Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-12T18:55:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) silvania_pereira_figueiredo.pdf: 1615640 bytes, checksum: 3b29f450f86543b38635f9eacb617f38 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-12T18:56:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) silvania_pereira_figueiredo.pdf: 1615640 bytes, checksum: 3b29f450f86543b38635f9eacb617f38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-12T18:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) silvania_pereira_figueiredo.pdf: 1615640 bytes, checksum: 3b29f450f86543b38635f9eacb617f38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de se avaliar o leite cru e o queijo Minas artesanal do Serro, Minas Gerais, rec?m-fabricado e maturado e, a produ??o de queijo com doces. Amostras foram coletadas em cinco propriedades rurais, aleatoriamente selecionadas de um total de 32 certificadas pelo Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria. O leite e o queijo rec?m-fabricados foram coletados a cada dois meses, durante 6 meses. Para a pesquisa de altera??es decorrentes da matura??o, foram coletados 25 queijos com 3 dias de fabrica??o no m?s de janeiro (ver?o chuvoso) e 25 no m?s de julho (inverno seco). Os queijos foram maturados em c?mara fria (8 ?C/Umidade Relativa de 85 %) por 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias, sendo realizadas, tamb?m, an?lises no tempo inicial. Para o leite cru procedeu-se ? determina??o da acidez titul?vel, densidade, teores de gordura, prote?na, lactose, umidade, massa seca total, res?duo mineral fixo, quantifica??o de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes, contagem total de bact?rias l?ticas, de micro-organismos aer?bios mes?filos, de Staphylococcus spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Para o queijo rec?m-fabricado foram realizadas as an?lises de pH, atividade de ?gua mais as mencionadas para o leite, com exce??o da densidade e teor de lactose e com a inclus?o das an?lises instrumentais de firmeza, adesividade e cor (L* a* b*, croma e matiz). O teor de gordura do queijo foi corrigido para mat?ria seca. Para a pesquisa de matura??o foram realizadas as an?lises mencionadas para o queijo rec?m-fabricado, exceto atividade de ?gua e, incluindo-se contagem de fungos filamentosos e leveduras. Para os queijos com doces, o controle consistiu de queijo produzido sem doce. Os doces em ponto de corte foram fracionados em cubos de 2 cm2 e adicionados ? regi?o central do queijo durante a enformagem. Mensurou-se a firmeza na superf?cie e na regi?o central dos queijos, luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho-verde (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*), croma (C), matiz (H?), pH, umidade, massa seca, gordura, gordura corrigida para a massa seca, prote?na, carboidrato total, res?duo mineral fixo e energia metaboliz?vel total. As an?lises foram conduzidas no queijo rec?m-fabricado e nos tempos de 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias de armazenamento. Houve varia??o (p<0,05) na acidez, lactose, contagens de coliformes termotolerantes e bact?rias l?ticas no leite cru. Dentre estas, ressalta-se a maior acidez e menor teor de lactose em janeiro, mar?o, julho, setembro e novembro, meses que tamb?m apresentaram maiores contagens de coliformes termotolerantes e bact?rias l?ticas. Nos queijos houve varia??o (p<0,05), ao longo dos meses, para pH, acidez, gordura corrigida para a massa seca, massa seca, firmeza, adesividade, intensidade de verde (?a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*), croma (C), atividade de ?gua, contagens de coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus spp. Quanto ao estudo da matura??o, no ver?o a umidade dos queijos diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do tempo de matura??o, enquanto que no inverno, os valores de umidade diminu?ram at? os 30 dias de matura??o seguido por aumento a partir dos 45 dias. As contagens de coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva mantiveram-se altas no ver?o, as quais, no entanto, reduzidas durante o tempo de matura??o. A popula??o de fungos aumentou na medida em que se aumentou o tempo de matura??o, havendo maior crescimento no per?odo de ver?o. Observou-se que no ver?o os queijos apresentaram textura mais firme. Nos queijos produzidos com doces, observou-se que a firmeza na superf?cie e no centro foram maiores ao longo do per?odo de armazenamento. A firmeza na superf?cie foi semelhante entre o queijo controle e os queijos com goiabada e bananada. A firmeza no centro, no entanto, foi menor nos queijos com doce. Os par?metros de cor (L*a*b* C H?) do queijo controle, do queijo com goiabada e do queijo com bananada n?o apresentaram varia??o significativa ao longo do per?odo de armazenamento. A luminosidade (L*) dos queijos com goiabada e bananada foi superior a do controle. O queijo com bananada apresentou luminosidade (L*), intensidade de amarelo (b*), matiz (H?) e croma (C) maior que o queijo controle. Os queijos produzidos com goiabada e bananada apresentaram o teor de res?duo mineral fixo semelhante ao queijo controle. Entretanto, apresentaram menor pH, maior umidade, menor teor de massa seca, menor teor de gordura, menor teor de gordura corrigida para massa seca, menor teor de prote?na, maior teor de carboidrato total e menor energia metaboliz?vel quanto comparados ao controle. H? necessidade de melhorias da qualidade higi?nico-sanit?ria na obten??o do leite e na produ??o do queijo, a fim de reduzir contamina??es microbianas e melhorar a efici?ncia da matura??o. Quanto aos queijos produzidos com doces, h? potencial de se produzir queijos com goiabada e bananada tanto em ?mbito industrial quanto artesanal. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT This research was conducted with the objective of evaluating the raw milk and artisan cheese Minas Serro, Minas Gerais, newly manufactured and matured, and the production of cheese with candy. Samples were collected from five farms were randomly selected from a total of 32 certified by the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria. The milk and freshly made ??cheese were collected every two months for six months. To search for changes resulting from maturation, 25 cheeses with three days of manufacturing were collected in January (rainy summer) and 25 in July (dry winter). The cheeses were matured in a cold room (8 ?C/85 % Relative Humidity) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, and also conducted analyzes at the initial time. For raw milk proceeded to the determination of titratable acidity, density, levels of fat, protein, lactose, moisture, total dry matter, fixed mineral, quantification of total coliforms and fecal coliforms, total count of lactic acid bacteria, micro-mesophilic aerobic organisms, Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus coagulase positive. For newly manufactured cheese analyzes of pH, water activity, plus listed for milk, with the exception of density and lactose content and the inclusion of instrumental analyzes of firmness, stickiness and color (L* a* b* were performed, chroma and hue). The fat content of the cheese was corrected for dry matter. To search maturation analyzes mentioned for the newly manufactured cheese except water activity were made and, including counts of filamentous fungi and yeasts. For cheeses with sweet, control consisted of cheese produced without the sweet. Candy in cutoff were fractionated into cubes of 2 cm2 and added to the central region of the cheese during enformagem. Firmness is measured at the surface and in the central region of the cheeses, lightness (L*), redness-green (a*), yellow intensity (b*), chroma (C), hue (H ?), pH , moisture, dry matter, fat, fat corrected for dry matter, protein, total carbohydrate fraction, fixed mineral and metabolizable energy total. Analyses were conducted on newly manufactured cheese and times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. There was variation (P<0.05) in acidity, lactose, counts of fecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria in raw milk. Among these, it is the higher acidity and lower content of lactose in January, March, July, September and November, months that also showed high counts of fecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria. In cheeses was no change (P<0.05), over the months, for pH, acidity, fat corrected for dry weight, dry weight, firmness, adhesiveness, intensity of green (-a*), yellow intensity (b*), chroma (C), water activity, counts of thermotolerant coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. Regarding the study of maturation in the summer moisture cheeses decreased linearly with increasing aging time, whereas in winter, the moisture values ??decreased until 30 days of ripening followed by an increase after 45 days. Coliform counts and coagulase positive Staphylococcus remained high in the summer, which, however, decreased during maturation time. The population of fungi increased in that time increased maturation, with higher growth in the summer. It was observed that in summer the cheeses had firmer texture. In cheeses made with sweet, it was observed that the strength at the surface and in the center were higher throughout the storage period. The firmness on the surface was similar between the control cheese and cheese with guava and bananada. The firmness in the center, however, was lower in cheeses with sweet. The color parameters (L* a* b* C H?) of the control cheese, cheese with guava and cheese with bananada showed no significant variation throughout the storage period. The lightness (L*) of cheeses with guava and bananada was higher than the control. The cheese bananada presented with lightness (L*), yellow intensity (b*), hue (H?) and chroma (C) greater than the control cheese. Cheeses made with guava and bananada presented the fixed mineral content similar to the control cheese. However, had lower pH, higher humidity, lower dry matter content, lower fat, lower fat corrected to dry mass, lower protein, higher total carbohydrate and lower metabolizable energy as compared to the control. There is a need for improvement of the sanitary quality of the milk for obtaining and producing cheese, in order to reduce microbial contamination and improve the efficiency of maturation. As for cheeses made with sweet, there is potential to produce cheeses with guava and bananada both industrial as artisanal level.

Ma thèse porte sur l'étude des rôles régulateurs des GTPases Rho et de leurs effecteurs ROCK sur l'expression de ligands du système immunitaire, sur des cellules de mélanomes murins et humains ainsi que les conséquences sur le développement tumoral de modulateurs de la voie RhoA/ROCK. A l'heure actuelle, les traitements du mélanome métastatique ont une efficacité limitée, c'est pourquoi les nouvelles stratégies s'orientent vers l'immunothérapie notamment en recherchant de nouvelles molécules pharmacologiques capables d'amplifier les réponses immunes anti mélanome. Mon travail a porté sur l'étude de trois ligands de l'immunité modulés par la voie RhoA/ROCK : - Nous avons étudié la régulation du ligand MICA qui est exprimé sur des mélanomes humains, mais qui est reconnu par les cellules NK humaines et murines du système immun inné. En utilisant des statines, qui sont des inhibiteurs de l'activité des Rho, nous avons induit une surexpression membranaire de MICA sans toxicité cellulaire. Cette surexpression s'accompagne d'une sensibilisation des mélanomes à la lyse par les cellules NK. Elle induit également un ralentissement de leur croissance tumorale sous-cutanée en souris NMRI nu/nu et une diminution de l'implantation des métastases pulmonaires. Nous avons aussi montré que cette régulation de MICA induite par les statines ne dépendait pas de l'inhibition des GTPases Ras ou Rho mais de la voie de PPAR?. - Nous avons ensuite étudié la régulation de la molécule de costimulation CD70 par les GTPases Rho sur des mélanomes humains et son rôle dans ces tumeurs. Nous avons montré que les mélanomes primitifs expriment CD70, que cette expression diminue au cours de la maladie et que la GTPase RhoA et la voie des MAPK contrôlent positivement l'expression de CD70 sur nos lignées de mélanome humain. De façon surprenante, nous avons aussi montré que CD70 possède une fonction non immunologique dans ces tumeurs. En effet, la trimérisation de CD70 favorise l'invasion tumorale et l'apparition de métastases en activant la voie de signalisation BRAF/MEK/ERK/RhoE et en inhibant les fibres de stress d'actine et des points focaux d'adhésion. - Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux conséquences de la modulation de FasL sur le développement tumoral du mélanome murin B16F10. Des travaux précédents de l'équipe ont montré que la protéine RhoA et ses effecteurs ROCK régulent de façon négative l'expression de FasL à la membrane des cellules B16F10. Nous avons étudié le rôle in vivo de la surexpression de FasL induite par l'inhibition de ROCK par le H1152. Nous avons mis en évidence un ralentissement de la croissance tumorale in vivo chez les souris immunocompétentes. Ce contrôle du développement tumoral est dépendant de la voie Fas/FasL et de l'activité des lymphocytes TCD8+ et de l'IFN-?. De plus, l'inhibition de ROCK réduit le nombre de métastases pulmonaires sans intervention de la réponse immune adaptative. L'ensemble de mes travaux montre que le ciblage de la voie des GTPases Rho et de leurs effecteurs ROCK constitue une approche nouvelle pour amplifier les réponses immunes protectrices innées et adaptatives anti mélanome, suggérant que des inhibiteurs de cette voie pourraient être envisagés dans de nouveaux protocoles d'immunothérapie du mélanome / My thesis focuses on the study of the regulatory roles of Rho GTPases and their effectors ROCK on the expression of immune system ligands in murine and human melanoma cell lines and the impact on tumor development of modulators of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Current therapies for metastatic melanoma have poor efficiency. It is the reason why new immunotherapeutic strategies are developed for to find new pharmacological molecules that could improve anti-melanoma immune responses. My work is based on the study of three immune ligands: - We studied the regulation by Rho GTPases of MICA ligand expression in human melanoma cell lines and their recognition by NK cells. Using statins, inhibitors of Rho GTPases activity, we have induced MICA over-expression without any cell toxicity. This MICA over-expression enhanced melanoma cells sensitivity to NK cells lysis, then reduced subcutaneous tumor growth in NMRI nu/nu mice and also decreased pulmonary metastases implantation. We also showed that statins-induced MICA over-expression was not linked to Ras or Rho GTPases inhibition but to PPAR? pathway. - Then, we studied the expression and the function of a co-stimulatory molecule, CD70, and its regulation by the Rho pathway in human melanomas. We demonstrated that the RhoA GTPase and MAPK pathway positively regulate CD70 expression in our melanoma cell lines. Surprisingly, we observed a non-immunological function of CD70 in melanoma. Indeed, CD70 trimerization enhanced melanomas invasion and metastatic capacities through an activation of BRAF/MEK/ERK/RhoE pathway, which inhibited stress fibers and focal adhesions. - Finally, we analyzed the consequences of FasL over-expression on B16F10 murine melanoma development in vivo. Our previous studies have showed that RhoA/ROCK pathway negatively regulates membrane FasL expression on B16F10 cells. We studied in vivo the role of this FasL over-expression induced by ROCK inhibitor H1152, on melanoma cells. We showed tumor growth shrinkage in immunocompetent mice, when B16F10 cells were pretreated with H1152. The Fas/FasL pathway and the activity of TCD8+ cells and IFN- ? induced this tumor slowing down. Moreover, ROCK inhibition induced a reduction of pulmonary metastases implantation independently of T lymphocytes response. Altogether, my work showed that targeting Rho GTPases/ROCK pathway could be interesting in order to improve innate and adaptative anti melanoma immune responses, suggesting that inhibitors of this pathway could be envisaged in new melanoma immunotherapy protocols

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01320.pdf: 566434 bytes, checksum: c28aac36845caeb1381ff011edddc563 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - POLI/USP

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T21:55:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoAntonioGorrichateguiVasquez_DISSERT.pdf: 1855159 bytes, checksum: 51bfff3bef02d3a29365a91ca8f80a45 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-24T00:34:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoAntonioGorrichateguiVasquez_DISSERT.pdf: 1855159 bytes, checksum: 51bfff3bef02d3a29365a91ca8f80a45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-24T00:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoAntonioGorrichateguiVasquez_DISSERT.pdf: 1855159 bytes, checksum: 51bfff3bef02d3a29365a91ca8f80a45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-06 / A qualidade final das obras realizadas pela ind?stria da constru??o civil depende diretamente da qualidade dos materiais fornecidos e utilizados durante todas as fases de execu??o das mesmas. A participa??o do Governo Federal e diversos programas em n?vel estadual t?m estabelecido condi??es para estimular e exigir a eleva??o do n?vel de qualidade na cadeia produtiva da ind?stria da constru??o civil. Estes programas visam a conformidade dos produtos ?s normas t?cnicas. Dentro deste contexto, o programa de avalia??o da conformidade de produtos cer?micos do RN, est? avaliando o grau de conformidade ?s normas t?cnicas brasileiras dos blocos e telhas cer?micas produzidos no p?lo cer?mico do estado. Neste trabalho ? determinado o grau de conformidade e n?o-conformidade de blocos cer?micos de veda??o produzidos por algumas empresas em diferentes regi?es do RN, tais como: Ass?, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, Apodi, Parelhas, S?o Jos? do Mipibu e Maca?ba. Utilizando-se as normas t?cnicas como refer?ncia, se procuraram reproduzir em laborat?rio, os procedimentos experimentais para a realiza??o dos ensaios, tal como estipulado nelas. Foi poss?vel determinar que nenhuma das amostras das empresas avaliadas est? plenamente conforme com as normas t?cnicas vigentes, o que reflete a condi??o imperante no mercado. / The final quality of the works accomplished by the building construction industry depends directly on the quality of the materials supplied and used during all their phases of execution. The federal government participation and several state programs have established conditions to stimulate and require the increment of the quality level in the building construction industry?s product chain. These programs aim at the product conformity to the technical standards. Within this context, the evaluation program of the ceramic product conformity in Rio Grande do Norte state is assessing the conformity degree to Brazilian Technical Standards of ceramic bricks and tiles made in the ceramic production area in the state. In this work, is determine the degree of conformity of the sealing ceramic bricks made by some companies in different areas of the state, such as Ass?, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, Apodi, Parelhas, S?o Jos? do Mipibu e Maca?ba. Using the technical standards as a point of reference, we attempted to reproduce in the laboratory the experimental procedures to the analysis execution, according to the specifications. It was possible to determine that none of the evaluated samples are in strict conformity with the current technical standards, what reflects the real situation of the products available on the market.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoRicardoFM.pdf: 1861234 bytes, checksum: ae9e4077fa284bc720362b2c8edfde22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-30 / La disertaci?n, desarrollada en el Programa de PostGraduaci?n en Ense?anza de las Ciencias Naturales y de la Matem?tica de la UFRN, estudia las necesidades formativas de licenciandos en Qu?mica sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnolog?as de la informaci?n y de las comunicaciones (NTIC), en especial, las relacionadas con la utilizaci?n de programas computacionales para la ense?anza de la qu?mica. En la actual sociedad del conocimiento, se torna imperativo la eclosi?n de nuevas formas de aprender y de ense?ar, que requieren de nuevas concepciones del trabajo pedag?gico. En ese sentido, se exige de los profesores el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades y competencias. El presente trabajo est? comprometido con la b?squeda de elementos que puedan nortear los procesos formativos de profesores de qu?mica con el objetivo de contribuir con una mejor preparaci?n de la formaci?n inicial, tomando en cuenta sus necesidades de formaci?n. Fue utilizado el cuestionario como instrumento de investigaci?n para diagnosticar y caracterizar las necesidades fomativas, buscando establecer correlaciones entre diferentes variables que cacarterizan el estudio, con el fin de establecer semenazas y discrepancias entre las habilidades docentes en estudio y las necesidades formativas. Los analises de los datos tomo elementos de la estadistica descriptivo e inferencial, con analises multivariados, lo que posibilit? identificar las necesidades formativas. Los resultados muestran ue de forma general los licenciandos evaluan como de bajo, el grado de desarrollo de las habilidades para ense?ar usando las NTIC, as? como manifiestan sentir necesidades formativas en todas las habilidades referentes a esa esfera del trabajo docente / A disserta??o (desenvolvida no Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Ensino de Ci?ncias Naturais e Matem?tica da UFRN) traz ? tona a dimens?o das necessidades formativas dos licenciandos em Qu?mica em rela??o ao uso das Novas Tecnologias de Informa??o e Comunica??o - NTIC, em especial, ? utiliza??o de programas computacionais voltados ao ensino da qu?mica. Na atual sociedade do conhecimento, torna-se imperativo a eclos?o de novas formas de aprender e ensinar, que requerem, por sua vez, de novas concep??es do fazer pedag?gico. Nesse sentido, exige-se do professor o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e compet?ncias. O presente trabalho est? implicado com a possibilidade de orientar os processos formativos do professor de qu?mica no sentido de contribuir para uma melhor prepara??o dos professores durante a forma??o inicial, a partir do conhecimento de suas necessidades de forma??o. Foi utilizado um question?rio como instrumento para diagnosticar e apreender as necessidades formativas dos licenciandos, averiguando-as e correlacionando-as a fim de tra?ar semelhan?as ou discrep?ncias das habilidades inerentes ?s compet?ncias desejadas. Realizamos an?lises dos dados obtidos a partir desse instrumento, atrav?s da estat?stica descritiva univariada e multivariada, com intuito de identificar as necessidades formativas dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Determinamos assim, por meio de uma auto-avalia??o dos sujeitos, que al?m de apresentarem um baixo grau de desenvolvimento das habilidades para ensinar usando as NTIC, eles (aproximadamente 90%) acreditam que existem necessidades formativas a serem supridas, no decorrer da forma??o inicial, por meio da aquisi??o de diversas habilidades exigidas para a utiliza??o de recursos inform?ticos no ensino

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLDSL_DISSERT.pdf: 2145296 bytes, checksum: 162dbe781ae132f667c4b3958b160e05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A queilite act?nica (QA) ? uma les?o inflamat?ria cr?nica potencialmente maligna que em algumas situa??es pode se transformar em carcinoma de c?lulas escamosas (CCE) de l?bio inferior. Os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos neste processo ainda n?o s?o completamente esclarecidos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a imunoexpress?o das galectinas -1, -3, -7 e -9 e relacionar este aspecto com as caracter?sticas cl?nicas (sexo, idade e aspecto cl?nico) e grada??o histol?gica pelo sistema bin?rio (baixo ou alto risco de transforma??o maligna). A imunomarca??o de cada caso foi avaliada de forma semiquantitativa, na qual foram atribu?dos os escores: 0 (0% de c?lulas positivas), escore 1 (1 a 30% de c?lulas positivas), escore 2 (31 a 60% de c?lulas positivas) e escore 3 (mais de 60% das c?lulas positivas). A imunoexpress?o tamb?m foi analisada quanto ? localiza??o nos compartimentos celulares e nos estratos epiteliais. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada atrav?s dos testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher com n?vel de signific?ncia estabelecido em 5%. Dos 65 casos de QA, 76,9% era do sexo masculino, 80% tinha idade superior a 40 anos, 70,8% era da ra?a branca e 61,5% foram histologicamente gradadas como QAs de baixo risco. A express?o imunoistoqu?mica das galectinas foi vari?vel na amostra e de forma geral n?o exibiu rela??o com os par?metros cl?nicos. A express?o da galectina-1 foi observada em 98,5% dos casos, principalmente no citoplasma celular em todas as camadas epiteliais e foi elevada em 60% dos casos (escore 3), independente da grada??o histol?gica (p>0,05). Diferente da galectina-3, cuja express?o foi observada em todos os casos, sendo maior nas QAs de alto risco que no grupo de baixo risco (p<0,05), com predomin?ncia de marca??o no citoplasma e n?cleo celular nas QAs de baixo risco (67,5%) e de marca??o apenas no citoplasma nos casos de alto risco (60%) (p<0,05). A galectina-7 foi positiva em todos os casos, majoritariamente na regi?o suprabasal do epit?lio (95,4%), por?m sem diferen?as significativas no escores de express?o entre os grupos histol?gicos (p>0,05). Com rela??o ? galectina-9, 89,2% dos casos foram positivos, com redu??o na mediana dos escores de express?o com o aumento do grau histol?gico (p<0,001), sendo essa express?o predominante no n?cleo e citoplasma. Com base nestes resultados, sugere-se que as galectinas analisadas nesta pesquisa podem estar envolvidas no desenvolvimento e progress?o das queilites act?nicas

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-17T18:51:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HelsonRicardoDaCruzFalcao_TESE.pdf: 4151566 bytes, checksum: d1da3c2cb8885e99219ae23d6bb3ffda (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-17T21:08:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HelsonRicardoDaCruzFalcao_TESE.pdf: 4151566 bytes, checksum: d1da3c2cb8885e99219ae23d6bb3ffda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T21:08:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelsonRicardoDaCruzFalcao_TESE.pdf: 4151566 bytes, checksum: d1da3c2cb8885e99219ae23d6bb3ffda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A maior parte da energia consumida no mundo deriva dos combust?veis f?sseis, como carv?o e petr?leo, tornando-a limitada. A energia ? a base fundamental das atividades humanas. Sejam elas, dom?sticas, comerciais, industriais, produ??o de alimentos ou agricultura. E, de acordo com a ?tica ambiental faz-se necess?rio reduzir o consumo por combust?veis f?sseis e aumentar o uso por combust?veis alternativos. Logo, o biodiesel surge como substituto promissor dos combust?veis f?sseis, sendo um biocombust?vel derivado de oleaginosas ou gorduras animais composto por ?steres alqu?licos que podem substituir total ou parcialmente o diesel em motores ciclodiesel. Todavia, quando derivado de oleaginosas ? suscept?vel a degrada??o oxidativa atrav?s de rea??es mediadas por calor e tra?os de metais, principalmente na presen?a de oxig?nio. Hoje, a maior parte de todo biodiesel produzido no Brasil, deriva da soja, que possui em m?dia 55% ?cido linoleico (18:2) e 7,5% de ?cido linol?nico (18:3) em sua composi??o, degradando o biocombust?vel. Este trabalho ? um estudo dos antioxidantes derivados do l?quido da castanha de caju - LCC t?cnico, com intuito de utiliz?-los diretamente como antioxidantes no biodiesel, a fim de melhorar sua estabilidade frente ? oxida??o. Realizou-se a extra??o dos componentes do LCC t?cnico e sintetizou-se os antioxidantes por via eletroqu?mica, que posteriormente foram caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas FT_IR, RMN 1H, CG_MS, eletroqu?micas e termogravim?tricas. Os resultados mostraram que s?o antioxidantes de baixo custo de produ??o, sol?veis em biodiesel e possuem alta estabilidade t?rmica, em torno de 220 ?C, assim como alta estabilidade termo-oxidativa, realizada no Rancimat, com potenciais de indu??o superior a 7h, tornando-os promissores e op??es efetivas de serem utilizados como aditivos em biocombust?veis. Atrav?s das t?cnicas eletroqu?micas verificou-se que o material apresenta uma adsor??o irrevers?vel sobre o eletrodo de platina utilizado. Al?m de um pico an?dico na primeira varredura e ainda uma oxida??o irrevers?vel com um potencial caracter?stico da atividade antioxidante aproximadamente entre +0,6 e +1,0V. / Most of the energy consumed in the world is derived from fossil fuels such as coal and oil, making it limited. Energy is the fundamental basis of human activities. Be they domestic, commercial, industrial, food production or agriculture. And, according to the environmental view point it is necessary to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and increased use of alternative fuels. Soon, biodiesel appears as promising substitute for fossil fuels, being a biofuel derived from oil or animal fats composed of alkyl esters that can replace all or part diesel engines in ciclodiesel. However, when oil derivative is susceptible to oxidative degradation by heat mediated reactions, and traces of metals, especially in the presence of oxygen. Today, most of all biodiesel is derived from soybean in Brazil, which has on average 55% linoleic acid (18:2) and 7.5% linolenic acid (18:3) in its composition, degrading the biofuel. This work is a study of antioxidants derived from cashew nut liquid - technical CNSL, aiming to use them directly as antioxidants in biodiesel in order to improve their stability to oxidation. We carried out the extraction of the components of technical CNSL and electrochemical synthesis of the antioxidant pathway, which were later confirmed using techniques FT-IR, NMR 1H, GC-MS, electrochemical and TG. The results show that antioxidants are low production costs, biodiesel-soluble, have high thermal stability at around 220?C as well as high thermo-oxidative stability, the Rancimat performed with higher potential induction 7h, making promising and effective options to be used as additives for biofuels. Through the electrochemical techniques, it was found that the material exhibits an irreversible adsorption on the platinum electrode used. In addition to an anodic peak in the first scan and even an irreversible oxidation with a characteristic potential of antioxidant activity in about +0,6V and +1,0V.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01320.pdf: 566434 bytes, checksum: c28aac36845caeb1381ff011edddc563 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - POLI/USP

The experiments to be described here were undertaken for the purpose of determining, if possible, by NMR techniques whether or not the hydroxyl protons in mica are bound in a regular crystalline array, and, if so, whether or not the hydroxyl protons occur in reasonably isolated pairs as in waters of hydration.

Non-fungible tokens (NFT’s) have been developed due technological innovations of the past decade. NFT’s are digital entities that are accessible through distributed ledger technology. The market for NFT’s has expanded significantly in recent years, which has left the legislation behind. The EU is currently working on Markets in Crypto-assets regulation (MiCAR) which intends to be the first EU-level regulation of its kind and will thus regulate crypto-assets.  This thesis aims to investigate the legal status of NFT’s within EU law. The current definition of an NFT is of a purely technical nature and lacks a legal definition at an EU level. The interest in qualifying an NFT is based on the importance of investigating which legal sources are applicable when trading these assets. The definition of NFT’s and whether they are defined as a transferable security affects which legal acts, both existing and new, cover its legal regulation.  All central banks within the EU, including the European Central Bank (ECB), have chosen not to define crypto-assets as a financial asset and no further development in terms of the qualification has been initiated. This essay considers with the classification of an NFT by systematically interpreting Article 4.1.44 of the MiFID II-directive whilst determining whether NFT’s constitute a transferable security.  The conclusion will establish whether NFT’s are covered by MiFID II, as well as other legal acts on the securities market which deal with consumer- and investor protection and market integrity. On the contrary, if it is concluded that NFT’s are not defined as a transferable security, an investigation is instead further required to decide whether NFT’s should be regulated under MiCAR, or they are to remain unregulated.  The objective is to investigate the legal challenges NFT trading can give rise to attributed to its technical structure and to investigate whether the EU’s package for the digitalizing of the financial sector, specifically MiCAR, intends to solve these.