Performance in isiZulu radio drama is imaginative and abstract to the listeners and radio drama writers make use of semiotic signs to convey intended action or information to the listeners. This research is meant to uncover the role of semiotics in the isiZulu radio drama and the impact it has on the culture of the isiZulu-speaking community. This study was dedicated to answer the following research questions: • How does semiotics play its role in isiZulu radio drama? • To what extent does semiotics play its role in isiZulu radio drama? • What impact it has on the culture of isiZulu-speaking community? To answer these research questions the researcher formulated the following objectives: • To identify different semiotic signs that plays a significant role in isiZulu radio drama. • To explore the role of semiotic signs in isiZulu radio drama. • To analyse the role of semiotic signs in isiZulu radio drama. • To examine the extent to which semiotic signs can influence the revival of cultural knowledge in isiZulu-speaking community. • To suggest for further research on the role of semiotics in isiZulu radio drama and the impact it has on the culture of isiZulu-speaking community. The researcher used a mixed method consisting of quantitative and qualitative approaches which examined the research problem by surveying isiZulu radio drama listeners, observing selected isiZulu radio drama scripts and conducting a telephone interview with the participant. The researcher found that semiotics play significant and different roles in isiZulu radio dramas and has the potential to revive cultural knowledge of the isiZulu-speaking community. The researcher recommended further research on the grounds that this study did not focus on the infringement that exists in isiZulu language, which is used in isiZulu radio dramas to fit the socio-economic, political, technological and demographic changes whether such infringement still restore and revive cultural knowledge of the isiZulu-speaking community / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Individuals with laryngectomy must find a new way of generating voice after the larynx has been removed. In Sweden, the two most common options for this new form of alaryngeal voicing are electrolaryngeal (EL) speech and tracheoesophageal (TE) speech. Only a small amount of research has been conducted on how listeners perceive the speech of individuals with laryngectomy depending on the mode of speech (i.e., EL or TE) and the mode of presentation (i.e., audio only or audiovisual). The current study is one of few examples that aim to fill this gap in the literature. The study aims to examine how Swedish listeners perceive different alaryngeal speech modes (i.e., EL and TE) in both audio only and audiovisual conditions regarding the attributes intelligibility, prosody, speech rate, and listener effort, which were used as dependent variables. The design used for this study was 2´2 repeated measures MANOVA. The data was collected through an online survey, which was answered by 64 individuals. Four different surveys were created to present a randomized order between mode of presentation and mode of speech. One speaker per speech mode was included. The surveys were evenly distributed to the listeners through four links which consisted of 23 questions. Overall, results suggest that TE-speech was rated more favorably than EL-speech in both audio only and audiovisual presentation (mode of speech: p = .000, partial eta squared = .62). The difference between audio only and audiovisual presentation was not as distinct although a preference for the audiovisual presentation could be seen (mode of presentation: p = .00, partial eta squared = .25). Furthermore, no interaction effect between mode of presentation and mode of speech was observed, F(4) = 2.138, p = .09. The effect of mode of speech was statistically significant on all the individual dependent variables whereas the effect of mode of presentation only was statistically significant for intelligibility and listener effort. For those variables, the effect size for mode of presentation was larger than the effect size for mode of speech. However, the results should not be generalized to the larger population due to limitations that are described in the discussion. In addition, the current study provides suggestions for future studies. / Individer med laryngektomi behöver finna ett alternativt sätt att producera röst på efter att larynx har avlägsnats. Två alternativ som finns för att forma den nya rösten är de alaryngeala talsätten elektrolaryngealt tal och trakeoesofagealt tal. Nuvarande forskning är sparsam gällande hur lyssnare uppfattar individers tal efter laryngektomi beroende på talsätt (elektrolaryngealt eller trakeoesofagealt) och presentationssätt (audio eller audiovisuellt). Studien är ett av få exempel som syftar till att fylla denna lucka i litteraturen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur svenska lyssnare uppfattar olika alaryngeala talsätt gällande presentationssätten, i avseende på de beroende variablerna förståelighet, prosodi, talhastighet och lyssnaransträngning. Studien använde en MANOVA med 2´2 upprepade mätningar. Data samlades in via enkäter som besvarades av 64 personer. Fyra enkäter skapades för att presentera en randomiserad ordning mellan presentationssätt och talsätt, där en talare per talsätt inkluderades. Enkäterna delades ut till lyssnarna genom fyra länkar som vardera bestod av 23 frågor. Resultaten tyder på att trakeoesofagealt tal totalt sett skattades högre än elektrolaryngealt tal i båda presentationssätten (p = .000, partial eta squared = .62). Skillnaden mellan audio- och audiovisuellt presentationssätt var inte lika tydlig även om en preferens för det audiovisuella presentationssättet fanns, (p = .00, partial eta squared = .25). Vidare observerades ingen interaktion mellan presentationssätt och talsätt, (F (4) = 2.138, p =.09). Talsätt gav en statistiskt signifikant effekt på alla beroende variabler, medan presentationssätt enbart gav en statistiskt signifikant effekt på variablerna förståelighet och lyssnaransträngning. Resultaten bör dock inte generaliseras till hela populationen på grund av studiens begränsningar som beskrivs i diskussionen. Vidare bidrar uppsatsen även till förslag inom ämnet för framtida studier.

Text in German / Zusammenfassung Die Predigten zur Parusie Jesu finden im Perikopenplan der Evangelischen Landeskirche eine geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Die Thematik beschränkt sich auf das Ende, wie auf den Anfang des Kirchenjahres, genauer gesagt auf den 2. Advent. Das Thema der Parusie Jesu ist nicht unbedingt ein Hauptthema in der Predigtarbeit. Aber die Parusie Jesu ist das Hauptziel des Glaubens der Christen. Durch diese Arbeit soll der Predigtarbeit, sowie dem Thema der Parusie Jesu mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird die DDR Sozial- und Kirchengeschichte mit den Kurzbiographien der Prediger vorgestellt. Diese sind zum Teil Hintergrundinformation für die Predigtanalysen. Die Arbeit widmet sich einer Predigtanalyse zum biblischen Hintergrund und zum historischen Hintergrund der DDR, um den Stellenwert der Parusie Jesu in den Predigten zu erforschen. Die Bewertung der Predigtpraxis und die Evaluation bilden den Abschluss der Arbeit. Zusammenfassung Die Predigten zur Parusie Jesu finden im Perikopenplan der Evangelischen Landeskirche eine geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Die Thematik beschränkt sich auf das Ende, wie auf den Anfang des Kirchenjahres, genauer gesagt auf den 2. Advent. Das Thema der Parusie Jesu ist nicht unbedingt ein Hauptthema in der Predigtarbeit. Aber die Parusie Jesu ist das Hauptziel des Glaubens der Christen. Durch diese Arbeit soll der Predigtarbeit, sowie dem Thema der Parusie Jesu mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird die DDR Sozial- und Kirchengeschichte mit den Kurzbiographien der Prediger vorgestellt. Diese sind zum Teil Hintergrundinformation für die Predigtanalysen. Die Arbeit widmet sich einer Predigtanalyse zum biblischen Hintergrund und zum historischen Hintergrund der DDR, um den Stellenwert der Parusie Jesu in den Predigten zu erforschen. Die Bewertung der Predigtpraxis und die Evaluation bilden den Abschluss der Arbeit. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology))

Desde hace algunas décadas, abundan las obras sobre la lengua en los medios de comunicación, pero son escasos los estudios lingüísticos sobre la prensa destinada específicamente a las mujeres. Creemos que la influencia de este género periodístico así como su capacidad para crear opinión y configurar distintos tipos de mujer, bien merecen un análisis en profundidad de los recursos lingüísticos y de las estrategias discursivas predominantes. Nuestro propósito es estudiar las modalidades de la enunciación, pues pensamos que esta categoría lingüística es la que mejor puede dar cuenta de las relaciones que se establecen entre el enunciador y el enunciatario, según la definición que de estos proporcionan Greimas y Courtés (1982: 148). / For some decades, the works about language in the media are plentiful, but they are scarce the linguistic studies on the press dedicated to the women specifically. We believe that the influence of this journalistic gender as well as their capacity to create opinion and to configure different woman roles, well they deserve an analysis in depth of the linguistic resources and of the predominant linguistic strategies. Our purpose is to study the enunciation modalities, because we think that this linguistic category is the one that better can give a bill with the relationships between the speaker and the listener, according to the definition that of these provided y Greimas and Courtés (1982: 148)

Text in German / Zusammenfassung Die Predigten zur Parusie Jesu finden im Perikopenplan der Evangelischen Landeskirche eine geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Die Thematik beschränkt sich auf das Ende, wie auf den Anfang des Kirchenjahres, genauer gesagt auf den 2. Advent. Das Thema der Parusie Jesu ist nicht unbedingt ein Hauptthema in der Predigtarbeit. Aber die Parusie Jesu ist das Hauptziel des Glaubens der Christen. Durch diese Arbeit soll der Predigtarbeit, sowie dem Thema der Parusie Jesu mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird die DDR Sozial- und Kirchengeschichte mit den Kurzbiographien der Prediger vorgestellt. Diese sind zum Teil Hintergrundinformation für die Predigtanalysen. Die Arbeit widmet sich einer Predigtanalyse zum biblischen Hintergrund und zum historischen Hintergrund der DDR, um den Stellenwert der Parusie Jesu in den Predigten zu erforschen. Die Bewertung der Predigtpraxis und die Evaluation bilden den Abschluss der Arbeit. Zusammenfassung Die Predigten zur Parusie Jesu finden im Perikopenplan der Evangelischen Landeskirche eine geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Die Thematik beschränkt sich auf das Ende, wie auf den Anfang des Kirchenjahres, genauer gesagt auf den 2. Advent. Das Thema der Parusie Jesu ist nicht unbedingt ein Hauptthema in der Predigtarbeit. Aber die Parusie Jesu ist das Hauptziel des Glaubens der Christen. Durch diese Arbeit soll der Predigtarbeit, sowie dem Thema der Parusie Jesu mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird die DDR Sozial- und Kirchengeschichte mit den Kurzbiographien der Prediger vorgestellt. Diese sind zum Teil Hintergrundinformation für die Predigtanalysen. Die Arbeit widmet sich einer Predigtanalyse zum biblischen Hintergrund und zum historischen Hintergrund der DDR, um den Stellenwert der Parusie Jesu in den Predigten zu erforschen. Die Bewertung der Predigtpraxis und die Evaluation bilden den Abschluss der Arbeit. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology))

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5494.pdf: 509039 bytes, checksum: 2c67d6e315ef4b907f1eaf7b6a7c9dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This dissertation was based on four empirical research reports submitted for publication in specialized journals. The empirical researches laid the foundations for a theoretical analysis on Stimulus Control and discrimination learning by children about two-yearsold. Each of the four empirical reports have adjusted procedures for teaching discrimination, which have produced: 1) simple discrimination learning by children from 10- to 20-months-old; 2) simple discrimination and discrimination reversal learning by toddlers aged 15- to 23-months; 3) rapid listener behavior learning by a toddler aged 17- to 22-months; 4) identity conditional discrimination learning by seven toddlers aged 14- to 27-months and generalization from object-object relation with an abstract stimulus pair to the photo-object and video-object relations by a toddler aged 27- to 29-months. Based on the experimental data, the processes probably involved in the rapid discrimination learning by toddlers in their everyday interactions were brought out. Concerning vocabulary acquisition, responding by exclusion and ostensive learning were emphasized. Regarding concept formation, the processes of generalization between similar stimuli and equivalence class formation between dissimilar stimuli were addressed. The challenges in defining appropriated experimental procedures for investigating discrimination acquisition by toddlers in translational research were discussed. Additionally, we were concerned on the homology between the learning processes involved in the phenomena observed in everyday interactions of toddlers with their verbal community and the learning processes involved in the experimental procedures. / O trabalho de tese consta de uma análise da literatura sobre Controle de Estímulos e aprendizagem de discriminações por crianças em torno de dois anos de idade e dos procedimentos e resultados de quatro relatos de pesquisa experimental que foram discutidos à luz da literatura. Os relatos foram redigidos na forma de artigos e foram submetidos para publicação em periódicos especializados. Os quatro experimentos ajustaram procedimentos de ensino de discriminações que produziram: 1) aprendizagem de discriminações simples por bebês entre 10 e 20 meses de idade; 2) aprendizagem de discriminações simples e reversões das discriminações simples por bebês entre 15 e 23 meses de idade; 3) aprendizagem rápida de comportamento de ouvinte por um bebê entre 17 e 22 meses de idade; 4) aprendizagem de discriminações condicionais por identidade por sete bebês entre 14 e 27 meses; a demonstração de generalização da relação objeto-objeto com um par de estímulos abstratos para a relação foto-objeto e vídeo-objeto por um bebê entre 27 e 29 meses de idade. Face aos dados, destacaram-se os processos possivelmente envolvidos no ambiente natural dos bebês e que propiciam a aprendizagem rápida de discriminações: em relação à aquisição de vocabulário, enfatizaram-se o responder por exclusão e a aprendizagem ostensiva; na formação de conceitos, ressaltaram-se os processos de generalização entre estímulos similares e processos de formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes, que incluem estímulos dissimilares. Foram discutidos os desafios encontrados para a definição de procedimentos experimentais apropriados para a investigação da aquisição de discriminações por bebês na pesquisa translacional, discutindo-se a homologia dos processos de aprendizagem possivelmente envolvidos nos fenômenos observados no cotidiano de interações dos bebês e aqueles propostos no ambiente experimental.

Sammanfattning Att kunna identifiera och förstå olika varieteter av målspråket är en grundläggande förutsättning för att andraspråksinlärare av svenska ska kunna bli fullständig deltagare i dagens flerspråkiga svenska samhälle. Den här studien har till syfte att explorativt undersöka vuxna andraspråksinlärares tillägnande av kunskaper i språklig variation vad gäller modersmålssvenska och andraspråkssvenska, samt deras sociolingvistiska medvetenhet. Detta testas och analyseras genom olika moment i ett lyssnarexperiment, dvs. hur L2-lyssnare bedömer olika talare, hur de förklarar sin bedömning och hur de uppfattar sig själva jämfört med olika talare. En bakgrundsenkät används för att samla in information om språklig erfarenhet och koppla den till L2-lyssnarnas bedömningar. Resultaten pekar mot att studiens L2-lyssnare varierar väldigt mycket vad gäller kunskaper i variation, och vissa lyssnare verkar även ha helt identiska bedömningar med modersmålskontrollgruppen. Studien har däremot inte kunnat påvisa någon korrelation mellan språklig erfarenhet och L2-lyssnarnas bedömningar. Det presenteras möjliga tolkningar av och förklaringar till vad som kan ha påverkan på L2-lyssnares kunskaper. / Abstract Being able to identify and understand different varieties of the target language is a fundamental condition for learners of Swedish as a second language in order to gain full language proficiency and become a participant in today’s multilingual Swedish society. The present study is an explorative investigation of how adult second language learners acquire knowledge of native and non-native variation in Swedish and of sociolinguistic awareness. A listening experiment is used to collect and analyse data in three steps, i.e. how L2 listeners judge different speakers, how they explain their judgements, and how they perceive their own Swedish compared to different speakers. A questionnaire is used to collect information about language experience and to find correlations between this and L2 listeners’ judgements. The results indicate that L2 listeners’ knowledge of variation varies to a great extent, and that some of them seem to have identical judgements to the native control group. The data in this study does not support that there are any correlations between L2 listeners’ language experience and judgements. Possible interpretations and explanations of what can affect L2 listeners’ knowledge are presented as well.

Cette thèse présente les résultats d'une recherche sur la musique au cinéma et la prolongation de l'expérience cinématographique en dehors de l'espace et du temps du dispositif cinématographique par l'écoute de la bande originale du film. Plus particulièrement elle aborde la bande originale du film en tant que musique emblématique de l'univers filmique. Elle instruit une réflexion sur la place de la musique dans nos vies et sa capacité à créer et recréer des expériences esthétiques du quotidien. A partir de la tripartition sémiologique développée par Jean Molino, nous proposons d'appréhender la bande originale de l'univers Disney depuis les conditions et le contexte de sa production d'abord, c'est-à-dire au niveau «poïétique ». Nous procédons à l'analyse de l'univers filmique et musical ensuite en nous plaçant au niveau « neutre » de l’œuvre. Enfin, par le biais d'une enquête par questionnaire dans le cadre d'un protocole de recherche expérimental nous analysons la réception de la bande originale de film à son niveau « esthésique ». Le mickeymousing, technique cinématographique définissant la ponctuation narrative des mouvements par la musique, est appréhendé comme une forme d'esthétisation du réel. Entre synchronisation, emblème et réel esthétisé cette recherche porte, in fine, sur l'esthétisation cinématographique du quotidien par la musique. De la bande originale de film à la bande originale de vie, les fonctions emblématiques de la musique sont décrites par une ethnographie de la musique au quotidien (festivals, trains, Disneyland, rayons des disquaires). / This thesis presents the results of a research on music in cinema and the extension of the cinematographic experience out of the cinematographic model by listening to the film score. More specifically, it addresses the issue of the film score being the emblematic music of the film environment. Being such, it generates a reflexion about the role of music in our lives and its capacity to create and recreate aesthetic experiences of our daily lives. Based on Jean Molino?s semiotic tripartition, we propose to tackle Disney?s film score starting from its production context, that is, the ?poietic? level. We then proceed to analyse the film and musical environment by placing ourselves on the ?neutral? level of the work. Finally, through the use of a questionnaire survey made in a experimental context, we will analyse the film score reception at a ?aesthetic? level.Mickey Mousing, film technique that syncs the actions in the movie with music is tackled as a way to aestheticize the world. Between the synchronisation, the token and the aestheticized reality, the research is eventually about the cinematographic aesthetisation of the daily-life through music. From movie soundtracks to life soundtracks, the emblematic fonctions of music are described through an ethnography of the daily usage of music (festivals, trains, Disneyland, music stores)

Value-range analysis is a static analysis technique based on arguing about the values that a variable may take on a given program point. It can be used to prove absence of run-time errors such as out-of-bound array accesses. Since value-range analysis collects information on each program point, data-flow analysis can be used in association with it. The main goal of this work is designing and implementing such a value-range analysis tool. The work begins with an introduction into the topic, an explanation of data-flow and value-range analyses and a description of abstract interpretation, which provides the formal basis of the analyser. The core of this work is the design, implementation, testing and evaluation of the analyser. In the conclusion, our personal experience obtained in the area of the thesis is mentioned, along with a discussion of a possible future development of the designed tool.

Languages such as C use pointers very heavily. Implementation of operations on dynamically linked structures is, however, quite difficult. This can cause the programmer to make more mistakes than usual. One method for dealing with this situation is to use the static analysis tools. This thesis elaborates on the extension to the Code Listener architecture which is an interface for building static analysis tools. Code Listener is able to construct a call-graph or a control flow graph for a given source code and send it to the analyzing tool. One ability of the architecture is that it can conduct the live variable analysis internally. It detects places in the control flow graph where some subset of variables may be killed. The problem was that every variable for which a pointer address was assigned could not been killed, before. This decision had been made because there was no assurance that the variable could never been used through the pointer. So the goal of this work was to design and incorporate a points-to analysis which is able to exclude some references from the set of considered pointers to improve the live variable analysis.