<p>Knowledge is the Key</p><p>- Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies</p><p>Information and knowledge contributes to growth and development through empowering individuals and communities, creating opportunities to improve their living conditions. Technology is advancing rapidly and the Information and Communication Technology, ICT, provides new ways to attain information. Especially the Internet is regarded to be a source of information and knowledge. However, there are still many places in the world where Internet access is not yet available to everyone. The consequences are that people in developing countries do not get the opportunity to benefit from the new technology and the possibilities it brings.</p><p>The research for this thesis was carried out in Grenada during November and December 2006. Grenada is a small independent island in the English speaking Caribbean, where only a small percentage of the population has Internet access. The purpose of the study is to examine if a selection of young individuals in Grenada can obtain enhanced knowledge through using the Internet. Furthermore, the study intends to depict what attitudes and opinions can be found among the youths, focusing on the possibilities as well as the negative effects of the Internet.</p><p>This study was conducted trough a qualitative orientated methodological perspective with strategically selected respondents between 11 and 35 years old. Qualitative interviews were being made with nine individuals who were using the Internet regularly.</p><p>The conclusion of this thesis is that organized strategies and projects are required, with the aim to create motives for the young generation of Grenada to obtain enhanced knowledge through Internet usage. The access and availability in itself is not enough, because seeking information and knowledge is not the main purpose when the youths are using the Internet. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that the Internet is considered to be a source of information and knowledge and that they know where and how to find information when using the Internet, if they wanted to. The result also reveals an overall positive attitude towards the Internet and the future among the youths, yet still well aware of the negative consequences. The respondents expressed a desire to be able to keep up with the technology and wished for increased and improved accessibility and connectivity in Grenada.</p><p>Another interesting conclusion this research generated is the confirmation of the digital divide as a matter of global stratification, rather than differences between countries. Regardless of the country of origin, people with Internet access will have advantages in life and benefit from the technology, unlike those who have no access and hence, will fall even further behind.</p>

The relationship between the Socialist Unity Party [SED] and the medical intelligentsia in the German Democratic Republic [GDR] has often been described as one of the most problem-atic for the Republic‟s political vanguard. This thesis discusses this relationship for the two dec-ades after the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961. With the inability of East German workers to leave for West Germany after this event, the GDR was able to enforce their programme of so-cialist development in a new way. Doctors, despite being crucial for this socialist society and its legitimacy, were not excluded from the state‟s radical new policies. However, as files from the former state security apparatus, party and trade union make obvious, doctors were very success-ful in preventing both the ideological conditioning of their community and state interference in the composition of the medical elite. With the examination of the every-day life of the medical intelligentsia, especially in East German hospitals, this thesis contributes to the discussion about the difference between the claims of the socialist party and the realities faced in the healthcare sector. There were a variety of complex reasons for the increasing distance between the state‟s claim and reality, many of which will be analysed in the course of this work. This analysis is, em-bedded in a historical approach, outlined mainly by Mary Fulbrook, which sets the micro-level in the context of the macro-level, considering the correlation between the claim and ideology of the SED, their communication, mechanisms and policies reaching the boundaries of the social con-glomerate of doctors, as well as their reactions, career aspirations and pre-conditions. For the seventies, a whole section is dedicated to exploring the reasons that the medical intelligentsia was one of the main-clients of so-called „human trafficking gangs‟, enabling insight into their situa-tion and the attitude towards the socialist state, which led them to „vote with their feet‟. This the-sis demonstrates, especially for the sixties and seventies, that there is still much potential for fur-ther research, in to the case of the most ideologically unreliable social group in the GDR: the medical intelligentsia.

Of all the countries studied in the large-scale WHO Multi-country Study on Women´s Health and Domestic Violence against Women (2005), Ethiopian women had the highest numbers of acceptance of intimate partner violence. And according to previous research on the subject, Ethiopian women have a high tolerance for and acceptance of the violence they endure. Yet when I interviewed women in Ethiopia (all of whom had been victims of violence) I discovered multiple forms of resistance to - rather than acceptance of - violence. Rather than confirming how women come to accept violence, my study uncovers many ways in which women resist violence, even in contexts where the available means of resistance are extremely limited.The aim of my inductive study is to begin to do justice to these forms of resistance, which are easily overlooked. First, as I argue in the analyses of my interviews with the women, our ability to discern forms of resistance in situations of intimate partner violence requires a more capacious notion of resistance than the one usually employed. Second, as I argue through my engagement with the previous research and the analyses of my interviews with women’s organizations in Ethiopia, the inability to discern multiple and varied forms of resistance leads one to underestimate the degree of non-acceptance and active resistance in situations of intimate partner violence. Thus, while my limited study does not permit general conclusions about violence against women in Ethiopia, I conclude by suggesting that my findings have two important implications for social work, one theoretical and one practical.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseISR.pdf: 1195618 bytes, checksum: 43934c27c41448f49a0ac3cb8c0b9cb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-13 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This thesis is concerned to the structure of a productive and organizational arrangement the mini-factory (MF) and its related concepts. A local subsidiary of an electronics multinational corporation was analysed, considering the main characteristics of the mini-factory. The thesis analysed the initial project for the mini-factory, its planning and implementation, the main changes and adaptations along the years, and the way that the mini-factory concept is used more recently by the company. The thesis also analysed the mini-factory impacts and contributions for the work groups and the qualification processes, focusing both people and organization. A case study research was developed, including interviews and data research, considering three distinctive periods of study. The variety of data collected supported the analysis of several important characteristics of the company and the way it works. The main results of this thesis show that the arrangement studied, called mini-factory by the company, is, actually, a new hybrid productive and organizational arrangement, that integrates characteristics of the mini-factory original concept with the related concepts. The results indicate that the adaptation processes, made during the years by the company, developed an arrangement different from those described by the other companies and even by the literature. These identified characteristics had been crucial for the good results achieved by the company and, nowadays, it is considered an example for the other subsidiaries of this multinational corporation. / A tese aborda a estrutura e o funcionamento de um arranjo produtivo e organizacional denominado de mini - fábrica (MF), estudando para isso as principais características presentes no planejamento, na implantação e na utilização das minifábricas nos dias atuais, em uma unidade de um grande grupo multinacional do setor eletroeletrônico. Buscou-se compreender a proposta inicial de mini-fábricas, como elas foram implantadas, quais as principais modificações e adaptações que foram realizadas ao longo dos anos, como o conceito estava sendo empregado mais recentemente, e quais os principais impactos e contribuições desse arranjo produtivo e organizacional para a organização e para as pessoas envolvidas nesse processo. A análise foi desenvolvida a partir de um estudo de caso na unidade, em que foram realizadas as entrevistas e coletados dados em três momentos distintos, obtendo-se um vasto material que permitiu observar e analisar diversas características importantes presentes no cotidiano da unidade. Os resultados mostraram que o arranjo denominado pela empresa de minifábrica pode ser considerado como um novo arranjo produtivo e organizacional híbrido, que concilia as características do conceito mini-fábricas com as de outros conceitos também utilizados pela unidade.No decorrer dos anos, as adaptações e as mudanças realizadas pela unidade fizeram que esse arranjo apresentasse aspectos diferentes dos empregados em outras empresas e dos descritos pela literatura. Essas características presentes nas mini-fábricas são fundamentais para os bons resultados obtidos pela empresa, e se tornaram um exemplo para as outras unidades do grupo.

This is a Minor Field Study (MFS) which is a scholarship financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). It was conducted in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa in 2007/2008. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of the political representative in the system of political representation and it will test the different theories of political representation based on interests or identity. This study is concerned with the function of the political representatives as they are the link between the system of representation and the electorate. Since the election system is designed for political representation based on interest and the voting in South Africa suggests voting based on identity/race the representatives must balance these different signals.

This paper outlines the current situation of Internet usage and attitudes towards the Internet among ordinary people in Arusha, Tanzania, and examines the views of ordinary citizens on the effects of the arrival of Internet and the possible digital divide. Using qualitative interviews with equal groups of ordinary Internet users and ordinary non- Internet users in Arusha, the authors found varying levels of awareness about Internet services and facilities and their availability. There was also a widespread concern about immoral western influences communicated by the Internet and how it may affect the domestic culture. It was clearly shown that Internet usage and the possibility to utilize the information found is dependent on education levels and the economic situation of the users, two closely related factors. To get additional views on the subject interviews were also carried out with representatives for Radio and TV stations as well as newspapers located in Arusha, institutions for higher education in the ICT field, Internet providers, and Arusha Municipal Council. To examine the actual Internet usage we extracted random samples of visited websites in several of the Internet cafés, which most of the Arushans use to access the Internet. It was found that government action is necessary that the in order to bridge the digital divide, but as a result of systematic censorship of media government efforts meet a profound distrust among people, neither does the government consider this to be any of their responsibilities.

Examensarbetet har genomförts som en Minor Field Study (MFS), i Kina med fokus på hållbar fysisk planering. Begreppet hållbar utveckling är omfattande varför arbetet har begränsats att belysa fyra viktiga områden med stark koppling till fysisk planering; Energi, Transport, Vatten och Avfall. Examensarbetet har delats upp i två delar; Teori och Fältstudie - Shidao. Utvecklingen i Kina går snabbt och städer växer med en rasande fart i en process som många gånger dominerats av kortsiktigt ekonomiskt fokus. Under senare år har fysisk planering med fokus på hållbar utveckling uppmärksammats. Hållbarhetsbegreppet har bland annat sin utgångspunkt i det ekologiska kretsloppet. Industrialiseringen har inneburit kraftigt ökad energiförbrukning i Kina och kol används i stor utsträckning vilket är en av orsakerna till ökade föroreningar i landet. 16 av världens 20 mest förorenade städer ligger i Kina och lösningen på problemet är bl.a. förnyelsebara energikällor och att hushålla med energin. Den kraftigt ökande efterfrågan på bilar och ökade trafikmängderna orsakar allvarliga problem med föroreningar i storstäder runt om i Kina. Välfungerande kollektivtrafik lyfts fram som ett viktigt element i ett hållbart samhälle samtidigt som gång- och cykeltrafik ska uppmuntras och prioriteras i den fysiska planeringen. Hantering av vatten och avfall får också stora konsekvenser i den snabba utveckling som Kina står i. Efterfrågan på vatten ökar samtidigt som det uppstår stora problem med förorenat vatten. Dagvattenhanteringen är ett viktigt område där fysisk planering kan spela en avgörande roll. Vad gäller avfallshanteringen måste mängden avfall minskas samtidigt som allt mer av avfallet återanvänds eller återvinns. Följande referensområden har studerats med syfte att lyfta fram stadsutvecklingsprojekt med fokus på hållbarhet: Bo01/Västra hamnen i Malmö, Viikki i Helsingfors och Luodian Town i Shanghai. Cheklista som utgångspunkt för fältstudien i Shidao, Kina: Energi NYTTJA FÖRNYELSEBARA ENERGIKÄLLOR EFFEKTIV DISTRIBUTIONSTEKNOLOGI ENERGI-EFFEKTIVT BYGGANDE UPPMUNTRA TEKNOLOGI/SYSTEM FÖR ÅTERANVÄNDNING INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Transport PRIORITERA KOLLEKTIVTRAFIK UPPMUNTRA MILJÖVÄNLIG FORDONSTEKNIK MINSKA BILANVÄNDNING UPPMUNTRA GÅNG- OCH CYKELTRAFIK Vatten SÄKRA PRODUKTION OCH DISTRIBUTION RENA DAGVATTNET FÖRHINDRA ÖVERSVÄMNING BIDRA TILL MÅNGFALD OCH ESTETISKA VÄRDEN Avfall MINSKA, ÅTERANVÄND, ÅTERVINN FÖRBÄTTRADE, SANITÄRA DEPONIER INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Området, ett nedlagt industriområde, står inför en omvandling till bostäder, kontor och handel och under den tidiga planeringen har hållbarhetsaspekterna fått mycket lite fokus. Fältstudien omfattar en inventering av området men också en analys av de tidigare planerna som redovisats för den nya bebyggelsen. Analysen av tidigare planförslag har sin utgångspunkt i den nämnda checklistan och följs av förslag på ändringar av det befintliga planförslaget. Två områden, en offentlig miljö och en privat miljö har detaljstuderats. Befintligt planförslag arbetades om i två detaljerade planförslag för att rymma de åtgärder som lyfts fram i analysen. Stadsplaneringen i Kina står inför avgörande beslut vad gäller miljön. Planering på lång sikt kommer att krävas och många viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till inom hållbar planering ryms i den cheklista som presenteras i examensarbetet. / Josef Erixon, tel: 070-3329196, Tina Bosnjak, tel: 070-6078064

Knowledge is the Key - Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies Information and knowledge contributes to growth and development through empowering individuals and communities, creating opportunities to improve their living conditions. Technology is advancing rapidly and the Information and Communication Technology, ICT, provides new ways to attain information. Especially the Internet is regarded to be a source of information and knowledge. However, there are still many places in the world where Internet access is not yet available to everyone. The consequences are that people in developing countries do not get the opportunity to benefit from the new technology and the possibilities it brings. The research for this thesis was carried out in Grenada during November and December 2006. Grenada is a small independent island in the English speaking Caribbean, where only a small percentage of the population has Internet access. The purpose of the study is to examine if a selection of young individuals in Grenada can obtain enhanced knowledge through using the Internet. Furthermore, the study intends to depict what attitudes and opinions can be found among the youths, focusing on the possibilities as well as the negative effects of the Internet. This study was conducted trough a qualitative orientated methodological perspective with strategically selected respondents between 11 and 35 years old. Qualitative interviews were being made with nine individuals who were using the Internet regularly. The conclusion of this thesis is that organized strategies and projects are required, with the aim to create motives for the young generation of Grenada to obtain enhanced knowledge through Internet usage. The access and availability in itself is not enough, because seeking information and knowledge is not the main purpose when the youths are using the Internet. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that the Internet is considered to be a source of information and knowledge and that they know where and how to find information when using the Internet, if they wanted to. The result also reveals an overall positive attitude towards the Internet and the future among the youths, yet still well aware of the negative consequences. The respondents expressed a desire to be able to keep up with the technology and wished for increased and improved accessibility and connectivity in Grenada. Another interesting conclusion this research generated is the confirmation of the digital divide as a matter of global stratification, rather than differences between countries. Regardless of the country of origin, people with Internet access will have advantages in life and benefit from the technology, unlike those who have no access and hence, will fall even further behind.

Decentralized development approaches have in recent years gained wide acceptance in policy circles. In India the national and the state governments have for a long time undertaken the primary responsibility for water management. In recent years however, there has been a clear shift of policy towards increased reliance on the local communities. This thesis deals with the capacity of rural communities in India to manage their water resources in a sustainable way. Through a case study of water management in a South Indian village opportunities and barriers for rural communities in India to manage their water resources in a sustainable way is analysed. The thesis deals with both formal and informal institutions involved in the water management.Factors that can promote and obstruct locals’ contribution in water management are discussed. Also the role of external actors such as NGOs, the Panchayats and the government is dealt with, and how they may facilitate a development towards sustainability and increased locals’ contribution in order to achieve a sustainable community bases water management. Theories on collective action and the commons have been used in the analysis. These theories deal with how to get people to cooperate regarding the management of common resources such as water in order to achieve higher collective benefits. The study is primarily based on 66 semistructured qualitative interviews with local water users in a village in Andhra Pradesh. / Decentralized development approaches have in recent years gained wide acceptance in policy circles. In India the national and the state governments have for a long time undertaken the primary responsibility for water management. In recent years however, there has been a clear shift of policy towards increased reliance on the local communities. This thesis deals with the capacity of rural communities in India to manage their water resources in a sustainable way. Through a case study of water management in a South Indian village opportunities and barriers for rural communities in India to manage their water resources in a sustainable way is analysed. The thesis deals with both formal and informal institutions involved in the water management.Factors that can promote and obstruct locals’ contribution in water management are discussed. Also the role of external actors such as NGOs, the Panchayats and the government is dealt with, and how they may facilitate a development towards sustainability and increased locals’ contribution in order to achieve a sustainable community bases water management. Theories on collective action and the commons have been used in the analysis. These theories deal with how to get people to cooperate regarding the management of common resources such as water in order to achieve higher collective benefits. The study is primarily based on 66 semistructured qualitative interviews with local water users in a village in Andhra Pradesh. / The ISRN in the pdf-file is incorrect. The correct ISRN is shown below.

The aim of this study and field trip is to study how English as a second language is taught in a school in India. The focus will be on the materials used during the lessons and how they are used by the teacher. My concentration will be on a primary school in Vadodara, Gujarat in India and my delimitation will be on English learned as a second language in a governmental school.  The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how English teachers in local government schools in Vadodara, Gujarat focus on the integration of the four skills; speaking, listening, reading and writing during the English lessons. I have gathered data through interviews, observations and through the material used during the lesson. The results of the empirical findings are that even though the government has specific goals, focusing on the teaching of the four skills, for the schools these goals cannot be attained. These goals can be found in the syllabus which is presented in the theoretical background of the essay. Even though the teachers state that they can use different materials teaching English, the only material used in the classroom is the textbook and all the lessons are based on it. To be able to "pronounce English words and word-clusters and sentences occurring in the text; correctly" was a speaking goal that was difficult for the students to attain. The reason for that may be because of the teachers’ lack of proficiency in the English language.