Bakgrund: Inom flera idrotter såsom fotboll, basket och innebandy är en bra sprintprestation viktigt. Sprintprestation påverkas av många olika faktorer. I litteraturen har det noterats en stark korrelation mellan prestation i vertikala och horisontella hopp och sprintprestation. Dessutom har flera studier påvisat hur prestation i Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP), som är en form av test av maximal statisk styrka i ben- och ryggmuskulaturen, har en måttlig eller stark korrelation med sprintprestation. Enligt författarnas kännedom har ingen studie undersökt korrelationen mellan sprintprestation och variablerna hopphöjd, hopplängd, Rate of Force Development (RFD), Relativ Power (RP) samt Peak Force (PF) hos unga manliga innebandyspelare. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka korrelationen mellan sprintprestation och prestation i IMTP-test och hopprestation hos unga manliga innebandyspelare. Metod: Deltagarna bestod av nio unga manliga innebandyspelare; 16 ± 1 år, 73,2 ± 6,5 kg och 179 ± 7 cm, som genomförde tester bestående av 20-metersprint, stående längdhopp, Countermovement Jump (CMJ) och IMTP. Resultat: Icke-signifikanta måttligt starka korrelationer noterades mellan sprintprestation och hopprestation (hopphöjd i CMJ, r=-0.455, p=0.219; hopplängd i stående längdhopp, r=-0.467, p=0.205; RP (w/kg) i CMJ, r=-0.356, p=0.348). Ingen av de övriga testresultaten (RFD och PF i IMTP-test) korrelerade med sprintprestation. Slutsats: Måttligt starka, icke-signifikanta korrelationer observerades mellan sprintprestation och hopprestation (hopphöjd i CMJ, hopplängd i stående längdhopp, RP (w/kg) i CMJ. Att de måttligt starka sambanden inte blev statistiskt signifikanta beror troligtvis på att studien hade för få deltagare (n=9). Det fanns ingen korrelation mellan sprintprestation och övriga variabler (RFD och PF i IMTP). Framtida forskning inom ämnet bör genomföras på ett större urval för att kunna få resultat med statistisk signifikans. / Background: Within several sports such as football, basketball and floorball sprint performance is an important ability. Sprint performance is influenced by a variety of factors. Previous literature has demonstrated that there may be a strong correlation between performance in vertical and horizontal jumping and sprint performance. In addition, several studies have shown how performance in Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP), which is a form of test of maximal static strength in the leg and back muscles, has a moderate or strong correlation with sprint performance. However the authors found no study that has examined the correlation between sprint performance and the variables jump height, jump length, RFD, RP and PF among young male floorball players. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between sprint performance and performance in IMTP-test and jump performance among young male floorball players. Method: The participants in this study consisted of 9 young male floorball players; 16 ± 1 years, 73,2 ± 6,5 kg och 179 ± 7 cm, that performed a variety of tests; 20 meter sprint, standing long jump, Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and IMTP. Results: Non-significant moderately correlations were noted between sprint performance and jump performance (jump height in CMJ, r=-0.455, p=0.219; jump length in standing long jump, r=-0.467, p=0.205; RP (w/kg) in CMJ, r=-0.356, p=0.348). None of the other test results (RFD and PF in IMTP-test) correlated with sprint performance. Besides that none of the test results had a correlation with a statistical significance. Conclusion: Moderately strong, non-significant correlations were observed between sprint performance and jump performance (jump height in CMJ, jump length in standing long jump, RP (w/kg) in CMJ). The relatively low number of participants (n=9) in this study may explain why the moderately strong relationships betweeen sprint and jump performance did not become statistically significant. There was no correlation between sprint performance and the other variables (RFD and PF in IMTP). Future research should be conducted on a larger sample in order to obtain results with statistical significance.

Tyrimo objektas. Žingsnių greitis ir ilgis bei išlėkimo greitis ir kampas. Tyrimo tikslas. Ištirti Lietuvos ir Pasaulio šuolininkių į tolį moterų paskutiniųjų bėgimo žingsnių greičio ir ilgio bei išlėkimo greičio ir kampo įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti Pasaulio ir Lietuvos šuolininkių į tolį paskutiniųjų įsibėgėjimo žingsnių greičio kitimą ir jo įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti Pasaulio ir Lietuvos šuolininkių į tolį paskutiniųjų įsibėgėjimo žingsnių ilgio kitimą ir jo įtaką sportiniam rezultatui 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti Pasaulio ir Lietuvos šuolininkių į tolį išlėkimo greitį ir jo įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. 4. Nustatyti ir palyginti Pasaulio ir Lietuvos šuolininkių į tolį išlėkimo kampą ir jo įtaką sportiniam rezultatui. Tiriamieji. Buvo analizuojamos Pasaulio šuolininkės dalyvavusios 12 Pasaulio lengvosios atletikos čempionate Berlyne (n=8). Lietuvos šuolininkių testavimas atliktas Lietuvos studentų čempionate (2012 m.) Kauno manieže (n=10). Hipotezė. Didelę įtaką šuolio į tolį rezultatui turi bėgimo greitis paskutiniuose metruose prieš atsispyrimą bei išlėkimo greitis ir kampas. Pagrindiniai rezultatai. Pasaulio šuolininkių į tolį greitis paskutiniajame žingsnyje yra 9.33±0,19 m/s, Lietuvos 7.76±0,41 m/s. Pasaulio šuolininkių priešpaskutinis žingsnis yra 2,31±0,17 m, Lietuvos 2,09±0,15 m, paskutinis žingsnis sutrumpėja palyginus su priešpaskutiniuoju 0,24 m, ir 0,06 m atitinkamai. Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object: Speed and length of the running steps, take off speed and angle. Research goal: To analyze Lithuanian and World female long jumpers –discuss influence of the speed of last running steps as well as takeoff to the performance in the competition. Research tasks: 1. To identify and compare speed ofLithuanian and World long jumpersin the last runningsteps and its influence to the performance in the competition. 2. To identify and compare length of Lithuanian and World long jumpersin the last runningsteps and its influence to the performance in the competition. 3. To identify and compare take off speed of Lithuanian and World long jumpers and its influence to the performance in the competition. 4. To identify and compare take off angle of Lithuanian and World long jumpers and its influence to the performance in thecompetition. Subjects of this research: World’s top female long jumpers who participated at the 12th Athletics Championship in Berlin (n=8). Lithuanian long jumpers who were tested at the Student Athletics Championship in Kaunas in 2012 (n=10). Hypothesis: Significant influence to the result in the long jumps comes from the running speed in the last meters before the take off, also take off speed and angle. Main results: Speed of top World top female long jumpers in the last running step is 9.33±0,19 m/s, meanwhile of Lithuanians 7.76±0,41 m/s. Length of the last step of the World female long jumpers is 2,31±0,17 m, Lithuanians 2,09±0,15 m. The last step... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paginas.pdf: 24917 bytes, checksum: 8c5711a921dc8297eb2716c488fdf099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The propose of this study was to do a biomechanical analysis of the standing long jump of children considering its period of training by Gallahues s motor development analysis. For this descriptive study we had been analyzed the standing long jump of 33 children with age between 4 and 12 years old, from a public school of Florianópolis - SC. After the approval of the UDESC s Committee of Ethics in Research, the data was collected in the Biomechanics s Laboratory of UDESC. We use a AMTI s forces platform of strain gauge, leveled to the ground in a frequency of sampling of 900 Hz, a Peak Motus System s camera in a 60 Hz of frequency, and the Gallahue s matrix of qualitative analysis of the standing long jump, that allows to classify the children in three periods of training in development: initial, elementary and mature. We analyze the angular variable, kinetic and reached distance. We used a descriptive and inferencial statistics for the quarrel of the results. The results of this study shows that some variable can be extremely important to the differentiation of the periods of training. The trunk, knee, hip and superior member angles allow the differentiation of the periods of training in some instants of the standing long jump. The children from mature did a knee angle in a propulsion and landing phase bigger than the initial and elementary, and smaller in the second phase. The motor maturation showed that the maturation help to did a bigger trunk inclination in a three phases of standing long jump. The differences of hip angle happened in the propulsion and the landing phases, that the children from mature stage did a bigger flexion. The superior member movement showed that the children of mature stage did a better preparation in the propulsion, and that the second phase and the landing phase do not allow a differentiation between the three periods of training. From thirteen kinetic variable analyzed, seven had pointed significant differences, but none of these made possible a differentiation of the three periods of training of motor development. The reach of the standing long jump normalized by the inferior member of the children showed that the children of a mature stage had jumped a greater distance than the elementary and initial stage. With this result the reach of each one of the 3 periods of training can be differentiated. In the Analyzes of contribuition of kinetics variable in the performance of the standing long jump, distinguished the total impulse in a X axis, with a 48% of contribution, keeping the other variable constant. With these results it can be concluded that: the analysis of biomechanic parameters can be used in the classification of the period of training of motor development of children, in a quantitative analysis, mainly the angular variable and the jumped distance normalized for the inferior member; the kinetics variable do not allow a differentiation of the children stages of the motor development; Finally, we can conclude that the biomechanics parameters can assist in the qualitative analysis proposal by Gallahue, supplying information discriminated of the standing long jump making possible the researchers to make quantitative studies of the subject. / O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma analise biomecânica do salto horizontal de crianças considerando seu estágio de desenvolvimento motor segundo a matriz analítica de Gallahue. Para este estudo descritivo exploratório foram analisados o salto horizontal de 33 crianças com idade entre 4 e 12 anos da rede de ensino da cidade de Florianópolis SC, sendo que capturou-se 2 ou 3 tentativas de cada criança. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UDESC, e consentimento das instituições e responsáveis, foram realizados as coletas de dados no Laboratório de Biomecânica da UDESC, utilizando-se uma plataforma de força extensométrica AMTI-OR6-5 nivelada ao solo à uma freqüência de amostragem de 900 Hz, uma câmera do Sistema Peak Motus a 60 Hz e a matriz de análise qualitativa do salto horizontal de Gallahue, que permite classificar o executante em três estágios de desenvolvimento motor: inicial, elementar e maduro. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial para a discussão dos resultados. Analisou-se variáveis angulares, variáveis cinéticas, tempo de execução da propulsão e distância alcançada. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que algumas variáveis podem ser extremamente importantes para a diferenciação dos estágios. Os ângulos do tronco, joelho, quadril e membro superior permitem a diferenciação dos estágios em alguns instantes do salto horizontal. As crianças do estagio maduro perfizeram um ângulo de joelho na fase de propulsão e aterrissagem maior que as do estagio elementar e inicial, e uma menor flexão na fase aérea. A maturação motora mostrou que quanto mais avançado o estagio maior foi a inclinação anterior do tronco nas três fazes do salto horizontal. A diferença para o ângulo do quadril ocorreu na propulsão e na aterrissagem, com as crianças do estágio maduro perfazendo maior flexão, ou apresentando um menor ângulo interno de quadril que os demais estágios. O movimento de membro superior mostrou que as crianças do estagio maduro fazem uma preparação melhor na propulsão que as demais, e que a fase aérea e a aterrissagem não permitem uma diferenciação entre os três estágios. Das treze variáveis cinéticas analisadas, sete apontaram diferenças significativas, mas nenhuma destas possibilitou uma diferenciação dos três estágios de desenvolvimento motor. Os resultados do alcance do salto horizontal normalizado pelo membro inferior das crianças mostrou que as crianças do estagio maduro saltaram uma maior distancia normalizada que as do estagio elementar e inicial. Com este resultado pode-se diferenciar o alcance de cada um dos 3 estágios. Na analise da contribuição das variáveis cinéticas para o desempenho do salto horizontal destacou-se a variável impulso total em X, com uma contribuição de 48% para cada membro inferior saltado, mantendo as outras variáveis constantes. Com estes resultados pode-se concluir que? a análise de parâmetros biomecânicos pode ser utilizada na classificação do estágio de desenvolvimento motor de crianças, em uma análise quantitativa, principalmente as variáveis angulares e a distancia saltada normalizada pelo membro inferior; as variáveis cinéticas não permitem uma diferenciação das crianças quanto ao estagio de desenvolvimento motor; que o impulso total em X é a variável cinética que mais contribui para o desempenho do salto horizontal. Por fim, conclui-se que os parâmetros biomecânicos podem auxiliar na análise qualitativa proposta pelo modelo de Gallahue, fornecendo informações mais discriminadas do salto horizontal possibilitando a pesquisadores fazer estudos objetivos sobe o tema.

Name Relation between physical fitness and study results of primary school students Goal The goal of the thesis is to examine physical fitness of primary school students, compare it with their study results, and see if there is any relatioship between these two variables. Methods Physical fitness is tested with tests and norms of Unifittest (6-60) (Měkota, Kovář, 2002) and study results are generated with questionnaires. The answers are then matched with Unifittest's results of each student. Results are processed with the help of statistical methods. Results The results of Unifittest (6- 60) showed above-average or well above-average level of fitness with 89 % of individuals. Only 11 % of participants reached the average score. The best performance was detected with girls of the 9 ͭ ͪ grade and boys of the 7 ͭ ͪ grade. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a medium-strong relation between the Unifittest (6- 60) results and grades from Czech language, foreign language, and mathematics in 2 categories. 6 ͭ ͪ grade girls had the correlation rₛ= 0,51 and 8 ͭ ͪ grade girls rₛ= 0,56. Other categories showed very weak correlation relation. Keywords Unifittest, physical fitness, studying, youth, sit-ups, pull-ups, long jump, Cooper test

Title: A long jump at the modern Olympic Games and other international competitions Subtitle: Personalities and records Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to monitor and analyse individual personalities who at modern Olympic Games and other international top competitions (World Championships, European Championships, Diamond League) pushed forward the record in the long jump, both in relation to the development of the jump technique and other factors affecting the discipline. The work deals more with the athletes themselves and their medallions than with the development of the discipline. Methods: The analysis method was used in the work. The analysis was carried out on results in the long jump from 1896, i.e. from the first modern Olympic Games to 2021. The change in the world record and its evolution, as well as the change in its holders, were analysed in the reporting period. Other personalities who made history in the long jump were also followed. Results: Records in the long jump has changed at international competitions depending on changes in training methods, technique, material and external conditions. Keywords: long jump; olympic games; world record; athletics

Background: Within the rescue service, a varied background is needed to increase the possibility of delivering equal service to the citizens. At present, there is a skewed gender distribution within the municipal rescue services, with only a couple of percent of the firefighters being women. Many women find it difficult to meet the physical limit values on recruitment tests. The standing long jump (SLJ) is used as a part of recruitment tests on many rescue services, to assess leg power. It is not clear though whether SLJ is the most appropriate field-test to assess leg power in firefighter trainees, with men and women mixed in the same group, as it has been argued that anthropometric factors, such as body height (BH), affects the result. Thereby we wanted to study the relationship between BH and SLJ, and compere SLJ with another field-test for measuring leg power, one that omits the variable BH. Aim: The aim was to study the strength of the relationship between body height and the jump length at standing long jump, for firefighter trainees. A second aim was to study the strength of the relationship between firefighter trainees' jump results of the two tests: standing long jump and vertical jump. Methods: The study was executed as an observational cross-sectional study. Three different measurements were carried out: BH, vertical jump (VJ) and SLJ. Correlation analyzes, with Pearson's correlation coefficient, were performed on BH in relation to SLJ, and VJ in relation to SLJ. Results: Fourteen (n = 14) firefighter trainees (women n = 5, men n = 9) met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Subjects' age, body mass index (BMI) and number of workouts per week were 29 ± 7 years old, 25 ± 2 kg/m2 and 4 ± 1 workouts (at least 30 minutes) per week. Results showed a significant moderate correlation between BH and SLJ (r = 0.572). Between the variables VJ and SLJ there were a significant strong correlation (r = 0.862). However, the results changed substantially when the analyzes were performed separately for men and women, with a very low correlation level (r = 0.106 respective r = 0.166) between BH and SLJ. For VJ and SLJ there were a moderate correlation level for men and low for women (r = 0.414 respective r = 0.387). Conclusion: The result from this study is in line with aforementioned work and supports the hypothesis that BH to some extent can affect the jump result at SLJ. Our study complements earlier work and indicates that these results are also applicable to firefighter trainees. The findings in this study indicates VJ could possibly be an alternative field test for SLJ, to assess leg power when recruiting new firefighters. Additional studies are required to investigate the correlation between SLJ and VJ with ad- ditional confounders, such as actual leg power, and also the correlation between VJ and fire- fighters heaviest among most common work tasks.

Bakgrund: Medvetenhet om kropp och rörelse nämns ofta som en viktig fakor i att öka prestationsförmåga, undvika skador, nå högre livskvalitet och förbätta sjukdomstillstånd. Det har länge funnits ambitioner att förbättra rörelse genom ökad medvetenhet. Feldenkraismetoden är en metod för att förbättra rörelse genom förhöjd rörelsemedvetenhet och är förenlig med nutida vetenskap men förhållandevis lite empirisk forskning stöder metodens effektivitet. De flesta tidigare studier har varit på någon form av dysfunktion och ofta subjektiv upplevelse snarare än objektiva värden. Det har varit svårt för Feldenkraispedagoger att finna rätt mätmetoder för att utvärdera metoden. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att utvärdera effekten av träning för ökad rörelsemedvetenhet enligt Feldenkraismetoden på rörelse hos friska personer genom kvantitativ mätning. Metod: Friska kvinnor i en experimentgrupp (n=4, 30±7 år) och en kontrollgrupp (n=4, 26±2 år) testades med fem kvantitativa rörelsetester; one-leg standing balance, one-leg standing long jump, standing triple jump, star excursion balance test och upper quarter Y-balance test, innan och efter en intervention ledd av en auktoriserad Feldenkraispedagog där experimentgruppen genomgick tio träningsfällen enligt Feldenkraismetoden under fem veckors tid. Resultat: Signifikant förbättring (P≤0,05) i förhållande till både förtest och kontrollgrupp sågs vid star excursion balance test för vänster ben. Slutsats: Träning för ökad rörelsemedvetenhet enligt Feldenkraismetoden verkar kunna leda till förbättring i kvantitativt mätt rörelse hos friska kvinnor. Vidare forskning med fler deltagare är nödvändig för att bättre besvara hypotesen att träning för ökad rörelsemedvetenhet genom en intervention med Feldenkraismetoden leder till förbättrade resultat i de utvalda testerna hos friska personer. / Background: Awareness of body and movement is often mentioned as an important factor in increasing performance ability, avoiding injury, reaching a higher quality of life and improving conditions of illness. There has long been an ambition to improve movement through increased awareness. The Feldenkrais method is a method for improving movement through increased movement-awareness and is compatible with modern science. but comparatively little empirical research supports the methods effectivity. Most earlier studies have been on subjects with some form of dysfunction and often on subjective experience rather than objective measurements. It has been challenging for Feldenkrais-practitioners to find suitable ways of measurement for evaluating the method. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of training for increased movement-awareness according to the Feldenkrais method on movement in healthy subjects by quantitative measurements. Method: Healthy women in an experiment-group (n=4, 30±7 years) and a control-group (n=4, 26±2 years) were tested with five quantitative movement-tests; one-leg standing balance, one-leg standing long jump, standing triple jump, star excursion balance test and upper quarter Y-balance test, before and after an intervention where the experiment-group went through ten training sessions according to the Feldenkrais method during five weeks time. Results: Significant improvement (P≤0,05) in comparison to both pre-test and change in the control-group was seen for star excursion balance test of the left leg. Conclusion: Training for increased movement-awareness according to the Feldenkrais method seem to be able to improve quantitatively measured movement in healthy women. Further research with more participants is necessary to better answer the hypothesis that training for increased movement-awareness in accordance with the Feldenkrais method leads to improved results in the chosen tests in healthy persons.

Title: Myodynamics of the support phase during different take-off tasks in human locomotion Objectives: Six types of take-off movement were analyzed in terms of support limb kinematics, take-off dynamics and muscle activation, in order to identify differences in motor control. Methods: 14 male athletes (22.6 ± 4.4 years; 182.4 ± 5.3 cm; 74.7 ± 6.2 kg) took part in laboratory experiment. Each athlete performed six different take-off movements (running, acceleration - first and second step, long jump take-off, high jump take-off and take-off to the hurdle). System Qualisys was used to analyze kinematics of the support limb. Dynamic of the suport phase was measured with Kistler 9281 EA force- plate. ME6000 apparatus was used to measure the muscle activation. Results were processed and statistically evaluated in Matlab (MathWorks, Inc) environment. Pair ANOVA, T-test and Friedmann test were performed to identify differences between take-off movements. regression analysis was introduced to find the relationship between parameters. Results: Significant differences in take-off dynamics are realized with not so significant differences in kinematic and electromyographic parameters. high jump and long jump take-offs acted most specifically in comparison with other types of take-offs. Two typically...

This thesis is devoted to the search of the level of physical abilities of today's younger school-age children in comparison with the results of the 'Children's fitness badge' competition. Data comes from two smaller schools of the Central Bohemian region - Kounice Elementary School, year 1989 and from elementary school Sedlčany, year 2015. The thesis also discusses the differences between results in physically active and inactive pupils, between boys and girls, as well as the ability of today's students to meet the elementary level of the 'Children's fitness badge' points table. I studied these disciplines - the long jump, the 50 meters sprint and the cricket ball throw for my testing. Data were analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS. Key words Athletics, 'Children's fitness badge', younger school-age, long jump, 50 meters sprint, cricket ball throw.

This thesis is devoted to the topic of detection of the level in selected disciplines of today's younger school-age children in comparison with the results of the 'Children's fitness badge' competition. Data comes from two smaller schools of the Central Bohemian region - Kounice Elementary School, year 1989 and from elementary school Sedlčany, year 2015. The thesis also discusses the differences between results in physically active and inactive pupils, between boys and girls, as well as the ability of today's students to meet the elementary level of the 'Children's fitness badge' points table. I study these disciplines - the standing long jump, the 50 meters sprint and the cricket ball throw for my testing. The practical part is realized by the measuring performance in certain disciplines. The performance of boys and girls in each grade are measured separately. Their performances are compared and evaluated by using a test battery 'Children's fitness badge'.