The current research considered parent report of sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability (ID). Of specific interest were parents who reported child sleep issues/disturbances but who did not consider their child to have a sleep problem. Also of interest was the use of a general parent-training program to treat both the sleep and behaviour problems in children with an ID. Study 1 examined parent perceptions regarding sleep in children with an ID. Parents who reported a child sleep problem provided information on the types of sleep treatment tried and rated their effectiveness. Overall, 243 questionnaires were completed by parents of children with a range of disabilities aged between 3.1 to 18.7 years. While 62% of parents rated their child as displaying problematic night settling, night waking, early waking, or other disturbing sleep behaviours, only 27% of parents considered their child to have a sleep problem. A higher number of parents (75%) than expected had tried at least one type of intervention, although it was not possible to discern 'self help' treatments from 'professionally sought' treatments. Study 2 investigated child and parent factors associated with parent perception of sleep problems in children with an ID. Seventy-six parents from Study 1 completed measures in relation to child adaptive and daytime behaviour, parent stress, locus of control, personality (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism), parenting competence, and perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour. Based on parent report on a sleep measure and response to the question 'do you think your child has a sleep problem' parents were allocated into one of three sleep groups: Parents who recognised a sleep problem (RSP, N=20), parents whose child did not have a sleep problem (NSP, N=35), and parents who did not recognise their child to have a sleep problem (USP, N=21). The results revealed differences between parents who do (RSP) and parents who do not (USP) recognise their child's sleep problem. These differences related to amount of child sleep (as reported by parents) and parent perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour. Study 3 examined the efficacy of a general parent-training (behaviour management) program, with sleep used as the training exemplar, for the treatment of sleep problems in children with an ID. Of the 20 parents in the RSP group in Study 2, five agreed to take part in Study 3 and three completed the intervention. The effect of the intervention on (a) a targeted sleep problem, (b) a targeted behaviour problem, (c) other sleep and daytime behaviours, (d) parent stress, (e) parent sleep, (f) parent sense of competence, and (g) parent perceived control over the child's sleep and daytime behaviour were examined. All parents reported an improvement in target sleep behaviour, and at follow-up all of the parents no longer considered their child to have a sleep problem. One parent reported a decrease in stress and an increase in measures of perceived control, and parenting competence, while two parents showed minimal to no improvement on child and parent outcomes.

<p>The aim of this investigation was to elucidate and describe those patients who had discontinued their participation and/or paticipated infrequently in physiotherapy treatment based on their own activity and responsibility. The ambition was to understand the phenomenon of compliance/adherence from various perspectives in behavioural as well as social science.</p><p>In study I the phenomenon compliance/adherence was studied in relation to Health Locus of Control and Health Belief variables. This study was based on a questionnaire that was answered by all patients before beginning of treatment. Questions concerning the patients´conceptions about both health locus of control and health beliefs were the focus.The definitions of compliance/adherence were completed treatment period and exercise frequency, respectively. Those patients who completed the treatment were also studied regarded exercise frequency.</p><p>The results of study I showed that those who discontinued their treatment reported a higher perceived threat from their health condition (higher level of dysfunction (higher pain intensity) and a higher perceived severity of their health condition (higher level of dysfunction, worse general health) than those who completed treatment. The results also showed that those who exercised once a week or less often valued the significance of the caring situation as lower (HLC), perceived a higher threat from their health condition (higher pain intensity), a higher severity of their health condition (higher level of dysfunction, worse general health, greater distrution of impairment), more barriers to treatment (lower expectations), and had certain differences in demographic variables (younger individuals, more women) than those who exercised more often (HB).</p><p>Study II investigated patients´descriptions of their reasons for discontinuing the treatment, whether those reasons varied, and if so how they varied. Sixteen patients who had discontinued their treatment were interviewed with open-ended questions. The inteviews began with a question about the background to the physiotherapy treatment. There were questions concerning carrying out the treatment as well as concerning what they thought about their impairment. The patients were also asked about their priotities in daily life, as these wre presumed to be anobstacle to the treatment over a shorter or longer period of time. The third domain concerned how they experiebced the patient/physiotherapist relationship. The interviews were anlysed qualitatively.</p><p>Analysis of study II resulted in four different descriptions of reasons for treatment discontinuation. A) It was about time to end treatment and continue on alone. B) The treatment was not the most important activity to spend time on. C) An agreement with the physiothreapist to discontinue treatment due to lack of effect. D) No viewpoint as to why they discontinued the treatment. In further analysis of category D, this group appeared to experience varoius forms of powerlessness. They felt their trustworthiness was often questioned. They experienced frustration in their life situation as others made the important descisions and they themselves had little to say.They defended themselves by talking about their own conceptions of the reasons for their impairment and what should be done about them. In comparing category D with categories A, B, C it was found that those in the latter three categories experienced varying degrees of control in different situations, whereas those in category D did not experience a feeling of control.</p><p>Conclusion: The concept of compliance in physiotherapy is ambiguous. The concept involves one part defining what will concern the other part. It is clear that the physiotherapist and the patient do not always agree about the aim of the treatment. Instead, we should develop the concept of concordance in encounters with the patients and abandon the reasoning of compliance.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of the study is to explore relationships among elementary school students&amp / #8217 / gender, relevant prior knowledge, meaningful learning orientation, reasoning ability, self-efficacy, locus of control, attitudes toward science and achievement in genetics in learning cycle and traditional classrooms. The study was conducted on 213 8th grade students from eight classes of two public elementary schools in Ankara in 2005-2006 Spring-semester. Students in the experimental group (N=104) received learning cycle instruction that helps students acquire conceptual understanding of scientific concepts, and the students in the control group (N=109) received traditional instruction. The students were given Genetics Achievement Test as a pre-test before and as a post-test after the instruction. Students were also given Learning Approach Questionnaire that measures students&amp / #8217 / learning orientations and Test of Logical Thinking that determines students&amp / #8217 / reasoning abilities. Students&amp / #8217 / levels of self-efficacy, locus of control and their attitudes toward science also were measured. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that learning cycle instruction improved students&amp / #8217 / achievement in genetics compared to traditional instruction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that in learning cycle classrooms, the main predictors of achievement in genetics were students&amp / #8217 / meaningful learning orientation (49.6%) and their attitudes toward science (11.8%). In traditional classrooms, students&amp / #8217 / attitudes toward science (44%) and reasoning ability (9.8%) were the main predictors of achievement while remaining 5.7% of the variance explained by relevant prior knowledge, locus of control and meaningful learning orientation. This study revealed that different variables may be important for 8th grade students&amp / #8217 / genetics achievement in learning cycle and traditional classes.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships among high school students&rsquo / relevant prior knowledge, meaningful learning orientation, reasoning ability, self-efficacy, locus of control, attitudes toward biology and achievement in human circulatory system in learning cycle and traditional classrooms. This study was conducted with 2 teachers and 4 classes and total of 60 11th grade students in the private high schools at &Uuml / mitk&ouml / y district of Ankara in the fall semester of 2008-2009 academic years. One class of each teacher was assigned as experimental group and treated with 5E learning cycle instruction and other class was assigned as control group and treated with traditional instruction. At the beginning of the study, both teachers were trained for how to implement 5E learning cycle instruction in the classrooms. The Human Circulatory System Achievement Test was applied twice as pre-test and after treatment period as a post-test to both experimental and control groups. Learning Approach Questionnaire was used to measure students&rsquo / approach to learning and Test of Logical Thinking was used to measure reasoning abilitiy of students. Students&rsquo / levels of self-efficacy, locus of control and their attitudes toward biology also were measured. The data obtained from the administration of post-test were analyzed by using ANOVA. The statistical result indicates that learning cycle instruction improved students&rsquo / achievement in human circulatory system compared to traditional instruction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that in learning cycle classrooms, the main predictors of achievement in human circulatory system were students&rsquo / reasoning ability (45.8%) and their prior knowledge (15.9%). In traditional classrooms, students&rsquo / meaningful learning orientation (40%) and locus of control (9.8%) were the main predictors of achievement. This study indicated that different variables may be significant for 11th grade students&rsquo / human circulatory system achievement in learning cycle and traditional classes.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Darbo tikslas: išsiaiškinti, kokios yra skirtingo stresogeniškumo lygio darbe dirbančių asmenų kontrolės lokuso bei pasitenkinimo darbu sąsajos. Tiriamųjų kontingentas: Tyrime dalyvavo 95 medicinos darbuotojai (specializuoti gydytojai, šeimos gydytojai, medicinos seserys) iš 4 Kauno miesto poliklinikų ir ligoninių bei 106 buhalterijos darbuotojai (buhalteriai, vyriausieji buhalteriai, apskaitininkai) iš įvairių Kauno miesto gamybinių, prekybinių, paslaugas teikiančių įmonių. Tyrimo metodikos: Darbo kontrolės, darbo reikalavimų ir socialinio palaikymo lygiams išmatuoti buvo naudojamas praplėstas Karasek‘o darbo reikalavimų – kontrolės – socialinio palaikymo klausimynas, kontrolės lokusui nustatyti buvo naudojama Rotters kontrolės lokuso skalė, pasitenkinimo darbu lygis buvo matuojamas Spector pasitenkinimo darbu klausimynu. Tyrimo rezultatai: Darbuotojų dirbančių labai įtemptą darbą pasitenkinimas darbu yra žemesnis nei mažiau įtemptą darbą dirbančių darbuotojų. Darbuotojų dirbančių labai įtemptą darbą, pasyvų darbą, neįtemptą ir aktyvų darbą bei turinčių aukštą socialinio palaikymo lygį grupėse pasitenkinimas darbu (išskyrus kelias poskales) yra didesnis nei darbuotojų dirbančių skirtingo stresogeniškumo darbą bet turinčių žemą socialinio palaikymo lygį. Darbuotojų, dirbančių labai įtemptą darbą ir turinčių vidinį kontrolės lokusą pasitenkinimas darbu yra aukštesnis nei darbuotojų dirbančių tokį darbą, tačiau turinčių išorinį kontrolės lokusą. Nėra statistiškai reikšmingo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the thesis: to find out what are the different levels of work with different levels of stress locus of control and job satisfaction interfaces. Obtaining contingent: The study included 95 medical staff (specialist doctors, family doctors, nurses) from 4 Kaunas city medical clinics and hospitals and 106 accounting staff (accountants, chief accountants, accountants) from a variety of Kaunas industrial, commercial, service companies. Research Methodology: Job control, working conditions and social support levels were measured using extended Karaseks working conditions - control - social support questionnaire, locus of control was measured using Rotters locus of control scale, job satisfaction levels were measured in Spector job satisfaction questionnaire. The results: Employees working in highly stressful work job satisfaction is lower than the less stressful job workers. Employees working in a very stressful job, the work of a passive, relaxed and active work, and has a high level of social support groups, job satisfaction (with a few sub-scale setting) is higher than the employees working in high stress work but having low social support level. Employees working in a very stressful job and having an internal locus of control, job satisfaction is higher than that of workers employed in a job but with external locus of control. There is no statistically significant difference in level of job satisfaction among employees working in passive work and with... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti asmenybės savybių ( kontrolės vietos, teigiamo / neigiamo emocionalumo ir polinkio rizikai) sąsajas su ketinimu išeiti iš darbo ir realiu išėjimu. Tyrimo metodika. Teigiamo / neigiamo emocionalumo savybėms tirti buvo naudotas Watson ir Clark ( 1988) sukurtas PANAS-X - išplėstas pastarąsias savybes matuojančio klausimyno variantas. Skalė sudaryta iš 20 būdvardžių, kurie išreiškia arba teigiamą, arba neigiamą jausmą. Šiuos žodžius tiriamieji turėjo pažymėti kaip jiems šiuo metu tinkančius skalėje nuo 1 – „visiškai ne“ arba „labai mažai“ iki 5 – „labai daug“. Tyrime taip pat buvo naudota J. B. Rotter ( 1966) sukurta kontrolės vietos skalė, susidedanti iš 13 klausimų. Kiekviename klausime yra du teiginiai, iš kurių reikia pasirinkti vieną. Rizikos polinkiui matuoti buvo pasirinkta D. N. Jackson ( 1994) Asmenybės savybių klausimyno polinkio rizikai skalė, sudaryta iš 20 klausimų, į kuriuos tiriamieji turėjo atsakyti „taip��� arba „ne“. Klausimynas diferencijuoja tiriamuosius į pasižyminčius aukštu polinkiu rizikai ir pasižyminčius žemu polinkiu rizikai. Ketinimui išeiti iš darbo tirti buvo naudoti D.Watson ir L. A. Clark ( 1994) sukurtos ir R. Žukauskienės išverstos į lietuvių kalbą organizacinio įsipareigojimo skalės paskutiniai trys klausimai – teiginiai, kurie matuoja ketinimą išeiti iš darbo. Tiriamieji turėjo apibraukti šalia teiginio esantį skaičių ( nuo 1 iki 7), kuris rodo kiek tas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to establish a relationship among personality traits ( locus of control, risk-taking and positive / negative affectivity), turnover intentions and real turnover. Research Methodology. PANAS-X scale was used to predict positive / negative affectivity. The scale was developed by Watson and Clark ( 1988). The scae is created of 20 adjectives where 10 of them means positive affectivity and the other 10 means negative affectivity. The employee‘s have had to mark the adjectives in the scale from 1 ( „absolutely no“) to 5 („absolutely yes“). Locus of control was measured by J.B. Rotter ( 1966) developed Locus of cntrol scale. The scale was created of 13 questions, where the each of question had two posibilities of answer and the employee has to pick up one of them. Risk-taking was measured by using Risk-taking scale of Personality traits Questionaire that was developed by D.N.Jackson ( 1994). The scale was created of 20 questions where the respondent had to answer „yes“ or „no“ to each of them. Turnover intentions was measured by using D.Watson ir L. A. Clark ( 1994) developed Organisational Commitment scales‘ last three propositions, that measure Turnover intentions. On the each of proposition respondent had to decide ( from 1 to 7 points) how much the proposition fits to him/her now. Findings. 1) There’s no difference among internals and externals turnover intention and real turnover... [to full text]

Les incorporations des mémoires épisodiques dans les rêves apparaissent en formes fragmentées et suivent un modèle temporel distinct qui suit une courbe sinusoïdale. Ce modèle est caractérisé par les incorporations immédiates, qui apparaissent 1-2 jours après l’événement (effet de résidus diurnes), et les incorporations tardives, qui apparaissent 5-7 jours après l’événement (effet de délai). Ces deux effets sont considérés comme des liens entre les processus de consolidation de la mémoire et la formation du rêve. Cette courbe temporelle a été observée pour une variété de stimuli expérimentaux. Cependant, aucune étude à date n’a démontré que le contenu des rêves réagit aux événements diurnes d’une manière plus générale et non-spécifique. Le but de notre étude était d’examiner si deux événements qualitativement distincts, un séjour nocturne au laboratoire (LAB), considéré comme un événement interpersonnel, et une tâche de réalité virtuelle (RV), considérée comme un événement non-interpersonnel, sont intégrés de façon différente dans le contenu onirique. Selon nos hypothèses, 1) les éléments spécifiques liés au LAB et à RV seraient incorporés dans les rêves avec des patrons tendances temporels différents, et 2) les incorporations spécifiques seraient associées à des changements plus généraux dans le locus de contrôle (LoC) du rêve. Vingt-six participants ont passé une nuit dans le laboratoire, ont été exposé à une tâche de RV, et ont rempli un journal de rêve pendant 10 jours. Les rapports de rêve ont été cotés pour les éléments spécifiques portant sur LAB et sur RV, et pour l'évolution générale de LoC du rêve. Nos deux hypothèses ont été confirmées: 1) les incorporations de LAB et RV sont négativement corrélées et apparaissent dans le rêve selon des modèles temporels différents. Les incorporations du LAB ont suivi une courbe sinusoïdale en forme de U, avec un effet de résidu diurne et un effet de délai. Les incorporations de RV ont suivi un patron différent, et ont eu un maximum d’incorporations au jour 4. 2) les scores du LoC du rêve étaient plus externes pour le jour 1 (max incorporations du LAB) et plus internes pour le jour 4 (max incorporations de RV). Ces modèles d'incorporation distincts peuvent refléter des différences dans la façon dont les deux événements ont été traités par les processus de consolidation de la mémoire. Dans ce cas, une expérience interpersonnelle (LAB) était incorporée plus tôt dans le temps. Les résultats suggèrent que LoC du rêve reflète les processus de mémoire plus généraux, qui affectent le contenu du rêve entier, et qui sont partiellement indépendants des incorporations spécifiques. / Memories for a daytime event reappear in fragmented form in dream content following a distinct, U-shaped, temporal pattern: immediate incorporations appear on days 1-2 after the event (day-residue effect) and delayed incorporation appear on days 5-7 after the event (dream-lag effect). These two effects are thought to reflect memory consolidation processes linked with dreaming. The U-shaped pattern has been observed for a variety of experimental stimuli, however, no studies have investigated whether dream content also reacts to daytime events in a more general or non-specific way. The aim of this study was to examine whether two qualitatively distinct events, an overnight laboratory (LAB) stay, considered as an interpersonal event, and virtual reality maze task (VR), considered as a non-interpersonal event, are incorporated differently into dream content. We expected that 1) specific elements related to the LAB and VR events would be expressed with different temporal patterns, and 2) these specific incorporations would be associated with more general changes in Dream locus of control (LoC). 26 participants spent one night in the laboratory, underwent a VR maze task, and kept a dream diary for 10 days. Dream reports were scored for specific LAB and VR elements and for general changes in Dream LoC. Two main findings confirmed our expectations: 1) LAB and VR incorporations were inversely related and exhibited distinct temporal patterns. LAB incorporations were U-shaped with both day-residue and dream-lag effects. VR vi incorporations followed a different pattern, with a peak on day 4. 2) Dream LoC scores were more external for day 1 (peak of LAB incorporations) and more internal for day 4 (peak of VR incorporations). These different incorporation patterns may reflect differences in how memory consolidation processes dealt with the two events, with the interpersonal experience being incorporated earlier in time. Dream LoC findings may reflect more general memory processes that are partially independent from the specific incorporations and that affect construction of the whole dream narrative.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ir palyginti sveikatos kontrolės lokuso, savo ligos suvokimo ir pykčio ryšius hemodialize gydomų ir hemodializei besirengiančiųjų pacientų grupėse. Tyrime dalyvavo 74 hemodialize gydomi ir 53 hemodializei besirengiantieji. Hemodialize gydomi pacientai sudarė 58,3%, o hemodializei besiruošiantieji pacientai 41,7% tiriamųjų. Pacientų amžius svyravo nuo 21 iki 86 metų, amžiaus vidurkis – 59,03.Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto klinikų nefrologijos skyriuje, Šiaulų dializės centre UAB B. Braun Avitum ir Šiaulių Respublikinės ligoninės nefrologijos skyriuje. Šiame tyrime buvo naudojamas kiekybinis tyrimas, kurio metu buvo pateikta anketa. Ją sudarė: sveikatos kontrolės lokuso klausimynas ( MHLC), ligos suvokimo klausimyno atnaujinta versija ( IPQ – R), klinikinio pykčio klausimynas ( CAS) ir pateikti 5 papildomi klausimai nesusiję su minėtais klausimynais. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad sveikatos kontrolės lokusas, savo ligos suvokimas ir pyktis turi tarpusavio sąsajų. Hemodializei besirengiančių ir hemodialize gydomų pacientų kitų įtakos sveikatos kontrolės lokuso ryšiai su pykčiu ir savo ligos suvokimo dimensijomis priklauso nuo sociodemografinių charakteristikų: amžiaus, lyties, išsilavinimo ir šeiminės padėties. Pagrindinės išvados parodė, kad hemodializei besirengiančių kitų įtakos sveikatos kontrolės lokusas yra susijęs su labiau išreikštu pykčiu ir pozityvesniu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to find and compare the links between health locus of control, illness perception and anger in hemodialysis and pre – hemodialysis groups . The study included 74 hemodialysis patients and 53 pre – hemodialysis patients. There were 58,3,% of hemodialysis patients and 41,7% of pre – hemodialysis patients. Age of patients was between 21 and 86, average age - 57,03 years old.The study was carried out in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences nephrology clinic, Šiauliai hemodialysis center UAB “B. Braun Avitum” and Šiauliai hospital nephrology clinic. It was used a quantitative survey – a questionnaire. It consisted of: Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale ( MHLC), Illness Perception Questionnaire ( IPQ – R), Clinical Anger Scale ( CAS) and there have been given 5 additional questions unrelated to these questionnaires. The results of search showed links between health locus of control, illness perception and anger. Health locus of control links with illness perception and anger in hemodialysis and pre – hemodialysis groups depended on sex, age, education, family status. The main consclusion demonstraits, that other influence health locus of control have links with much anger and much positive perception of illness according to treatment control dimension, but much negative perception of illness according to personal control, illness coherence and emotional representations dimensions in pre... [to full text]