skadeståndsansvar enligt principen om culpa in contrahendo blir gällande. Studien är främst baserad på en rättsvetenskaplig metod, som komplement har också en kvantitativ metod applicerats i form av en enkätundersökning. Utifrån rättspraxis har det kunnat fastställas att en kritisk punkt går att jämföra med de situationer där parterna undertecknat ett föravtal. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att den kritiska punkten möjligen har sitt inträdande i samband med att en av parterna undertecknar köpekontraktet. Viktigt att understryka är att respondenternas svar inte kan betraktas som gällande rätt. / A lot of things can go wrong when a part, at a late stage, exits during contract negotiations in connection with property conveyances. In Swedish law, the property purchase is a formal agreement, which means that nothing becomes binding until the formal requirements are met. This allows a part to disloyally negotiate agreements without intending to enter a contract, while the other part incurs costs that later prove meaningless. This essay investigates the legal figure culpa in contrahendo, which means that a part whose negligence causes an injury to the counterpart in connection with the contract negotiations may be liable for the damage. Not only is negligent behaviour required for a pre-contractual liability to be triggered, but there is also requirement, based on case law and jurisprudence, that the contract negotiations have reached a critical point where the duty of loyalty enters. The purpose of this essay is to try to clarify what can be considered a critical point where liability for damages according to the principle of culpa in contrahendo becomes valid. The study is mainly based on a legal method. As a complement, a quantitative method in the form of a study has been applied. Based on case law, it has been possible to establish that a critical point can be compared with the situations where the parties have signed a preliminary agreement. The results from the survey show that the critical point may have arisen when one of the parties signed the contract. It is important to emphasize that the respondent’s answers cannot be regarded as applicable law. Culpa in contrahendo critical point pre-contractual liability for damages property purchase Culpa in contrahendo kritisk punkt prekontraktuellt skadeståndsansvar fastighetsköp Law and Society Juridik och samhälle
8	Insolvenční řízení z pohledu povinností insolvenčního správce / Insolvency proceedings from the view of insolvency administrator's duties Pařezová, Kateřina January 2011 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with the insolvency administrator. The objects of this work are mainly are the duties that insolvency administrator has to execute during the insolvency proceeding and the necessary requirements for the performance of the insolvency administrator's function. The objective of this work is to clarify the role of insolvency administrator in the particular phases of insolvency proceedings in general terms and the definition of his position and responsibilities in different types of insolvency proceedings. The aim of this work is also to analyze the assumptions that insolvency administrator must meet in order to obtain permission to perform the function of the insolvency administrator.
9	Ochrana práv ve veřejné správě / Protection of Rights in Public Administration Plisková, Hana January 2016 (has links) 1 Abstract The public administration itself is bound by applicable legal provisions. Therefore, in case of breach of individual rights stemming from the legal system of the Czech Republic, every person is guaranteed a strict legal procedure with corresponding legal mechanisms, which aim to remedy the status caused by unlawful action or inaction of the public administration. The object of this dissertation focuses, in particular, on analysis of individual means of protection of rights in public administration (i.e. the issue of the protection of public subjective rights) and their mutual relationships between them at level of legal regulation de lege lata. However, certain space had to be dedicated also to the procedures of public administration in matters related to private subjective rights as even the public administration decides on certain matters of private law. As regards the protection of private rights by public administration I mentioned the dualism of the review of decisions of public bodies and certain examples of public administration deciding on matters of private subjective rights. Further I stressed the issue of civil liability related to the conduct of public administration, i.e. liability for damages caused by unlawful decision and unlawful procedure. Pursuant to the act on liability for...
10	Försäkringsskydd för skadeståndsansvar vid dataskyddsöverträdelser : En undersökning av försäkringsvillkorens omfattning och eventuella begränsningar i förhållande till art. 82 GDPR och grupptalan / Insurance coverage for liability in case of data protection breaches : An investigation into the extent and potential limitations of insurance terms in relation to art. 82 GDPR and class action lawsuits Nahlbom, Robin January 2024 (has links) I uppsatsen utreds försäkringsskyddet för skadeståndsansvar vid dataskyddsöverträdelser. GDPR är den centrala regleringen för personuppgiftsbehandling och fastställer ett antal principer som måste upprätthållas för att den ansvarige ska få behandla personuppgifter. Bryter den ansvarige mot förordningens principer har den registrerade rätt att kräva skadestånd enligt art. 82.1 GDPR. Förordningen fastställer tre kumulativa krav som måste vara uppfyllda för att skadeståndsskyldighet ska föreligga. Det innefattar att en överträdelse av GDPR har skett, att materiell eller immateriell skada till följd av denna överträdelse har uppstått och att det föreligger ett orsakssamband mellan skadan och överträdelsen. Förordningen innehåller även en bestämmelse som tar över medlemsstaternas nationella skadeståndsrättsliga bestämmelser, vilket innebär att GDPR ska tillämpas enligt sin ordalydelse och att de kumulativa kraven enligt art. 82.1 GDPR måste följas. Det innebär att nationella skadeståndsrättsliga begrepp inte bör jämställas med begrepp som framgår av art. 82.1 GDPR eftersom begreppen har tillkommit i en helt annan kontext. Exempelvis översätts i vissa fall materiella och immateriella skador till ekonomiska och ideella skador. Begreppen är inte synonyma och bör inte tillställas samma betydelse eftersom terminologin i art. 82.1 GDPR kan misstolkas. Försäkringsvillkoren som reglerar skadeståndsskyldigheten för dataskyddsöverträdelser och som även hänvisar till art. 82.1 GDPR, innehåller i vissa fall nationella skadeståndsrättsliga begrepp och även andra begrepp som inte framgår av förordningen. Det kan leda till att kongruensen mellan villkorens utformning och förordningens ordalydelse medför tolkningsproblematik vid bedömning om skadeståndsskyldighet föreligger. Därför bör försäkringsvillkoren endast innehålla sådan terminologi som framgår av art. 82.1 GDPR. Dataskyddsöverträdelser medför oftast att en stor grupp människor lider skada varför förordningen tillåter registrerade att föra grupptalan med hjälp av en ideell organisation enligt art. 80 GDPR. Teoretiskt sett kan skadeståndsbeloppen bli högre än försäkringsbeloppen varför det i sådana fall saknas ett försäkringsskydd för grupptalan för den personuppgiftsansvarige. Försäkringsvillkoren anger däremot ingenting om att försäkringen inte täcker ett sådant anspråk. Därmed ställs försäkringsbolagen inför utmaningen att hantera sådana anspråk, varför försäkringen bör uppdateras för att möta skadestånd i en grupptalan vid dataskyddsöverträdelser. / The essay investigates insurance coverage for liability for damages in the event of data protection breaches. GDPR is the central regulation for the processing of personal data and establishes a number of principles that must be upheld for the data controller to process personal data. If the data controller breaches the principles of the regulation, the data subject has the right to claim damages under Art. 82.1 GDPR. The regulation sets out three cumulative requirements that must be met for liability for damages to arise. This includes that a breach of the GDPR has occurred, that material or immaterial damage as a result of this breach has arisen, and that there is a causal link between the damage and the breach. The regulation also includes a provision that supersedes the national tort law provisions of Member States, which means that the GDPR shall be applied according to its wording and that the cumulative requirements under Art. 82.1 GDPR must be followed. This means that national tort law concepts should not be equated with concepts as set out in Art. 82.1 GDPR as the concepts have arisen in a completely different context. For example, in some cases, material and immaterial damages are translated into economic and non-economic damages. The concepts are not synonymous and should not be attributed the same meaning as the terminology in Art. 82.1 GDPR can be misinterpreted. The insurance terms and conditions that regulate liability for damages in the event of data protection breaches and also refer to Art. 82.1 GDPR, in some cases contain national tort law concepts and other concepts that are not evident in the regulation. This may lead to a lack of congruence between the wording of the terms and conditions and the wording of the regulation, resulting in interpretation issues when assessing whether liability for damages exists. Therefore, the insurance terms and conditions should only contain terminology as set out in Art. 82.1 GDPR. Data protection breaches usually result in harm to a large group of people, which is why the regulation allows data subjects to bring a collective action with the assistance of a not-for-profit organization under Art. 80 GDPR. Theoretically, damages awarded may exceed insurance coverage, which means there is no insurance coverage for collective actions for the data controller in such cases. However, the insurance terms and conditions do not specify that the insurance does not cover such a claim. Therefore, insurance companies are faced with the challenge of handling such claims, which is why the insurance should be updated to cover damages in a collective action in the event of data protection breaches. GDPR General Data Protection Regulation protection Insurances breach insurance Class action lawsuit terms and conditions Personal data Personal data protection Registered Privacy protection Insurance coverage sum insured Damages compensation Tort law Material damages Immaterial damages Violation Economic loss Insurance company European Union Personal Data Act Data integrity Confidentiality Confidentiality protection Information protection Personal data protection Insurance contract Liability for damages Data controller DPO Data processor Compensation for damages Claim for damages Insurance coverage Principles Data protection principles Compliance Insurance compensation Tort law Regulation Directive Law Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection Data protection officer European Data Protection Board Article 29 workgroup Article Article 82 Data controller responsibility Sanctions Administrative fines Data Protection Directive Artikel 82 GDPR Dataskydd Försäkring Försäkringar Databrottsförsäkring Grupptalan Försäkringsvillkor Personuppgift Personuppgifter Personuppgiftsskydd Registrerad Registrerade Integritetsskydd Försäkringsbelopp Skadestånd Skadeståndslag Materiell Immateriell Kränkning Förmögenhetsskada Försäkringsbolag Dataskyddsförordningen EU Personuppgiftslag Dataintegritet Sekretess Sekretessskydd Informationsskydd Personuppgiftsskydd Försäkringsavtal Skadeståndsskyldighet Skadeståndsansvar Personuppgiftsansvarig Personuppgiftsbiträde Skadeståndsersättning Skadeståndskrav Försäkringsskydd Principer Dataskyddsprinciper Regelefterlevnad Försäkringsersättning Skadeståndslagen Förordning Direktiv Lag Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten IMY Dataskyddsombud Data EDPB Artikel 82 Personuppgiftsansvar Sanktioner Sanktionsavgifter Dataskyddsdirektivet DPO Artikel 82 GDPR Artikel 82 Europeiska unionen Law and Society Juridik och samhälle

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