Orientador: Maria Helena de Moura Neves / Banca: Sebastião Carlos Leite Gonçalves / Banca: Marize Mattos Dall'Aglio-Hattnher / Resumo: Com base em um paradigma funcionalista da linguagem, o objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a relação existente entre condicionalidade e modalização epistêmica, a ser obtida em análise de corpora disponíveis de língua falada e língua escrita contemporânea do Português do Brasil. Partiu-se da análise da condicional se (eu) não me engano para verificar se, e de que modo, essa condicional atua como modalizador epistêmico, assentada a hipótese de que ela leva a proposição a que se liga para o campo do possível. O exame desse papel de validação que aqui se propõe passou pela avaliação da diferença entre se (eu) não me engano e as condicionais prototípicas. A primeira verificação que se fez é que se (eu) não me engano não apresenta um comportamento prototípico de condicionalidade uma vez que não se relaciona com a apódose em tal linha direta de condicionalidade, embora se institua no nível da proposição. Para este trabalho foram pertinentes incursões relacionadas aos seguintes campos de investigação lingüística: relação entre condicionalidade, modalidade, evidencialidade e (inter)subjetividade; possibilidade e relevância da inserção de se (eu) não me engano em algum ponto do processo de gramaticalização; pertinência da mobilidade sintática para a definição de sua natureza modal; caracterização do tipo de âmbito de incidência da modalização. A partir dessas incursões foi feita uma descrição, com base em dados quantitativos e qualitativos, do comportamento sintático, semântico e pragmático de se (eu) não me engano. A principal observação que se fez é que essa condicional pode ser avaliada como um modalizador epistêmico, uma vez que atua sobre um âmbito de incidência, relativizando o seu valor de verdade / Abstract: Based on a functionalist paradigm of the language, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the existing relationship between epistemic modality and conditionality, obtained by analyzing the available corpora in spoken and written contemporary Brazilian Portuguese language. The staring point was the analysis of the conditional form se (eu) não me engano (if I'm not mistaken) to verify whether and how this conditional acts as an epistemic modalizer, assuring the hypothesis that this conditional takes the proposition to which it is connected to the field of possibility. The examination of this validation role that is proposed here went through the evaluation of the difference between the se (eu) não me engano conditional and the prototypical conditionals. The first verification that was made is that the se (eu) não me engano does not present a prototypical behavior of conditionality, since it does not relate to the apodosis in a direct line of conditionality, although it institutes itself on the level of proposition. Some incursions related to the following fields of linguistic investigation were relevant on this work: relationship between conditionality, modality, evidentiality and e (inter)subjectivity; possibility and relevance of the insertion of the se (eu) não me engano in some point of the grammaticalization process; relevance of syntactic mobility on the definition of its modal nature; characterization of the type of context of the modalization. A description of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic behavior of the se (eu) não me engano was rendered from these incursions, based on quantitative and qualitative data. The major observation made is that this conditional can be valued as an epistemic modalizer, since it acts upon a scope of incidence, relativizing its value of verity / Mestre

O presente trabalho objetiva discorrer acerca do potencial semântico-expressivo do predicativo, bem como de seu perfil modalizador. Enxergamos essa função sintática como um elemento modalizante em essência, já que, em muitos casos, o falante consegue demonstrar sua opinião por meio de seu uso, agregado a escolhas lexicais convenientes. Em muitas partes da dissertação, a semântica e a estilística conseguem explicar melhor o fenômeno modal do predicativo. A sintaxe não dá conta disso sozinha. Falamos ainda da topicalização do predicativo como um recurso modalizador, bem como da noção de balizamento.Usamos também como exemplos um corpus exemplificativo heterogêneo para mostrar que o predicativo, topicalizado ou não, funciona como recurso modalizador, semântico e expressivo / This paper aims to discuss about the expressive semantic-predicative potential, and his modalizator profile. We see this syntactic function as a modalizating element "in essence, because, in many cases, the speaker can show his/her opinion using it, connected with lexical convenient choices. In many parts of the dissertation, semantics and stylistics can better explain the phenomenon of predicative modal form. Syntax does not make it herself. We still talk about predicative topicalization as a modalizator resource and also talk about the concept of "marking". We also use heterogeneous corpus examples to show that predicative, topicalizated or not, works as a modalizator, semantic and expressive resource

nÃo hà / The oil and gas sector in Brazil is quite heated, mainly by investment in the production of the layer of pre-salt and the construction of new refineries. This case study of quantitative nature, aimed to assess how the change in the form of freight charges for purchases of materials made by an oil refinery in the state of Ceara will enable the increasement of workloads consolidation and the reduction of the time limits for delivery of these materials, as well as to propose a procurement system that offers a solution to the problem.The data collection was carried out through two instruments: a survey of data for the purchase of materials made for the refinery during the year of 2013 and a semistructured questionnaire, sent to the main suppliers.To analyze the quantitative results of the study, it was used the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0.It was proposed as a system of purchases the carrying out of the acquisitions in the modality FCA, in which materials would be collected by a contracted carrier for the refinery tank supplier.The results show that the change in the modality of freight, from DDP to FCA, may cause a reduction in delivery time up to five days, although it does not make a large increasement in consolidation of workloads.The study was also able to verify that this change may cause a reduction close to 1% in the cost of transport for loads of a value around R$ 1,000.00, in addition to other secondary gains, such as reducing the amount of carriers that would access the refinery, with a consequent reduction of the administrative effort to receive and care for carriers. / O setor de petrÃleo e gÃs no Brasil està bastante aquecido, principalmente pelos investimentos na produÃÃo da camada de prÃ-sal e as construÃÃes de novas refinarias. Este estudo de caso, de natureza quantitativa, teve como objetivo avaliar como a alteraÃÃo da modalidade de frete das aquisiÃÃes de materiais realizadas por uma refinaria de petrÃleo do estado do Cearà viabilizarà o aumento da consolidaÃÃo de cargas e a reduÃÃo dos prazos de entrega desses materiais, bem como propor um sistema de compras que ofereÃa soluÃÃo ao problema. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante dois instrumentos: levantamento dos dados das aquisiÃÃes de materiais realizadas para a refinaria durante o ano de 2013 e questionÃrio semiestruturado, enviado para os principais fornecedores. Para analisar os resultados quantitativos do estudo, fez-se uso do Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versÃo 19.0. Foi proposta como sistema de compras a realizaÃÃo das aquisiÃÃes na modalidade FCA, na qual os materiais seriam coletados por transportadora contratada pela refinaria no depÃsito do fornecedor. Os resultados demonstram que a alteraÃÃo na modalidade de frete, de DDP para FCA, poderà provocar reduÃÃo nos prazos de entrega de atà 5 dias, apesar de nÃo viabilizar grande aumento da consolidaÃÃo de cargas. O estudo tambÃm foi capaz de verificar que essa alteraÃÃo poderà provocar reduÃÃo prÃxima a 1% no custo de transporte para cargas de valor em torno de R$ 1.000,00, alÃm de outros ganhos secundÃrios, como a reduÃÃo da quantidade de transportadores que acessariam a refinaria, com consequente reduÃÃo do esforÃo administrativo para recepÃÃo e atendimento aos transportadores.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / This research has tried to investigate the relashionship between linguistic expressions of deontic modality and the construction of speeches which reveal values of the Victorian age. The study was developed under the functionalist linguistic theory once it allows us to go through both linguistic expressions and meaning in a specific context in order to analyze the effects in meaning expressed by means of deontic modality. In this sense, the investigation was based on Palmer (1986), Dik (1997), Verstraete (2004), Neves (2006), among other authors who helped us understand the linguistic modality, specially the deontic type, and the features related to its occurrence. We have analyzed 299 deontically modalized pieces of enunciation from both male and female characters from the play Lady Windermereâs fan, by Oscar Wilde, concerning all the acts of the play. Deontic modality is related to the possibility or necessity of acts executed by morally responsible agents and was analyzed under the manifestation of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects as a whole. The data we analyzed have shown us that the âAuxiliary verbsâ category corespond to the linguistic means of expression of modality more frequently used and was registred in 51% of the cases. Within this category we have considered both modal auxiliaries and the âhave to + infinitiveâ expression. The âAuxiliary verbsâ category was followed by âVerbal Modesâ (26,4) and âMain verbsâ (16%) categories. As for deontic values, obligation corresponded to 58% of the cases, that is, 174 occurrences. Among these, 139 were internal obligation, not corresponding to our expectations. One can also observe the high frequency of the type of deontic source âEnunciatorâ (234 cases). We believed the frequency of the source âInstitutionâ would be the highest. About the inclusion of the deontic source in the deontic target, we have registred the non-inclusion in 68% of the cases. This last aspect caused an effect of distance between deontic source and target in the play and helped establishing boundaries between boss and employee, or reinforcing the social class division, which is a characteristic of the Victorian period. Contrary to what we believed, female characters were responsible for 65,6% pieces of enunciation (196 cases), which means they produced more deontic values than male characters. Among these cases, 120 occurrences corresponded to an obligation, 31 occurrences corresponded to a permission, and 21 cases were a prohibition. In this sense, we have concluded that the deontic modals in the pieces of enunciation from the characters from the play Lady Windermereâs fan do not serve to express exclusively victorian values. / O presente trabalho buscou investigar a relaÃÃo entre as expressÃes linguÃsticas da modalidade deÃntica e a construÃÃo de discursos que revelam valores da era vitoriana. Nossa pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob a Ãtica funcionalista, visto que, para analisarmos os efeitos de sentidos expressos por meio daquela modalidade, faz-se necessÃrio transitar entre forma linguÃstica e sentido em um determinado contexto especÃfico. Assim, a investigaÃÃo foi desenvolvida com base em Palmer (1986), Dik (1997), Verstraete (2004), Neves (2006), dentre outros autores que nos auxiliaram na compreensÃo da modalidade linguÃstica, em especial a deÃntica, e dos aspectos relacionados à sua ocorrÃncia. Analisamos 299 enunciados modalizados deonticamente, de personagens dos gÃneros masculino e feminino, presentes em todos os atos da peÃa Lady Windermereâs fan, de Oscar Wilde. A modalidade deÃntica diz respeito à possibilidade ou necessidade de atos executados por agentes moralmente responsÃveis e foi analisada, em cada um desses enunciados, sob o ponto de vista sintÃtico, semÃntico e pragmÃtico, integradamente. A partir de anÃlise dos dados obtidos, constatamos que os meios linguÃsticos de expressÃo da modalidade de maior produtividade foram aqueles agrupados na categoria âVerbos auxiliaresâ, categoria na qual inserimos os auxiliares modais e a expressÃo âhave to + infitiniveâ (ter que/de + infinitivo), que corresponderam à 51% das ocorrÃncias analisadas, seguidos do modo verbal (26,4% dos casos) e do verbo pleno (16%). Jà o valor deÃntico mais instaurado foi o de obrigaÃÃo, correspondendo a 58% de todas as ocorrÃncias, ou seja, 174 ocorrÃncias, dentre as quais, 139 foram do tipo interna, contrariamente ao que esperÃvamos. O tipo de fonte deÃntica mais recorrente foi âEnunciadorâ, com 234 ocorrÃncias. AcreditÃvamos que a fonte âInstituiÃÃoâ seria a de maior frequÃncia. Quanto à inclusÃo da fonte no alvo deÃntico, observamos que, em 68% dos casos, o valor deÃntico nÃo recaiu sobre a fonte, causando um efeito de distanciamento entre fonte e alvo deÃntico que estabeleceram limites entre patrÃo e empregado, por exemplo, ou reforÃaram a divisÃo social de classes, caracterÃstica do perÃodo vitoriano. Contrariamente ao que acreditÃvamos, as personagens do gÃnero feminino instauraram um maior nÃmero de valores deÃnticos, sendo responsÃveis por 65,6% dos enunciados analisados (196 casos), dentre os quais, em 120 ocorrÃncias, uma obrigaÃÃo foi instaurada; em 31, o valor de permissÃo foi registrado; e, em 21, uma proibiÃÃo foi instaurada. Desse modo, concluÃmos que os os modalizadores deÃnticos presentes nos enunciados dos personagens da peÃa Lady Windermereâs fan nÃo se prestam, exclusivamente, à expressÃo de valores vitorianos.

No description available.

This dissertation examines the interplay of Situation Aspect and Viewpoint Aspect in two classes of constructions in Polish: i) anticausatives with and without Dative subjects, ex. (Jankowi) złamały się okulary John broke the glasses involuntarily / The glasses broke; and ii) Factual Imperfectives, ex. Jadłam obiad I have eaten my dinner. With the first type of construction, the concern is why the unintentional causer reading is obtainable only in telic contexts and how two classes of Polish anticausatives – one with prefixed verbs and one with unprefixed verbs – differ structurally. The question that arises with analyses of Factual Imperfective constructions (FIs) is about the untypical role of imperfective aspect: how is it possible that the imperfective morphemes that the Slavic literature (almost) unanimously pairs with English Progressives do not neutralize telicity as the Progressive does? The dissertation finds evidence supporting the view that Slavic lexical prefixes are telicity markers and secondary predicates (cf. Svenonius 2004, Žaucer 2009). It argues that imperfectives that lack any aspectual morpheme and have the accusative case assigned to a direct object, nonetheless possess a non-overt aspectual operator located in the domain of Viewpoint Aspect. The dissertation enriches the recent discussions concerned with the puzzle of how to account for various readings of the imperfective (Cipria & Roberts 2000, Hacquard 2006, Deo 2009) by providing a semantic analysis of an interpretation not attested in languages like French, Italian and Spanish on which the discussions have focused so far. I argue that the Russian and Polish patterns dubbed as Existential Factual Imperfectives (cf. Grønn 2003) carry a silent Epistemic Modal that selects the imperfective due to its right semantic type: <s,t> in contrast to the <t> type of the perfective. From a cross-linguistic perspective, this study is relevant for syntactic and semantic theories of aspect in natural language especially for the theory of imperfectivity. From a language specific perspective, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the particular aspect-related conditions that play a role in licensing oblique (Dative) causers in Polish.

The purpose of the present thesis was two-fold. First, to evaluate the impact of cognitive demand on postural control in young adults and second, to examine the responsiveness of postural control to cognitive tasks presented in varying modalities. Seventeen young adults stood on a force platform while simultaneously performing cognitive tasks of varying difficulty (easy, moderate and difficult), each presented auditorily and visually. Performing the moderate and difficult tasks precipitated a greater reduction in area of 95% confidence ellipse and medio-lateral (ML) sway variability compared to the easy tasks. Presenting the tasks visually produced lower ML sway variability than presenting the tasks auditorily. Of secondary interest of this thesis was to determine if the duration of inter-stimulus intervals could modify the effectiveness of a cognitive task on postural control. Participants stood on a force platform while simultaneously performing cognitive tasks with five-second inter-stimulus intervals (i.e. discrete) and two-second inter-stimulus intervals (i.e. continuous), each presented auditorily and visually. Results revealed higher anterior-posterior (AP) mean power frequency (MPF) when performing the continuous tasks. In addition, presented the tasks visually resulted in a greater reduction in area of 95% confidence ellipse, AP and ML sway variability.

abstract: The current study assessed whether the interrater reliability and predictive validity of fidelity ratings differed significantly across the modalities of audio and video recordings. As empirically supported programs are moving to scale, attention to fidelity, the extent to which a program is delivered as intended, is essential because high fidelity is needed for positive program effects. Consequently, an important issue for prevention science is the development of feasible and acceptable methods for assessing fidelity. Currently, fidelity monitoring is rarely practiced, as the typical way of measuring fidelity, which uses video of sessions, is expensive, time-consuming, and intrusive. Audio recording has multiple advantages over video recording: 1) it is less intrusive; 2) equipment is less expensive; 3) recording procedures are simpler; 4) files are smaller so it takes less time to upload data and storage is less expensive; 5) recordings contain less identifying information; and 6) both clients and providers may be more willing to have sensitive interactions recorded with audio only. For these reasons, the use of audio recording may facilitate the monitoring of fidelity and increase the acceptability of both the intervention and implementation models, which may serve to broaden the scope of the families reached and improve the quality of the services provided. The current study compared the reliability and validity of fidelity ratings across audio and video rating modalities using 77 feedback sessions drawn from a larger randomized controlled trial of the Family Check-Up (FCU). Coders rated fidelity and caregiver in-session engagement at the age 2 feedback session. The composite fidelity and caregiver engagement scores were tested using path analysis to examine whether they predicted parenting behavior at age 3. Twenty percent of the sessions were double coded to assess interrater reliability. The interrater reliability and predictive validity of fidelity scores and caregiver engagement did not significantly differ across rating modality. However, caution must be used in interpreting these results because the interrater reliabilities in both conditions were low. Possible explanations for the low reliability, limitations of the current study, and directions for future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2019

There is a limited amount of research that has evaluated all three types of modalities and consequences during stimulus preference assessments (SPA) or examined problem behavior during preference assessments with individuals with tangible maintained problem behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extend this line of research in two ways: (a) compare results of SPAs across three modalities and two consequence, (b) evaluate problem behavior during these SPAs with individuals with problem behavior maintained by access to tangible items. The results indicated that for all participants, there was preference stability across modalities and conditions. For all participants, problem behavior occurred during the no access condition or removal regardless of modality.

L’objectif de ces travaux de recherche est d’étudier les méthodes d’évaluation de laqualité des images biométriques multimodales sur des échantillons acquis de manièrenon contrainte. De nombreuses s études ont noté l’importance de la qualité del’échantillon pour un système de reconnaissance ou un algorithme de comparaison,puisque la performance du système biométrique est intrinsèquement dépendant dela qualité des images de l’échantillon. Dès lors, la nécessité d’évaluer la qualitédes échantillons biométriques pour plusieurs modalités (empreintes digitales, iris,visage, etc.) est devenue primordiale notamment avec l’apparition de systèmesbiométriques multimodaux de haute précision.Après une introduction présentant un historique de la biométrie et des préceptesliés à la qualité des échantillons biométriques, nous présentons le concept d’évaluationde la qualité des échantillons pour plusieurs modalités. Les normes de qualitéISO / CEI récemment établies pour les empreintes digitales, l’iris et le visage sontprésentées. De plus, des approches d’évaluation de la qualité des échantillons conçuesspécifiquement pour les empreintes digitales avec et sans contact, pour l’iris(dont une image est capturée en proche infrarouge et dans le domaine visible),ainsi que le visage sont étudiées. Finalement, des techniques d’évaluation des performancesdes mesures de qualité des échantillons biométriques sont égalementétudiées.Sur la base des conclusions formulées suite à l’étude des solutions algorithmiques portant sur l’évaluation de la qualité des échantillons biométriques, nous proposonsun cadre commun pour l’évaluation de la qualité d’image biométrique pourplusieurs modalité. Après avoir étudié les attributs de qualité basés sur l’image parmodalité biométrique, nous examinons quelle intersection existe pour l’ensembledes modalités. Ensuite, nous sélectionnons et redéfinissons les attributs de qualitébasés sur l’image qui sont les plus importants afin de définir un cadre commun.Afin de relier ces attributs de qualité aux vrais échantillons biométriques,nous développons une nouvelle base de données de qualité d’image biométriquemulti-modalité qui contient des images échantillons de haute qualité et des imagesdégradées pour l’empreinte digitale acquise sans contact, l’iris (dont l’acquisitionest réalisée dans le spectre visible) et le visage. Les types de dégradation appliquéssont liés aux attributs de qualité qui sont communs aux diverses modalitéset qui sont basés sur l’image. Un autre aspect important du cadre commun proposéest la qualité de l’image et ses applications en biométrie. Nous avons d’abordintroduit et classifié les métriques de qualité d’image existantes, puis effectué unbref aperçu des métriques de qualité d’image sans référence, qui peuvent être appliquéespour l’évaluation de la qualité des échantillons biométriques. De plus, nousétudions comment les mesures de qualité d’image sans référence ont été utiliséespour l’évaluation de la qualité des empreintes digitales, de l’iris et des modalitésbiométriques du visage.Des expériences pour l’évaluation de la performance des métriques de qualitéd’image sans référence sur les images de visage et de l’iris sont effectuées. Lesrésultats expérimentaux indiquent qu’il existe plusieurs métriques qui peuventévaluer la qualité des échantillons biométriques de l’iris et du visage avec un fortcoefficient de correlation. La méthode obtenant les meilleurs résultats en termede performance est ré-entrainée sur des images d’empreintes digitales, ce qui permetd’augmenter significativement les performances du système de reconnaissancebiométrique.À travers le travail réalisé dans cette thèse, nous avons démontré l’applicabilitédes métriques de qualité d’image sans référence pour l’évaluation d’échantillonsbiométriques multi-modalité non contraints. / The aim of this research is to investigate multi-modality biometric image qualityassessment methods for unconstrained samples. Studies of biometrics noted thesignificance of sample quality for a recognition system or a comparison algorithmbecause the performance of the biometric system depends mainly on the qualityof the sample images. The need to assess the quality of multi-modality biometricsamples is increased with the requirement of a high accuracy multi-modalitybiometric systems.Following an introduction and background in biometrics and biometric samplequality, we introduce the concept of biometric sample quality assessment for multiplemodalities. Recently established ISO/IEC quality standards for fingerprint,iris, and face are presented. In addition, sample quality assessment approacheswhich are designed specific for contact-based and contactless fingerprint, nearinfrared-based iris and visible wavelength iris, as well as face are surveyed. Followingthe survey, approaches for the performance evaluation of biometric samplequality assessment methods are also investigated.Based on the knowledge gathered from the biometric sample quality assessmentchallenges, we propose a common framework for the assessment of multi-modalitybiometric image quality. We review the previous classification of image-basedquality attributes for a single biometric modality and investigate what are the commonimage-based attributes for multi-modality. Then we select and re-define themost important image-based quality attributes for the common framework. In order to link these quality attributes to the real biometric samples, we develop anew multi-modality biometric image quality database which has both high qualitysample images and degraded images for contactless fingerprint, visible wavelengthiris, and face modalities. The degradation types are based on the selected commonimage-based quality attributes. Another important aspect in the proposed commonframework is the image quality metrics and their applications in biometrics. Wefirst introduce and classify the existing image quality metrics and then conducteda brief survey of no-reference image quality metrics, which can be applied to biometricsample quality assessment. Plus, we investigate how no-reference imagequality metrics have been used for the quality assessment for fingerprint, iris, andface biometric modalities.The experiments for the performance evaluation of no-reference image qualitymetrics for visible wavelength face and iris modalities are conducted. The experimentalresults indicate that there are several no-reference image quality metricsthat can assess the quality of both iris and face biometric samples. Lastly, we optimizethe best metric by re-training it. The re-trained image quality metric canprovide better recognition performance than the original. Through the work carriedout in this thesis we have shown the applicability of no-reference image qualitymetrics for the assessment of unconstrained multi-modality biometric samples.