ABSTRACT The modern fable differs from the classic fable in terms of style, form, and content. Translating the modern fable likewise diverges from translating the classic fable in terms of the concerns that a translator might have along the way. This thesis serves as a case study on the practice of translating the modern fable by using On Beş Köpek, my Turkish translation of André Alexis's Giller Prize-winning 2015 modern fable, Fifteen Dogs, as a paradigm. This thesis is built upon six chapters, the first and the last of which are designed to be introductory and conclusive respectively. In the second chapter, the apologue/fable is defined and a historical review is provided from Aesop's fables to the modern fable. The third chapter provides an analysis of the source text, i.e. Fifteen Dogs, by mainly discussing the “fabulous” characteristics it displays. The fourth chapter is my complete Turkish translation, i.e. On Beş Köpek, whereas the fifth chapter presents an analysis of my Turkish translation within the framework of Gideon Toury's descriptive methodology. RÉSUMÉ La fable moderne diffère de la fable classique en matière de style, de forme et de contenu. La traduction de la fable moderne se distingue donc également de la traduction de la fable classique quant aux préoccupations du traducteur au moment de traduire celle-ci. Cette thèse sert d’étude de cas relative à la pratique de la traduction de la fable moderne en proposant On Beş Köpek, ma traduction en turc de Fifteen Dogs (la fable moderne et récipiendaire du prix Giller qu’André Alexis a écrite en 2015) comme exemple de paradigme. Cette thèse compte six chapitres, dont le premier et le dernier agissent respectivement comme introduction et conclusion. Dans le second chapitre, l'apologue/la fable est définie, et un survol historique d'Ésope à la fable moderne est ensuite offert. Le troisième chapitre fournit une analyse du texte source – Fifteen Dogs – traitant principalement des caractéristiques «fabuleuses» qu'il contient. Le quatrième chapitre renferme ma traduction complète en turc – On Beş Köpek – tandis que le cinquième chapitre présente une analyse de ma traduction suivant le cadre de méthodologie descriptive proposé par Gideon Toury.

The loss in translation between languages has long been debated, and a current issue within Translation Studies is that of the cultural aspect. Using two opposing concepts by Lawrence Venuti; domestication that is used to assimilate the source culture into the target culture, and foreignization that is used to preserve and highlight the foreign culture in the target text, this paper examines how culture is transferred in literary translation between English and Swedish. In order to establish which strategies are used, data consisting of 30 passages from the American novel Dead Until Dark (2001), and the corresponding passages in two different Swedish translations of it, is analysed linguistically. While the first translation is found to show no marked preference for either strategy, the second translation uses domestication thrice as often as foreignization. However, both translations use domestication in 9 out of 10 examples in the category ‘Figurative use of language’, which suggests a marked difficulty in preserving the source culture while translating metaphorical language. The analysis also shows a difference in the way the strategies are employed, suggesting a further division of the strategies into ‘passive’ and ‘active’. The author calls for further research on the effect of such a division.

Japanese is a language rich in onomatopoeic and mimetic words, words that mimic sounds and other phenomena with their form. They are an integral part of the language and are used in nearly all situations, they also pose their own peculiar challenge to both learners and translators of Japanese. This study examines the Japanese onomatopoeic and mimetic words in the novel Sensei no kaban by Hiromi Kawakami, and their translations in its Finnish translation, to determine what techniques are most commonly used and why? As Finnish is also said to have a rich onomatopoeic and mimetic vocabulary, the frequency at which these terms are translated into equivalent onomatopoeic or mimetic words is also examined. The results show that the majority of the Japanese onomatopoeic and mimetic words, most of which function as adverbs, are translated as adverbs or verbs or they are completely omitted. Exactly a quarter of the examined cases have been translated using onomatopoeic or mimetic words, most of which are verbs.

In the beginning, the specific problems of the literary translation will be introduced on a theoretical level. Based on the theory, the detailed translatological analysis of chosen Czech translation of Yi Mun Yeol's novel The Poet will follow. The translation will be compared to the original from various points of view. The biggest focus will be on various translation methods and strategies used for the transfer of the lexical and grammatical expressions, the information structure organization of the target text, cases of amplification, reduction, etc. The attention will be also focused on non-linguistic aspects of translation, such as transferability of cultural and historical facts to a distinct environment.

La présente étude invite le lecteur à s’éloigner des longs fleuves d’encre pour plonger dans le monde du bref, du furtif et de l’allusif, et à explorer le genre qu’est la micronouvelle. Cette étude sert de prétexte, paratexte et péritexte à la traduction, de l’espagnol au français, du recueil de micronouvelles Fenómenos de circo (2011) de l’écrivaine argentine Ana María Shua. La micronouvelle jouit d’une diffusion différentielle dans le monde : particulièrement intense dans l’espace hispanophone, beaucoup plus timide dans l’espace francophone. À la traduction du recueil de micronouvelles le plus récent à ce jour d’une auteure connue et réputée en microfiction, j’ajoute la production d’une sorte d’état des lieux thématique des réflexions théoriques actuelles sur ce genre littéraire, sa définition, sa dénomination et une partie de son histoire. J’étudie ensuite huit caractéristiques qui ressortent des œuvres de microfiction en général et de celles d’Ana María Shua en particulier : fractalité, brièveté, métafiction, hybridité, intertextualité, effet de chute, présence du fantastique et rôle actif du lecteur. La traduction de la microfiction ne semble pas fondamentalement différente de la traduction de toute autre œuvre littéraire dans la même combinaison de langues. Elle reçoit néanmoins l’influence du rayonnement différentiel de la micronouvelle dans les espaces hispanophone et francophone ainsi que des caractéristiques propres au genre microfictionnel.

A translation of a selection of chapters and passages from Dionne Brand's novel What We All Long. It includes translator's notes and the source text.

Abstract: This thesis takes the literary periodical the Montreal Review of Books (mRb) as a starting point to study the trends characterizing literary translation in Anglo-Québécois literature. Starting from a corpus comprising paratextual information on literary translations reviewed in the mRb and literary reviews from the periodical between 2000 and 2020, the author offers preliminary diachronic analyses of trends in source languages and publishers of literary translations, an overview of the most important figures of translation in Anglo-Québec, as well as the evolution of translation reception in the Anglo-Québécois literary system. The thesis is methodologically characterized by its use of digital humanistic approaches, both in terms of data gathering (web scraping, Python) and analysis (distant reading with the help of AntConc, network analysis assisted by Gephi, basic statistical analyses with Excel). -- Résumé: Ce mémoire prend comme point de départ le périodique littéraire la Montreal Review of Books (mRb) afin d'analyser les tendances qui caractérisent la traduction littéraire dans le système littéraire anglo-québécois. L'analyse part d'une base de données comprenant les informations paratextuelles des traductions littéraires recensées dans la mRb et les comptes rendus littéraires entre 2000 et 2020. À partir de ces données, l'autrice effectue une analyse diachronique préliminaire des langues de départ et des maisons d'édition des traductions littéraires, ainsi qu'un aperçu des grandes figures de la traduction en Anglo-Québec et de l'évolution de la réception de la traduction dans ce système. Le mémoire se démarque sur le plan méthodologique par l'utilisation des approches en humanités numériques pour la collecte (le moissonnage, Python) et l'analyse de données (la lecture à distance assistée par AntConc, l'analyse de réseau avec Gephi et les analyses quantitatives de base à l'aide d'Excel).

El propósito de este proyecto de tesis es presentar una traducción analítica al idioma guaraní de un apólogo escrito en español medieval con el objetivo de demostrar la utilidad de los ejercicios de traducción literaria que faciliten el aprendizaje de idiomas. La transferencia lingüística y cultural de un texto medieval al español moderno y consecutivamente al guaraní constituye un ejemplo del esfuerzo cognitivo que debe realizar un traductor/una traductora para buscar soluciones e ir articulando poco a poco el rompecabezas que posteriormente se convertirá en la nueva versión de la obra, pero siempre respetando y conservando la esencia del mensaje original del autor/de la autora.

Janet Frame (1924-2004) is known for being one of the most prolific, translated, and unconventional New Zealand novelists. Her work, however, includes a vast production of poems, which scholars and translators have ignored or, at least, not considered worthy for a comprehensive approach to her. Frame's work has undergone the further limitation of a strongly biography-based hermeneutics: from the gossiping around her alleged schizophrenia, to the popularity of the filmic version of her autobiography (An Angel at My Table) by Jane Campion, and the countless legends that have sprung around her, she has often been stigmatised and labelled the 'mad writer' of Campion's movie. This thesis links the risks of the life/myth-driven perspectives to the current lack of interest in Frame's poetry. Her poetic production is here presented as a fundamental part of her oeuvre and her idiosyncratic approach to writing. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature on Frame and thus reconfigure her role as a poet. Through a combination of methodologies grounded in literary and verse translation theories, creativity and genre studies, poststructuralism and postcolonialism, this thesis investigates the most significant traits of Frame's prose and poetry, particularly the traits shared by both. It critiques past translations of Frame's prose into Italian where these have not taken into account the poetic value of her work, and suggests strategies for the translation of her verse into Italian, arguing that an informed approach to her poetry in translation may greatly contribute to a reconfiguration and re-evaluation of her legacy.

Nesta dissertação traduzimos e comentamos os quatro primeiros registros de diário (10- 14 de maio de 1932, 50 páginas) da obra EIMI de Edward Estlin Cummings (1894-1962). EIMI é um diário/romance experimental que relata a viagem de trinta e seis dias que Cummings realizou na Rússia soviética entre maio e junho de 1931. Justificamos a escolha de EIMI porque, além de entendermos que é um livro importante e pertinente no contexto do Modernismo literário do século XX, ele nunca foi traduzido. Com o intuito de respaldar nossa pioneira tradução realizamos uma pesquisa que pode ser dividida em duas esferas: estudos sobre a vida e a obra de Cummings; e estudos sobre o ato de traduzir, focados especificamente na exploração do livro Poétique du traduire de Henri Meschonnic. As investigações dentro da primeira esfera fundamentaram o Capítulo 1 do trabalho, onde apresentamos e problematizamos EIMI. As investigações da segunda esfera fundamentaram o Capítulo 2. Aqui, partimos do pressuposto que o sujeito e a língua são elementos necessários para que se faça literatura; mas que o fazer literário, por seu turno, é fundamental no processo de formação e compreensão do que é (ou se torna) a língua e o sujeito. Argumentamos, com Meschonnic, que mais importante do que traduzir a língua de uma obra é traduzir o modo como a obra negocia, através do uso específico da língua por um sujeito, uma nova língua e um novo sujeito. Posto de outro modo, argumentamos que não é a língua no sentido estrito que se traduz, mas o discursotal qual articulado em uma obra específica e implicado na subjetividade de um ser histórico. Testaremos as diretrizes de Meschonnic em nossa própria tradução e comentários, expostos no Capítulo 3. / In this dissertation I translate and comment upon the first four diary entries (May 10-14, 1932, 50 pages) of the work EIMI by Edward Estlin Cummings (1894-1962). EIMI is an experimental diary/novel that recounts the thirty-six-day trip that Cummings made to Soviet Russia between May and June of 1931. I justify choosing EIMI because it is, as I seek to demonstrate, an important and pertinent work within 20th Century literary Modernism, which, furthermore, has never been translated. As a means of supporting the translation itself, the dissertation also includes a theoretical study that can be divided into two spheres: research on the life and work of Cummings; and research on the act of translating, focused specifically on the exploration of the book Poétique du traduire by Henri Meschonnic. The investigations within the first sphere make up Chapter 1 of the dissertation, where I introduce and examine EIMI. The investigations within the second sphere make up Chapter 2. Here, I start with the assumption that subject and language are necessary elements for the making of literature; but that the literary act is, in its turn, fundamental to the process of shaping and understanding what is (or becomes of) the language and the subject. I argue, with Meschonnic, that more important than to translate the language of a work is to translate the way in which the work negotiates, through the specific use of language by a subject, a new language and a new subject. In other words, I argue that it is not the language of a text that is translated, but a subjects discourse such as articulated in a specific text and implied within the subjectivity of the historic beings who conceive it and read it. I put Meschonnics guidelines to test on my own translation and commentary in Chapter 3.