No description available.

Yes / Objective Medication arrangements for patients with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, can be complex. Some have shared care between primary and secondary services while others have little specialist input. This study investigated the contribution a specialist mental health clinical pharmacy team could make to medicines optimisation for patients on the SMI register in primary care. Research shows that specialist mental health pharmacists improve care in inpatient settings. However, little is known about their potential impact in primary care. Method Five general practice surgeries were allocated half a day per week of a specialist pharmacist and technician for 12 months. The technician reviewed primary and secondary care records for discrepancies. Records were audited for high-dose or multiple antipsychotics, physical health monitoring and adherence. Issues were referred to the pharmacist for review. Surgery staff were encouraged to refer psychotropic medication queries to the team. Interventions were recorded and graded. Results 316/472 patients on the SMI register were prescribed antipsychotics or mood stabilisers. 23 (7%) records were updated with missing clozapine and depot information. Interventions by the pharmacist included clarifying discharge information (12/104), reviewing high-dose and multiple antipsychotic prescribing (18/104), correcting errors (10/104), investigating adherence issues (16/104), following up missing health checks (22/104) and answering queries from surgery staff (23/104). Five out of six interventions possibly preventing hospital admission were for referral of non-adherent patients. Conclusion The pharmacy team found a variety of issues including incomplete medicines reconciliation, adherence issues, poor communication, drug errors and the need for specialist advice. The expertise of the team enabled timely resolution of issues and bridges were built between primary and secondary care.

(Truncated abstract) The aims of this thesis are: (i) To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric illness among persons with intellectual disability and, conversely, the prevalence of intellectual disability among persons with a psychiatric illness; (ii) To describe the disability and service utilisation profile of persons with conjoint disorder; (iii) To examine, in particular, intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia; and (iv) To explore the role of hereditary and environmental (specifically obstetric) risk factors in the aetiology of (i) intellectual disability and (ii) intellectual disability co-occurring with psychiatric illness. This thesis has a special interest in the relationship between intellectual disability and schizophrenia. Where data and sample sizes permit, it explores that relationship at some depth and has included sections on the putative nature of the link between intellectual disability and schizophrenia in the introductory and discussion chapters. To realise its objectives, the thesis comprises a core study focusing on aims (i) – (iii) and a supplementary study whose focus is aim (iv). It also draws on work from an ancillary study completed prior to the period of candidacy...This thesis found that, overall, 31.7% of persons with an intellectual disability had a psychiatric illness; 1.8% of persons with a psychiatric illness had an intellectual disability. The rate of schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder or unipolar major depression, was greatly increased among cases of conjoint disorder: depending on birth cohort, 3.7-5.2% of individuals with intellectual disability had co-occurring schizophrenia. Down syndrome was much less prevalent among conjoint disorder cases despite being the most predominant cause of intellectual disability while pervasive developmental disorder was over-represented. Persons with conjoint disorder had a more severe clinical profile including higher mortality rates than those with a single disability. The supplementary study confirmed the findings in the core body of work with respect to the extent of conjoint disorder, its severity, and its relationship with pervasive development disorder and Down syndrome. Moreover, the supplementary study and the ancillary influenza study indicated a role for neurodevelopmental insults including obstetric complications in the adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes, with timing of the insult a potentially critical element in defining the specific outcome. The supplementary study also added new information on familiality in intellectual disability. It found that, in addition to parental intellectual disability status and exposure to labour and delivery complications at birth, parental psychiatric status was an independent predictor of intellectual disability in offspring as well as a predictor of conjoint disorder. In conclusion, the facility to collect and integrate records held by separate State administrative health jurisdictions, and to analyse them within the one database has had a marked impact on the capacity for this thesis to estimate the prevalence of conjoint disorder among intellectually disabled and psychiatric populations, and to understand more about its clinical manifestations and aetiological underpinnings.

MA ( Psychology) / Department of Psychology

The essay starts with an introduction to the chosen topic. Then the background goes through the different definitions of mental illness and elite sports, the correlation between these two, the stigmatisation of mental illness and lastly promotional and preventional work. Later, today’s problem with mental illness is raised along with floorball and furthermore the essay’s objectives. The essay’s purpose is to investigate which factors cause mental illness to a greater extent in national series than in federal series in Swedish floorball. Also how associations work to prevent mental ill health within their organization. Additionally the essay’s method is a quantitative and digital survey. The survey is distributed via email and the authors personal contacts. The essay´s results showed that the swedish floorball players have a high level of stress, anxiety and overtraining. It also shows that the players don't feel support from their organisation when a player is experiencing mental disorders. Furthermore, the result shows that floorball club is not working with prevention and supporting of mental illness.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022. / Mental illness is a high burden of disease especially in Low- and Medium-Income Countries (LMICs) like South Africa. In many LMICs, there is a paucity of Mental Health Professionals (MHCPs). As a result, people with mental illness call their faith healers or religious/spiritual leaders (pastors in this study) when experiencing mental health problems. Pastors are more accessible, share the same religious/spiritual beliefs about mental illness with their congregants and often provide religious/spiritual solutions to those who consult with them. Thus, they are often preferred over MHCPs. However, pastors are rarely involved as partners in community based mental health programs. While mental illness is mainly clinically diagnosed and recognised by MHCPs using the DSM-5 and ICD-10 codes, less is known in South Africa with regards to the views of pastors with regards to their notions of what mental illness is. Thus, it may be complex for Pentecostal pastors to clearly distinguish between spirit possession and mental illness as much as it is complex for MHCPs who struggle with accommodating their patients’ religious/spiritual beliefs. Religious/spiritual beliefs are significant in many Africans seeking mental health recovery. However, less has been explored in South Africa in the area of religion/spirituality and its relevance in the practice of clinical psychology. Western based psychotherapeutic methods of intervention which exclude the religious/spiritual domain of African clients continue to dominate the practise of psychology in Africa. Given the above, this study aimed to explore and understand selected Pentecostal pastors’ perception and treatment of mental illness. The research objectives were, namely: (1) to establish the notions held by Pentecostal pastors’ regarding what mental illness is (2) to establish Pentecostal pastors’ perception of what causes mental illness; (3) to determine Pentecostal pastors’ perceptions of how and by whom mental illness can be recognised, diagnosed, treated and managed; (4) To determine Pentecostal pastors’ views regarding their own roles in the management of mental illness; and (5) To canvass and describe Pentecostal pastors’ perceptions about collaboration for purposes of an intervention programme aimed at providing a holistic care and treatment of religious/spiritual patients. The study was qualitative, and the exploratory research approach was adopted. The research was informed by the Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual (BPSS) model. Purposive sampling was used to select nineteen (19) participants. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis (TA). The following six major themes emerged from the analysed data: (i) Notions of mental illness; (ii) Causes of mental illness;(iii) Recognition and diagnosis of mental illness (iv) Notions on the treatment and management of mental illness; (v) Perceived roles in the treatment and management of mental illness; (vi) Views regarding collaboration with MHCPs. The participants held a multifactorial view of mental illness. They were limited in their understanding of mental illness and perceived it mainly to be madness (psychosis). The participants’ perception of mental illness was influenced by their theological (Pentecostal) as well as their cultural backgrounds (Black Africans). The participants indicated that they lacked training in mental health issues. As such, they were not opposed to collaborating with MHCPs. They mentioned that their roles included counselling, prayer, support, and referral. This study also discovered that Pentecostal pastors upheld three treatment approaches of mental illness namely: The Full-Collaborative Approach; The Partial-Collaborative Approach and the Non-Collaborative Approach. Findings of the study were discussed, and recommendations were made including the proposed intervention programme between pastors and MHCPs with the aim of facilitating a referral process and collaboration between the two professions. / National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS), and South African Humanities Deans Association (SAHUDA)

The present study aims to contribute to knowledge about the psychosocial health inworking life after growing up with a parent with a mental illness. The study also wants toinvestigate what impact from society is needed in order to support a positive developmentfor this group of children. Theoretical perspectives used were the Socio-ecological modeland Attachment theory. A qualitative method with semi structured interviews was used.Six informants from a purposive sampling group participated in the study. The collectedmaterial was transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out. The results mainlyshowed that security seeking, low self-esteem, insecurity, pronounced sense ofresponsibility, a great need for adaption and control, and a striving for acceptance fromthe environment was important. The results also show the importance of support and helpfrom the environment. Growing up with a mentally ill parent does not necessarily have anegative effect on a person’s occupational health, but several experiences in working lifewere reported, that could be related to childhood conditions in a family with mentalillness

No description available.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka och bidra med ökad kunskap om skolkuratorers erfarenhet av deras arbete och möte med gymnasieelever i åldrarna 15–19 år som lider av psykisk ohälsa.. Frågeställningarna i denna studie är: Hur ser skolkuratorers handlingsutrymme ut när det gäller att stödja och hjälpa en ungdom som lider av psykisk ohälsa? Utifrån skolkuratorers erfarenheter- vilka konsekvenser ger psykisk ohälsa för ungdomarna?   Studiens metod baseras på kvalitativ forskningsmetod där fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer har analyserats utifrån kvalitativ analys. Intervjudata analysera genom Kvales sex analyssteg med stöd av två teorier. Dessa teorier är teorin om handlingsutrymme samt systemteori. Resultatet visar att de intervjuade skolkuratorerna upplever att deras handlingsutrymme inte är begränsat. Däremot uttrycker vissa av de att deras handlingsutrymme blir begränsad på grund av tid och att de inte får utföra behandlingsinsatser. Vidare berättar respondenterna att konsekvensernas av psykisk ohälsa kan skilja sig åt, men att de mest förekommande faktorerna är sömnproblem, stress, uppväxtmiljön och relationer med vänner och familj.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV/AIDS pandemic has led to millions of deaths; disability for the sufferers and multiple socioeconomic effects on HIV infected and affected individuals. Among the factors affecting people living with HIV/AIDS that may contribute to HIV related disability is mental illness such as HIV related manias and depression. ‘HIV counselors’ make up part of the team at the forefront of HIV treatment and management in Uganda but little is known about their perceptions of mental illness. This study therefore sought to explore the perceptions of mental illness among HIV counselors in Uganda. A qualitative study was conducted. Ten individual interviews and three focus group discussions were carried out among 31 HIV counselors. They were selected from five HIV treatment centers in Kampala district, Uganda. An interview guide based on Kleinman’s explanatory model of illness with case vignettes depicting depression, alcohol abuse, mania, and psychosis were used to facilitate discussion. Data was thematically analyzed. HIV counselors exhibited some knowledge concerning depression among HIV positive clients, with some viewing the symptoms of depression as “understandable sadness” arising from the HIV client’s psychosocial reality which is rife with poverty, stigma and lack of social support. Counselors also reported that some of their client’s physical symptoms were a result of their emotional problems. Mania and psychosis were attributed to religious beliefs and witchcraft; and in some cases disease progression or HIV drugs. Chronic alcohol abuse, despite continuous counseling was seen as a waste of the counselor’s time in face of overwhelming numbers of clients per day. Such clients, along with clients with suicidal ideations were often threatened or ignored. Counselors agreed that they needed training on assessment of mental illness, and how difficult cases could be referred. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die MIV/VIGS pandemie het al miljoene sterftes tot gevolg gehad; ook ongeskiktheid vir die lyers en veelvuldige sosio-ekonomiese gevolge vir individue met MIV sowel as ander individue wat daardeur geraak word. Van die faktore wat ‘n uitwerking op mense het wat leef met MIV/VIGS en wat kan bydra tot HIV ongeskiktheid, is geestesversteurings soos HIV verwante manies en depressie. “MIV-voorligters” is deel van ‘n span wat aan die voorpunt staan van die behandeling en bestuur van MIV in Uganda, maar min is bekend oor hulle persepsies van geestesversteuring. In die onderhawige studie is MIV-voorligters in Uganda se persepsies van geestesversteuring ondersoek. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie is onderneem. Tien individuele onderhoude en drie fokusgroepbesprekings is gedoen onder 31 MIV-voorligters. Hulle is geselekteer uit vyf MIV-behandelingsentrums in die Kampala-distrik, Uganda. ‘n Onderhoudskedule gebaseer op Kleinman se verklarende siektemodel, bestaande uit karakterskets-gevallestudies wat depressie, alkoholmisbruik, manie en psigose uitbeeld, is gebruik om die besprekings te fasiliteer. Die data is tematies ontleed. MIV-voorligters het getoon dat hulle in ‘n mate oor kennis beskik ten opsigte van depressie by MIV-positiewe kliënte. Sommige voorligters het die simptome van depressie beskou as “verstaanbare droewigheid” wat voortspruit uit die MIV-kliënt se psigososiale werklikheid, bestaande uit armoede, stigma en ‘n gebrek aan sosiale ondersteuning. Voorligters het ook gerapporteer dat sommige kliënte se fisiese simptome die gevolg is van emosionele probleme. Manie en psigose is toegeskryf aan godsdienstige oortuigings and toordery; en in sommige gevalle aan progressie van die siekte of MIVmedisyne. As gevolg van die feit dat voorligters daagliks oorlaai word met kliëntgetalle, is kliënte wat kronies alkohol gebruik beskou as ‘n vermorsing van voorligters se tyd, ten spyte van voortdurende voorligting. Sulke kliënte, tesame met kliënte wat selfmoordneigings getoon het, is dikwels gedreig of geïgnoreer. Voorligters was dit eens dat hulle opleiding benodig in die assessering van geestessiekte asook leiding oor hoe om moeilike gevalle te verwys.