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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

GEODESICS IN LORENTZIAN MANIFOLDS

Botros, Amir A 01 March 2016 (has links)
We present an extension of Geodesics in Lorentzian Manifolds (Semi-Riemannian Manifolds or pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds ). A geodesic on a Riemannian manifold is, locally, a length minimizing curve. On the other hand, geodesics in Lorentzian manifolds can be viewed as a distance between ``events''. They are no longer distance minimizing (instead, some are distance maximizing) and our goal is to illustrate over what time parameter geodesics in Lorentzian manifolds are defined. If all geodesics in timelike or spacelike or lightlike are defined for infinite time, then the manifold is called ``geodesically complete'', or simply, ``complete''. It is easy to show that the magnitude of a geodesic is constant, so one can characterize geodesics in terms of their causal character: if this magnitude is negative, the geodesic is called timelike. If this magnitude is positive, then it is spacelike. If this magnitude is 0, then it is called lightlike or null. Geodesic completeness can be considered by only considering one causal character to produce the notions of spacelike complete, timelike complete, and null or lightlike complete. We illustrate that some of the notions are inequivalent.
2

Representação de Weierstrass em variedades Riemannianas e Lorentzianas / Weierstrass representation in Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds

Freire, Emanoel Mateus dos Santos 12 April 2018 (has links)
O Teorema de Representação de Weierstrass clássico, que faz uso da análise complexa para descrever uma superfície mínima imersa no espaço Euclidiano em termos de dados holomorfos, tem sido extremamente útil seja para construir novos exemplos de superfícies mínimas, seja para o estudo das propriedades destas superfícies. Em [24], usando a equação harmônica, os autores determinam uma fórmula de representação para superfícies mínimas, simplesmente conexas, imersas em uma variedade Riemanniana qualquer. Neste caso, a condição de holomorficidade dos dados de Weierstrass consiste em um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais com coeficientes não constantes. Logo, em geral, é complicado determinar soluções explícitas. No entanto, escolhendo adequadamente o espaço ambiente, tais equações se simplificam e a fórmula pode ser usada para produzir novos exemplos de imersões mínimas conformes. No espaço de Lorentz-Minkowski tridimensional uma fórmula de representação tipo-Weierstrass foi provada por Kobayashi, para o caso das imersões mínimas de tipo espaço (ver [18]), e por Konderak no caso das imersões mínimas de tipo tempo (ver [20]). Na demonstração destas fórmulas se utilizam as ferramentas da análise complexa e paracomplexa, respectivamente. Recentemente, em [22] os resultados de Kobayashi e Konderak foram generalizados para o caso de superfícies mínimas (de tipo espaço e de tipo tempo) imersas em 3-variedades Lorentzianas. Nesta dissertação estudaremos as fórmulas de representação de Weierstrass para superfícies mínimas imersas em variedades Riemannianas e Lorentzianas, que foram obtidas nos artigos [18], [20], [22] e [24]. / The classic Weierstrass Representation Theorem, which makes use of complex analysis to describe a minimal surface immersed in the Euclidean space in terms of holomorphic data, has been extremely useful either to construct new examples of minimal surfaces, rather than to study structural properties of these surfaces. In [24], using the standard harmonic equation, the authors determine a representation formula for simply connected immersed minimal surfaces in a Riemannian manifold. In this case, the holomorphicity condition of the Weierstrass data is a system of partial differential equations with nonconstant coefficients. Therefore, in geral, it is very difficult to determine explicit solutions. However, for particular ambient spaces, these equations become simpler and the formula can be used to produce new examples of conformal minimal immersions. In the three-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space a Weierstrass-type representation formula was proved by Kobayashi for spacelike minimal immersions (see [18]), and by Konderak for the case of timelike minimal immersions (see [20]). In the demonstration of these formulas are used the tools of complex and paracomplex analysis, respectively. Recently, in [22] the results of Kobayashi and Konderak were generalized to the case of (spacelike and timelike) minimal surfaces immersed in 3-Lorentzian manifolds. In this dissertation, we will study the Weierstrass representation formula for immersed minimal surfaces in Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds, that was obtained in the articles [18], [20], [22] and [24].
3

Representação de Weierstrass em variedades Riemannianas e Lorentzianas / Weierstrass representation in Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds

Emanoel Mateus dos Santos Freire 12 April 2018 (has links)
O Teorema de Representação de Weierstrass clássico, que faz uso da análise complexa para descrever uma superfície mínima imersa no espaço Euclidiano em termos de dados holomorfos, tem sido extremamente útil seja para construir novos exemplos de superfícies mínimas, seja para o estudo das propriedades destas superfícies. Em [24], usando a equação harmônica, os autores determinam uma fórmula de representação para superfícies mínimas, simplesmente conexas, imersas em uma variedade Riemanniana qualquer. Neste caso, a condição de holomorficidade dos dados de Weierstrass consiste em um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais com coeficientes não constantes. Logo, em geral, é complicado determinar soluções explícitas. No entanto, escolhendo adequadamente o espaço ambiente, tais equações se simplificam e a fórmula pode ser usada para produzir novos exemplos de imersões mínimas conformes. No espaço de Lorentz-Minkowski tridimensional uma fórmula de representação tipo-Weierstrass foi provada por Kobayashi, para o caso das imersões mínimas de tipo espaço (ver [18]), e por Konderak no caso das imersões mínimas de tipo tempo (ver [20]). Na demonstração destas fórmulas se utilizam as ferramentas da análise complexa e paracomplexa, respectivamente. Recentemente, em [22] os resultados de Kobayashi e Konderak foram generalizados para o caso de superfícies mínimas (de tipo espaço e de tipo tempo) imersas em 3-variedades Lorentzianas. Nesta dissertação estudaremos as fórmulas de representação de Weierstrass para superfícies mínimas imersas em variedades Riemannianas e Lorentzianas, que foram obtidas nos artigos [18], [20], [22] e [24]. / The classic Weierstrass Representation Theorem, which makes use of complex analysis to describe a minimal surface immersed in the Euclidean space in terms of holomorphic data, has been extremely useful either to construct new examples of minimal surfaces, rather than to study structural properties of these surfaces. In [24], using the standard harmonic equation, the authors determine a representation formula for simply connected immersed minimal surfaces in a Riemannian manifold. In this case, the holomorphicity condition of the Weierstrass data is a system of partial differential equations with nonconstant coefficients. Therefore, in geral, it is very difficult to determine explicit solutions. However, for particular ambient spaces, these equations become simpler and the formula can be used to produce new examples of conformal minimal immersions. In the three-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space a Weierstrass-type representation formula was proved by Kobayashi for spacelike minimal immersions (see [18]), and by Konderak for the case of timelike minimal immersions (see [20]). In the demonstration of these formulas are used the tools of complex and paracomplex analysis, respectively. Recently, in [22] the results of Kobayashi and Konderak were generalized to the case of (spacelike and timelike) minimal surfaces immersed in 3-Lorentzian manifolds. In this dissertation, we will study the Weierstrass representation formula for immersed minimal surfaces in Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds, that was obtained in the articles [18], [20], [22] and [24].
4

Degenerate Kundt Spacetimes and the Equivalence Problem

McNutt, David 20 March 2013 (has links)
This thesis is mainly focused on the equivalence problem for a subclass of Lorentzian manifolds: the degenerate Kundt spacetimes. These spacetimes are not defined uniquely by their scalar curvature invariants. To prove two metrics are diffeomorphic, one must apply Cartan's equivalence algorithm, which is a non-trivial task: in four dimensions Karlhede has adapted the algorithm to the formalism of General Relativity and significant effort has been spent applying this algorithm to particular subcases. No work has been done on the higher dimensional case. First, we study the existence of a non-spacelike symmetry in two well-known subclasses of the N dimensional degenerate Kundt spacetimes: those spacetimes with constant scalar curvature invariants (CSI) and those admitting a covariant constant null vector (CCNV). We classify the CSI and CCNV spacetimes in terms of the form of the Killing vector giving constraints for the metric functions in each case. For the rest of the thesis we fix N=4 and study a subclass of the CSI spacetimes: the CSI-? spacetimes, in which all scalar curvature invariants vanish except those constructed from the cosmological constant. We produce an invariant characterization of all CSI-? spacetimes. The Petrov type N solutions have been classified using two scalar invariants. However, this classification is incomplete: given two plane-fronted gravitational waves in which both pairs of invariants are similar, one cannot prove the two metrics are equivalent. Even in this relatively simple subclass, the Karlhede algorithm is non-trivial to implement. We apply the Karlhede algorithm to the collection of vacuum Type N VSI (CSI-?, ? = 0) spacetimes consisting of the vacuum PP-wave and vacuum Kundt wave spacetimes. We show that the upper-bound needed to classify any Type N vacuum VSI metric is four. In the case of the vacuum PP-waves we have proven that the upper-bound is sharp, while in the case of the Kundt waves we have lowered the upper-bound from five to four. We also produce a suite of invariants that characterize each set of non-equivalent metrics in this collection. As an application we show how these invariants may be related to the physical interpretation of the vacuum plane wave spacetimes.
5

Global aspects of holonomy in pseudo-Riemannian geometry

Lärz, Kordian 30 August 2011 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Interaktion von Holonomie und der globalen Geometrie von Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten und pseudo-Riemannschen Untermannigfaltigkeiten in Räumen konstanter Krümmung. Insbesondere konstruieren wir schwach irreduzible, reduzible Lorentzmetriken auf den Totalräumen von gewissen Kreisbündeln, was zu einer Konstruktionsmethode von Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten mit vorgegebener Holonomiedarstellung führt. Danach führen wir eine Bochnertechnik für die Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten ein, die ein nirgends verschwindendes, paralleles, lichtartiges Vektorfeld zulassen, dessen orthogonale Distribution kompakte Blätter hat. Schließlich klassifizieren wir normale Holonomiedarstellungen von raumartigen Untermannigfaltigkeiten in Räumen konstanter Krümmung und verallgemeinern die Klassifikation eine größere Klasse von Untermannigfaltigkeiten. / In this thesis we study the interaction of holonomy and the global geometry of Lorentzian manifolds and pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds in spaces of constant curvature. In particular, we construct weakly irreducible, reducible Lorentzian metrics on the total spaces of certain circle bundles leading to a construction of Lorentzian manifolds with specified holonomy representations. Then we introduce a Bochner technique for Lorentzian manifolds admitting a nowhere vanishing parallel lightlike vector field whose orthogonal distribution has compact leaves. Finally, we classify normal holonomy representations of spacelike submanifolds in spaces of constant curvature and extend the classification to more general submanifolds.
6

Contributions to the geometry of Lorentzian manifolds with special holonomy

Schliebner, Daniel 02 April 2015 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit studieren wir Lorentz-Mannigfaltigkeiten mit spezieller Holonomie, d.h. ihre Holonomiedarstellung wirkt schwach-irreduzibel aber nicht irreduzibel. Aufgrund der schwachen Irreduzibilität lässt die Darstellung einen ausgearteten Unterraum invariant und damit also auch eine lichtartige Linie. Geometrisch hat dies zur Folge, dass wir zwei parallele Unterbündel (die Linie und ihr orthogonales Komplement) des Tangentialbündels erhalten. Diese Arbeit nutzt diese und weitere Objekte um zu beweisen, dass kompakte Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten mit Abelscher Holonomie geodätisch vollständig sind. Zudem werden Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten mit spezieller Holonomie und nicht-negativer Ricci-Krümung auf den Blättern der Blätterung, induziert durch das orthogonale Komplement der parellelen Linie, und maximaler erster Bettizahl untersucht. Schließlich werden vollständige Ricci-flache Lorentzmannigfaltigkeiten mit vorgegebener voller Holonomie konstruiert. / In the present thesis we study dimensional Lorentzian manifolds with special holonomy, i.e. such that their holonomy representation acts indecomposably but non-irreducibly. Being indecomposable, their holonomy group leaves invariant a degenerate subspace and thus a light-like line. Geometrically, this means that, since being holonomy invariant, this line gives rise to parallel subbundles of the tangent bundle. The thesis uses these and other objects to prove that Lorentian manifolds with Abelian holonomy are geodesically complete. Moreover, we study Lorentzian manifolds with special holonomy and non-negative Ricci curvature on the leaves of the foliation induced by the orthogonal complement of the parallel light-like line whose first Betti number is maximal. Finally, we provide examples of geodesically complete and Ricci-flat Lorentzian manifolds with special holonomy and prescribed full holonomy group.
7

Equações de onda generalizadas e quantização funtorial para teorias de campo escalar livre / Generalized wave equations and functorial quantization for free scalar field theories.

Vasconcellos, João Braga de Góes e 07 April 2016 (has links)
Nesta dissertação apresentamos um método de quantização matemática e conceitualmente rigoroso para o campo escalar livre de interações. Trazemos de início alguns aspéctos importantes da Teoria de Distribuições e colocamos alguns pontos de geometria Lorentziana. O restante do trabalho é dividido em duas partes: na primeira, estudamos equações de onda em variedades Lorentzianas globalmente hiperbólicas e apresentamos o conceito de soluções fundamentais no contexto de equações locais. Em seguida, progressivamente construímos soluções fundamentais para o operador de onda a partir da distribuição de Riesz. Uma vez estabelecida uma solução para a equação de onda em uma vizinhança de um ponto da variedade, tratamos de construir uma solução global a partir da extensão do problema de Cauchy a toda a variedade, donde as soluções fundamentais dão lugar aos operadores de Green a partir da introdução de uma condição de contorno. Na última parte do trabalho, apresentamos um mínimo da Teoria de Categorias e Funtores para utilizar esse formalismo na contrução de um funtor de segunda quantização entre a categoria de variedades Lorentzianas globalmente hiperbólicas e a categoria de redes de álgebras C* satisfazendo os axiomas de Haag-Kastler. Ao fim, retomamos o caso particular do campo escalar quântico livre. / In this thesis we present a both mathematical and conceptually rigorous quantization method for the neutral scalar field free of interactions. Initially, we introduce some aspects of the Theory of Distributions and we establish some points of Lorentzian geometry. The rest of the work is divided in two parts: in the first one, we study wave equations on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds, hence presenting the concept of fundamental solutions within the context of locally defined wave equations. Next, we progressively construct fundamental solutions for the wave operator from the Riesz distribution. Once established a solution to the wave equation in a neighbourhood of a point of the manifold, we move forward to produce a global solution from the extension of the Cauchy problem to the whole manifold. At this stage, fundamental solutions are replaced by Green\'s operators by the imposition of appropriate boundary conditions. In the last part, we present a minimum on the Theory of Categories and Functors. This is followed by the use of this formalism in the development of a second-quantization functor between the category of Lorentzian globally hyperbolic manifolds and the category of nets of C*-algebras obeying Haag-Kastler axioms. Finally, we turn our attention to the particular case of the quantum free scalar field.
8

Resultados do tipo Calabi-Bernstein em −R × Hn. / Calabi-Bernstein type results in -R × Hn.

LIMA JÚNIOR, Eraldo Almeida. 25 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-25T19:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERALDO ALMEIDA LIMA JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2011..pdf: 415901 bytes, checksum: 427abfdae7c5a546735d4a6b14f72bfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T19:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERALDO ALMEIDA LIMA JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2011..pdf: 415901 bytes, checksum: 427abfdae7c5a546735d4a6b14f72bfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07 / Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo das hipersuperfícies tipo-espaço imersas no ambiente −R × Hn, exibindo condições para que tais hipersuperfícies sejam slices {t0}×Hn. Para uma melhor compreensão das demonstrações e dos resultados, inserimos processos de diferenciação, cálculos de gradientes e Laplacianos que, juntamente com o princípio do máximo de Omori-Yau, foram cruciais no desenvolvimento dos resultados que, em sua maioria são do tipo Bernstein. Também incluímos um resultado do tipo Calabi. / In this work we present a study of the spacelike hypersurfaces immersed in the manifold −R × Hn providing sufficient conditions for such hypersurfaces be slices, {t0}×Hn. For a better understanding of the proofs and results, we have added differentiation processes, gradient computations and Laplacians which jointly with the Omori-Yau Maximum Principle were crucial in the developing of the results whose are mostly Bernstein-type. In the elapsing we also included Calabi-type results.
9

Equações de onda generalizadas e quantização funtorial para teorias de campo escalar livre / Generalized wave equations and functorial quantization for free scalar field theories.

João Braga de Góes e Vasconcellos 07 April 2016 (has links)
Nesta dissertação apresentamos um método de quantização matemática e conceitualmente rigoroso para o campo escalar livre de interações. Trazemos de início alguns aspéctos importantes da Teoria de Distribuições e colocamos alguns pontos de geometria Lorentziana. O restante do trabalho é dividido em duas partes: na primeira, estudamos equações de onda em variedades Lorentzianas globalmente hiperbólicas e apresentamos o conceito de soluções fundamentais no contexto de equações locais. Em seguida, progressivamente construímos soluções fundamentais para o operador de onda a partir da distribuição de Riesz. Uma vez estabelecida uma solução para a equação de onda em uma vizinhança de um ponto da variedade, tratamos de construir uma solução global a partir da extensão do problema de Cauchy a toda a variedade, donde as soluções fundamentais dão lugar aos operadores de Green a partir da introdução de uma condição de contorno. Na última parte do trabalho, apresentamos um mínimo da Teoria de Categorias e Funtores para utilizar esse formalismo na contrução de um funtor de segunda quantização entre a categoria de variedades Lorentzianas globalmente hiperbólicas e a categoria de redes de álgebras C* satisfazendo os axiomas de Haag-Kastler. Ao fim, retomamos o caso particular do campo escalar quântico livre. / In this thesis we present a both mathematical and conceptually rigorous quantization method for the neutral scalar field free of interactions. Initially, we introduce some aspects of the Theory of Distributions and we establish some points of Lorentzian geometry. The rest of the work is divided in two parts: in the first one, we study wave equations on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds, hence presenting the concept of fundamental solutions within the context of locally defined wave equations. Next, we progressively construct fundamental solutions for the wave operator from the Riesz distribution. Once established a solution to the wave equation in a neighbourhood of a point of the manifold, we move forward to produce a global solution from the extension of the Cauchy problem to the whole manifold. At this stage, fundamental solutions are replaced by Green\'s operators by the imposition of appropriate boundary conditions. In the last part, we present a minimum on the Theory of Categories and Functors. This is followed by the use of this formalism in the development of a second-quantization functor between the category of Lorentzian globally hyperbolic manifolds and the category of nets of C*-algebras obeying Haag-Kastler axioms. Finally, we turn our attention to the particular case of the quantum free scalar field.

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