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O objetivo dessa dissertação é a análise do conceito heka nos textos funerários do Egito Faraônico. Heka é a palavra em egípcio antigo para o que significamos como magia, essa mesma palavra pode aparecer dentro da literatura funerária representando a divindade da magia. Será realizada uma análise dos textos compostos por fórmulas mágicas e narrativas míticas utilizados em contextos funerários egípcios. O objetivo da análise é identificar o significado da palavra egípcia no contexto das fontes, compreendendo a extensão semântica do conceito de heka através do seu relacionamento com os mitos cosmogônicos. Deste modo, reconhecendo-a enquanto conceito que assimila atributos personificados dentro das narrativas. Esse estudo pretende, portanto, alcançar interpretações significativas sobre essas fontes e contribuir com a compreensão dos elementos simbólicos e cognoscíveis das narrativas míticas e dos textos funerários do Antigo Egito. / The objective of this dissertation is the analysis of the heka concept in the funerary texts of Pharaonic Egypt. Heka is the ancient Egyptian word for what we mean as magic, this same word may appear within funerary literature representing the divinity of magic. An analysis of the texts composed by magical formulas and mythical narratives used in Egyptian funerary contexts will be done. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the meaning of the Egyptian word in the context of the sources, understanding the semantic extension of the heka concept through its relationship with the cosmogonic myths. In this way, recognizing the term as a concept that assimilates personified attributes within the narratives. This study therefore intends to reach meaningful interpretations of these sources and contribute to the understanding of the symbolic and knowable elements of the mythical narratives and funerary texts of Ancient Egypt.

Blazars are among the most luminous sources in the universe. Their extreme short-time variability indicates emission processes powered by a supermassive black hole. With the current generation of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes, these sources are explored at very high energies. Lowering the threshold below 100 GeV and improving the sensitivity of the telescopes, more and more blazars are discovered in this energy regime. For the MAGIC telescope, a low energy analysis has been developed allowing to reach energies of 50 GeV for the first time. The method is presented in this thesis at the example of PG 1553+113 measuring a spectrum between 50 GeV and 900 GeV. In the energy regime observed by MAGIC, strong attenuation of the gamma-rays is expected from pair production due to interactions of gamma-rays with low-energy photons from the extragalactic background light. For PG 1553+113, this provides the possibility to constrain the redshift of the source, which is still unknown. Well studied from radio to x-ray energies, PG 1553+113 was discovered in 2005 in the very high energy regime. In total, it was observed with the MAGIC telescope for 80~hours between April 2005 and April 2007. From more than three years of data taking, the MAGIC telescope provides huge amounts of data and a large number of files from various sources. To handle this data volume and to provide monitoring of the data quality, an automatic procedure is essential. Therefore, a concept for automatic data processing and management has been developed. Thanks to its flexibility, the concept is easily applicable to future projects. The implementation of an automatic analysis is running stable since three years in the data center in Würzburg and provides consistent results of all MAGIC data, i.e. equal processing ensures comparability. In addition, this database controlled system allows for easy tests of new analysis methods and re-processing of all data with a new software version at the push of a button. At any stage, not only the availability of the data and its processing status is known, but also a large set of quality parameters and results can be queried from the database, facilitating quality checks, data selection and continuous monitoring of the telescope performance. By using the automatic analysis, the whole data sample can be analyzed in a reasonable amount of time, and the analyzers can concentrate on interpreting the results instead. For PG 1553+113, the tools and results of the automatic analysis were used. Compared to the previously published results, the software includes improvements as absolute pointing correction, absolute light calibration and improved quality and background-suppression cuts. In addition, newly developed analysis methods taking into account timing information were used. Based on the automatically produced results, the presented analysis was enhanced using a special low energy analysis. Part of the data were affected by absorption due to the Saharan Air Layer, i.e. sanddust in the atmosphere. Therefore, a new method has been developed, correcting for the effect of this meteorological phenomenon. Applying the method, the affected data could be corrected for apparent flux variations and effects of absorption on the spectrum, allowing to use the result for further studies. This is especially interesting, as these data were taken during a multi-wavelength campaign. For the whole data sample of 54 hours after quality checks, a signal from the position of PG 1553+113 was found with a significance of 15 standard deviations. Fitting a power law to the combined spectrum between 75 GeV and 900 GeV, yields a spectral slope of 4.1 +/- 0.2. Due to the low energy analysis, the spectrum could be extended to below 50 GeV. Fitting down to 48 GeV, the flux remains the same, but the slope changes to 3.7 +/- 0.1. The determined daily light curve shows that the integral flux above 150 GeV is consistent with a constant flux. Also for the spectral shape no significant variability was found in three years of observations. In July 2006, a multi-wavelength campaign was performed. Simultaneous data from the x-ray satellite Suzaku, the optical telescope KVA and the two Cherenkov experiments MAGIC and H.E.S.S. are available. Suzaku measured for the first time a spectrum up to 30 keV. The source was found to be at an intermediate flux level compared to previous x-ray measurements, and no short time variability was found in the continuous data sample of 41.1 ksec. Also in the gamma regime, no variability was found during the campaign. Assuming a maximum slope of 1.5 for the intrinsic spectrum, an upper limit of z < 0.74 was determined by deabsorbing the measured spectrum for the attenuation of photons by the extragalactic background light. For further studies, a redshift of z = 0.3 was assumed. Collecting various data from radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray and gama-ray energies, a spectral energy distribution was determined, including the simultaneous data of the multi-wavelength campaign. Fitting the simultaneous data with different synchrotron-self-compton models shows that the observed spectral shape can be explained with synchrotron-self-compton processes. The best result was obtained with a model assuming a log-parabolic electron distribution. / Blazare gehören zu den leuchtstärksten Quellen im Universum. Ihre extreme Kurzzeitvariabilität deutet auf Strahlungsprozesse hin, die von einem supermassereichem schwarzen Loch mit Energie versorgt werden. Mit der aktuellen Generation von abbildenden Luft-Cherenkov Teleskopen werden diese Quellen bei sehr hohen Energien erforscht. Durch das Absenken der Schwellenenergie auf unter 100 GeV und aufgrund verbesserter Sensitivitäten werden immer mehr Blazare in diesem Energiebereich entdeckt. Für das MAGIC Teleskop wurde eine Analysemethode entwickelt, die es erlaubt zum ersten mal zu niedrigen Energien im Bereich von 50 GeV vorzudringen. Mit dieser Methode wurde am Beispiel von PG 1553+113 ein Spektrum zwischen 50 GeV und 900 GeV bestimmt. Im dem von MAGIC beobachteten Energiebereich wird eine starke Abschwächung des Gammalichts aufgrund von Paarproduktion in Wechselwirkungen mit niederenergetischen Photonen des extragalaktischen Hintergrundlichts erwartet. Für PG 1553+113 ergibt sich daraus eine Möglichkeit um die noch unbekannte Entfernung der Quelle einzuschränken. Während die Quelle PG 1553+113 im Radio- bis Röntgenbereich gut untersucht ist, wurde sie im Hochenergiebereich erst 2005 entdeckt. Zwischen April 2005 und April 2007 wurde sie mit dem MAGIC Teleskop insgesamt 80 Stunden lang beobachtet. Aus mehr als drei Jahren Datennahme liefert das MAGIC Telekop riesige Mengen an Daten und eine große Anzahl von Dateien. Um dieses Datenvolumen zu bewältigen und für die Überwachung der Datenqualität ist eine automatische Verarbeitung unverzichtbar. Darum wurde ein Konzept zur automatischen Datenverwaltung und -verarbeitung entwickelt. Aufgrund seiner Flexibilität kann dieses Konzept auch leicht auf zukünftige Projekte übertragen werden. Die Umsetzung für MAGIC läuft seit drei Jahren stabil im Datenzentrum in Würzburg und liefert konsistente Ergebnisse von allen Daten, d.h. die identische Verarbeitung sorgt für Vergleichbarkeit. Ausserdem ermöglicht das datenbankbasierte Konzept einfache Tests neuer Analysemethoden und die Neuanalyse aller Daten mit einer neuen Software auf Knopfdruck. Man kann nicht nur jederzeit die Verfügbarkeit und den Verarbeitungsstatus aller Daten aus der Datenbank abfragen, sondern auch Qualitätsparameter und Ergebnisse, was die Qualitätskontrolle und Auswahl von Daten sowie die Überwachung des Teleskopstatus erleichtert. Durch die Verwendung der automatischen Analyse kann die riesige Menge an Daten in einem vernünftigen Zeitrahmen analysiert werden und man kann sich stattdessen auf die Interpretation der Ergebnisse konzentrieren. Für PG 1553+113 wurden die Werkzeuge und Resultate der automatischen Analyse verwendet. Verglichen mit den zuvor veröffentlichten Ergebnissen wurde eine Software Version verwendet, die verschiedene Verbesserungen enthält, wie zum Beispiel eine absolute Pointing-Korrektur, eine absolute Lichtkalibration und verbesserte Schnitte zur Qualitätssicherung und Untergrundunterdrückung. Ausserdem wurde eine neu entwickelte Analysemethode, welche die Zeitinformation mit einzbezieht, benutzt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der automatischen Analyse wurde das Ergebnis mit einer speziell für niedrige Energien optimierten Analyse verbessert. Ein Teil der Daten wurde beinträchtigt durch Absorption aufgrund Sandstaub in der Atmosphäre, der sogenannten Calima. Eine neue Methode wurde entwickelt, um den Effekt dieses meteorologischen Phänomens zu korrigieren. Auf diese Weise konnten scheinbare Flussänderungen und Einflüsse auf das Spetrum ausgeglichen werden, wodurch die Daten für weiterführende Studien verwendet werden können. Dies ist hier von besonderer Bedeutung, da die betroffenen Daten simultan mit Daten aus anderen Wellenlängenbereichen genommen wurden. Für den kompletten Datensatz wurde ein Signal aus der Richtung von PG 1553+113 mit einer Signifikanz von 15 Standardabweichungen gemessen. Fittet man ein Potenzgesetz an das kombinierte Spektrum, so erhält man einen Spektralindex von 4.1 +/- 0.2. Mit Hilfe der Niederenergieanalyse konnte das Spektrum bis unter 50 GeV erweitert werden. Fittet man es bis 48 GeV, so bleibt die Flussnormierung gleich, aber der Index ändert sich auf 3.7 +/- 0.1. Die berechnete Lichtkurve auf Tagesbasis zeigt, dass der integrale Fluss oberhalb von 150 GeV mit konstanten Fluss konsistent ist. Auch für die Form des Spektrums wurde in den drei Jahren, in denen beobachtet wurde, keine Variabilität gefunden. Im Juli 2006 wurden simultane Beobachtungen des Röntgensatelliten Suzaku, des optischen Teleskops KVA und der Cherenkovexperimente MAGIC und H.E.S.S. koordiniert. Mit Suzaku wurde zum ersten Mal ein Röngtenspektrum bis 30 keV vermessen. Die Quelle befand sich, verglichen mit früheren Röngtenmessungen, in einem mittleren Flusszustand, und während der kontinuierlichen Datennahme von 41.1 ksec wurde keine Variabilität gemessen. Auch im Gammabereich wurden keinen Veränderungen während der Beobachtungen festgestellt. Nimmt man für das intrinsische Spektrum der Quelle einen maximalen Index von 1.5 an, so lässt sich für die Rotverschiebung eine obere Grenze von z < 0.74 bestimmen, indem man das gemessene Spektrum mit verschiedenen angenommenen Rotverschiebungen auf die Abschwächung durch das extragalaktische Hintergrundlicht korrigiert. Für weitere Studien wird eine Rotverschiebung von z = 0.3 angenommen. Aus einer Sammlung von Daten aus dem Radio-, Infrarot-, optischen, Ultraviolett-, Röntgen- und Gammabereich wurde eine spektrale Energieverteilung bestimmt, die auch die simultanen Daten aus der Multiwellenlängenkampagne enthält. Fittet man die simultanen Daten mit einem Synchrotron-Selbst-Compton Modell, so sieht man, dass die spektrale Form mit Synchrotron-Selbst-Compton Prozessen erklärt werden kann. Das beste Ergebnis konnte mit einem Modell erzielt werden, das eine Elektronenverteilung annimmt, die in doppelt logarithmischer Darstellung eine Parabelform hat.

En 1967, dans la revue Diogène, Roger Caillois écrivit un article sur le prestige et les problèmes du rêve. Il écrivit que, par le passé, dans un monde qui lui accordait un crédit démesuré, il y avait une correspondance entre le rêve et le sentiment quotidien que tout, même les choses les plus intimes, peut être éprouvé en commun. Mais l’intuition que plusieurs rêves se vérifient ou se contrôlent mutuellement était une manière de civiliser le rêve. Inversement, aujourd’hui, dans un monde où il n’est plus une source de pouvoir politique, où il ne constitue plus un témoignage authentique, considéré comme un phénomène étanche, rétif à tout partage, dont le rêveur seul peut se souvenir, le rêve porte cette nostalgie communautaire. La même année, Roger Bastide réfléchit à ce que serait une sociologie du rêve, une étude du rêve comme phénomène social. Il pensait que la sociologie ne s’intéressait qu’à l’homme éveillé, comme si l’homme endormi était un homme mort. Il se demandait si la sociologie pouvait ignorer cet homme couché et rêvant. Cette thèse se propose de penser le quotidien à partir de l’intuition de Roger Caillois, qui cherche moins à penser l’homme couché et rêvant que l’homme debout, dans son quotidien, son travail, sa famille, son rapport aux objets de tous les jours, empreinte à ce tiers de sa vie où il dort. Il ne s’agit cependant pas de faire l’interprétation de rêves, ou d’en tirer les contenus latents. Leur contenu n’est pas le terrain de cette thèse. Chaque fois, la visée est de savoir comment le rêve est-il vécu en tant que mythe, c’est-à-dire dans quelle mesure l’attention que le rêveur a prêtée à la structure étrange du rêve, ou à son contenu, a influencé sa relation à la communauté ; comment le phénomène du rêve est-il utilisé comme clef de lecture pour donner du sens à la quotidienneté de l’homme au sein de la société. En un mot : comment le rêve se déverse et contamine le réel. La magie et la métaphore seraient deux expressions de la manière dont le rêve se répand dans la vie quotidienne. La magie, comme lecture sociale des phénomènes dans lesquels la cause est sans relation apparente à la conséquence, cependant que les phénomènes étudiés ont une efficace propre : cette relation sans cause et qui pourtant rassemble deux termes distincts du paysage est l’un des fondements essentiels de la pensée symbolique. La métaphore, enfin, qui est l’expression littéraire et linguistique où deux symboles que rien de connecte cohabitent néanmoins harmonieusement, une stratégie de discours par laquelle le langage se dépouille de sa fonction de description directe pour accéder au niveau mythique. Cela est une proposition : alimenter une sociologie de l’homme éveillé, comme voulait l’appeler Bastide, qui ne rechigne pas à voir que « les états crépusculaires » et « la moitié obscure et sombre de l’homme prolongent le social », une sociologie qui ne peine pas à accepter que nombre des moteurs qui président aux comportement des sociétés humaines trouvent leur source dans les mêmes logiques saltatoires, ou acausales, en toutes les manières dénuées du lignage et des filiations déterministes, que l’on retrouve dans le rêve, dans la magie et dans la métaphore. Une sociologie qui s’autorise à penser que le lien social visible, quotidien, structurant des civilisations, puisse être atteint par une transformation profonde de la manière dont nous envisageons le lien en général. Une sociologie qui se propose de questionner l’inconséquence de l’invisible. / In 1967, in the review Diogène, Roger Caillois wrote an article on the prestige and the problems of dreams. He wrote that, in the past, in a world where dreams had excessive credit, there was a connection between the act of dreaming and the everyday feeling that all things, even intimate ones, could be experienced collectively. Yet, quite ironically, the intuition that dreams could cross-verify, or control one another, acted as a way to civilise them. Conversely, nowadays, in a world where they are no longer source of political power, where they can’t be taken as authentic testimonies, where they are considered impervious phenomena, reticent to be shared, dreams carry a sort of community nostalgia. On the same year, Roger Bastide gave a thought about what a sociology of dreams would be. A study of dreams as social phenomena. He thought that sociology had only interest for the awaken Man, as if the Man asleep were a dead man. He wondered how sociology could ignore this lying, dreaming man. The present thesis offers a framework to think the everyday life through this intuition of Roger Caillois. Consider Men in society not as occasional lying, dreaming bodies. But look at the structures of work, family, and the realm of objects throughout the ways this third of our life we spend sleeping affect them. The interpretation of dreams is not the subject of this thesis, nor is the “latent contents” they might hold. Our purpose is to find out how dreams are experienced and lived as myths. That is to wonder: to which extend the attention given by the dreamer to the weird structure of his dreams, or to its content, have positively influenced his relationship to the community. How does the phenomenon of dreaming can be used as a key to read and make sense out of the everyday life of Men in society. In a word: how dreams overflow and contaminate reality. Magic and the metaphors could be two expressions of this contamination. Magic as a social interpretation of phenomena in which causes remain in seemingly decorrelation with their consequences, whereas the studied phenomena have an effectiveness of their own. This relationship without determinism which yet connect two distinct terms is an essential core of symbolical thinking. The metaphor, finally, the literary and linguistic expression where two symbols that nothing links, nevertheless cohabit harmoniously. A strategy of discourse through which language strips of of its descriptive function, to reach a mythical aspect. This would be the thesis: contribute to a sociology of the awaken Man, as Bastide wanted to call it. A human science which wouldn’t turn its back to the fact that “twilight states of mind” and “an obscure, sombre, half of Man extends the social life”. A sociology that wouldn’t disregard the many drivers of humain societies relying on saltatory logics, indirect causality, and all the human ways escaping determinism, all of which could be found in dreams magic and the metaphor. A sociology which would consider that the invisible, everyday link that structures civilisations, could benefit from an inquiry on the very way we think of the social link in general. A sociology which would question the inconsequence of what is not visible.

Abstract The period of South Africa’s political transition in the late 1980s and 1990s also saw a number of interesting developments in the field of cultural production, especially within the province of literature. A number of literary scholars, critics of all realms, writers, some enthusiasts and adventurers all showed interest in the direction of literature after the repressive years of apartheid. The dominant academic question at the time centred on the possible transition in the thematic and formalistic dimension of the literature of the new South Africa. Scholars and cultural commentators that include Es’kia Mphahlele, Njabulo Ndebele, Albie Sachs, Guy Butler, Elleke Boehmer, Michael Chapman, Mbulelo Mzamane, Andries Walter Oliphant, amongst others, all contributed immensely in the debates that attempted to define the possible direction of the literature after apartheid. This research is concerned with the developments in the Post-Apartheid South African Novels of English expression. Its focus is on how temporal mobility has impacted on cultural production especially as witnessed in the many transformations in the field of literature, particularly the novel as a genre. Using the tropes of memory, violence, and otherness, it examines the novels of writers as varying as André Brink, J.M. Coetzee, Zakes Mda, Zoë Wicomb, and Jo-Anne Richards. At the level of form, the fantastical and the confessional modes of narration are discussed as significant manifestations of the post-apartheid narratives using the novels of André Brink and Jo-Anne Richards respectively. It suggests that, among other things, the post-apartheid novels of English expression are marked by some interesting thematic blocs that include the fascination with land, the artistic display of remorse through the confessional mode, the rekindling of memory and its representation in narrative, the peculiar interest in violence and alterity, the continuing reportage of the urban space and the implications of urbanity on the ordinary citizenry, the recourse to gangsterism, miscegenation and the dilemma of a humankind confined to the psychological spaces of the interstices. Efforts were made in this research to avoid the ‘intellectual apartheid’ often associated with the hermeneutic engagements of the literati previously devoted to South Africa’s literary scholarship. It is for this reason that a more elaborate introductory chapter highlights aspects of the contributions of novelists and scholars that include Nadine Gordimer, Mongane Wally Serote, Lewis Nkosi, Njabulo Ndebele, and the ‘emergent’ ones such as Phaswane Mpe, K. Sello Duiker, Pamela Jooste, among others. An important dimension to this study is that it situates the Post-Apartheid narratives not only within relevant historical contexts, but also develops its argument by drawing immensely from the intellectual culture dominant in South Africa before, during, and after the notorious era of racial separatism. It concludes on the suggestive note that South African writers and literary scholars should attempt to demonstrate a more rigorous interest in locating the creative points of convergence between the aesthetic and social ideals.

Abstract: Anthropological accounts of the state are often voiced from the perspective of the public, demonstrating the potential for danger or illegibility in encounters with the state. Less has been said, however, about how functionaries of the state perceive their interactions with the public. This perspectival bias needs to be overcome through ethnographies of the state, which can help scholars to look critically at our understanding of the state in everyday practice. This article examines one such “illegible” state bureaucracy, the Immigration Services Branch of the South African Department of Home Affairs, documenting some of the factors which inform the actions of street-level bureaucrats. It illustrates how officials develop systems of meaning to help them navigate the challenges posed by a mysterious populace and an unpredictable management hierarchy, and to effectively stabilize these two unstable entities. These systems of meaning also enable officials to act in ways which might run counter to official discourse, while simultaneously upholding its legitimacy. Their efforts at stabilization therefore incite a destabilization of the state, leading it to appear as “magical” or “illegible” to the public.

L’illusionnisme, ou prestidigitation, est magie simulée, mise en scène du surnaturel. Cette thèse dresse un panorama de cette discipline à la Renaissance selon deux généalogies. La première est technique et pratique. Elle se fonde sur la littérature antique des secrets et la magie naturelle, transmises jusqu’aux savants, ingénieurs, artisans, saltimbanques et philosophes naturels renaissants. Elle implique une esthétique spécifique du choc, de la merveille ou de l’attraction. Sa subtilité technique fascine. Basée sur l’ingenium, elle suppose un « double public » de profanes et d’initiés. Elle ouvre à une science spectaculaire, une technique ludique, se révèle un puissant outil pédagogique et un excellent remède à la mélancolie. La seconde généalogie concerne sa réception sociale. La théologie, la démonologie, la littérature et les beaux-arts se sont confrontés au bateleur et en ont fait un marqueur d’illusion. Figure symbolique utilisée par les prédicateurs ou les polémistes, il prend place au cœur des débats sur la nature des actions diaboliques, la puissance du signe ou la transsubstantiation. Faisant du diable le suprême bateleur, la démonologie condamne généralement en retour le « prestigiateur » et ses illusions. A la croisée de ces deux généalogies, Reginald Scot, protestant, démonologue et premier pédagogue de la prestidigitation, en fait l’instrument de la critique sceptique la plus radicale, dédiabolisant les phénomènes surnaturels. Finalement, l’illusionnisme, véritable objet de savoir transverse à tous les champs, permet de jeter un autre regard sur la technique à la Renaissance. / Illusionism, conjuring art or legerdemain, is simulated magic, staging the supernatural. This thesis provides a global picture of this discipline during the Renaissance period, following two genealogies. The first is technical and practical. It is based on the ancient books of secrets and natural magic, transmitted to scholars, engineers, craftsmen, mountebanks and natural philosophers of the Renaissance periode. It involves a specific aesthetic of shock, wonder or attraction. Its technical subtlety fascinates. Based on ingenium, it assumes a "dual public" of laymen and initiates. It opens to spectacular science and playful technique. It is a powerful teaching tool and an excellent remedy for melancholy. The second genealogy deals with its social reception. Theology, demonology, literature, and the fine arts faced the juggler and made it an illusion sign. This symbol is used by preachers or polemists and takes place at the heart of debates on the nature of devil actions, the power of the sign, or transubstantiation reality. Making the devil the supreme juggler, demonology generally condemns in return the praestigiator and his illusions. Merging these two genealogies, Reginald Scot, Protestant, demonologist and first pedagogue of legerdemain, makes it the instrument of the most radical skeptical criticism, de-demonizing supernatural phenomena. Finally, illusionism is a true object of knowledge, transverse to all the fields, giving a new insight on the Renaissance period technique.

Usamos o formalismo de A. Toledo Pisa e E. Passos, que usa o método de coordenadas geradores e o Teorema Espectral de Anélise Funcional, para obter uma hamiltoniana coletiva para as vibrações monopolares isoescalares nos núcleos duplamente mágicos ANPOT. 4 He, ANPOT. 16 O e ANPOT 40 C. As funções de onda do oscilador hermônico são tomadas como funções de onda geradoras, e a interação de muitos corpos é aquela de Skyrme. Com esta hamiltoniana coletiva calculamos o espectro de energias do modo monopolar isoescalar, parâmetros de inércia e módulos de incompressibilidade para aqueles núcleos e comparamos com os resultados de Flocard e Vautherin, que resolvem numericamente a equação de Griffin-Wheeler. Foram calculados ainda os raios quadráticos médios nucleares. Os efeitos espúrios dos movimentos do centro de massa são eliminados exatamente para o AMPOT. 4 He e recalculamos aquelas propriedades nucleares. / The isoscalar monopole vibrational mode in 4 He,16 O and 40Ca is studied with the aid of collective Hamiltonians obtained from e general formalism proposed by A. Toledo Piza and E. Passos, which makes use of the generator coordinate method and Functional Analisis Spectral Theorem. Cur generator wave functions are that of the harmonic oscillator and use is made of the Skyrme\'s schematic effective interaction. Using the collective Hamiltonian we can calculate the energy spectrum, inertial parameters end incompressibility modulus and compare with numerical results of Flocard and Vautherin. R. m. s. radii are also calculated. Center of mass spurious effects are exactly eliminated and the forementioned nuclear properties are calculated again for 4 He.

A proposta deste trabalho é analisar os elementos sobrenaturais e mágicos presentes nas narrativas do núcleo fundador das Mil e uma noites e nas histórias inseridas ao livro, no século XVIII, pelo primeiro tradutor dessa obra, o francês Antoine Galland. Ao ter em mãos o manuscrito que, atualmente, é considerado o melhor e o mais antigo das Mil e uma noites, o orientalista francês não somente traduziu o núcleo mais antigo do livro, mas também inseriu novas histórias, algumas das quais, até o momento, não possuem um manuscrito árabe e, por isso, são chamados contos órfãos. Observa-se que tanto nas histórias do núcleo fundador como nas que foram inseridas por Galland os seres sobrenaturais e mágicos apresentam diferentes funções, veiculando valores e concepções socioculturais diferentes. Por isso, propõe-se neste trabalho a identificação, a descrição e a análise da função desses elementos sobrenaturais e mágicos nas narrativas em questão, observando tanto sua importância para o desenvolvimento da intriga como a construção de sentido que tais elementos promovem nos dois ciclos narrativos, elaborados em contextos socioculturais distintos. Com base nas narrativas em que os elementos sobrenaturais e mágicos desempenham um papel preponderante no enredo, delimitou-se para este trabalho um corpus de 23 histórias, o que permitiu observar amplamente as modificações das funções desses elementos nos diferentes textos, bem como os diferentes sentidos que eles constroem nas histórias dos dois ciclos narrativos. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the supernatural and magical elements available in the constitutive narratives of the founding nucleus of the Thousand and One Nights and the tales added to the book in the 18th century by its first translator, Antoine Galland. Since he acquired the manuscript, which is considered currently to be the oldest and the best one, the French orientalist not only translated the oldest collection of tales of the book, but also added new tales whose manuscripts were not found so far, for this reason, they were called \"orphan tales\". Comparing the tales belonging to the oldest collection of the book and the ones written by Galland, we conclude that the supernatural and magical beings play various roles transmitting different moral values and sócio-cultural conceptions. For this reason, we aim to identify, describe and analyze the roles of these elements in the narratives, taking into consideration their importance while generating the intrigue and the way they create meanings along the two narrative cycles built in various sócio-cultural contexts. After selecting the narratives in which the supernatural and magical elements play more influential roles in the storyline, we chose 23 tales as a corpus allowing us to observe clearly the role changes of the elements in each text.

A pesquisa se propõe a analisar a técnica de animação pixillation como linguagem específica, traçando relações deste tipo de animação com estudos ligados à imagem e ao movimento. Para isto, proponho atribuir ligações do pixillation com os trickfilms do early cinema, no âmbito da perspectiva mágica dos truques da técnica; estabelecer paralelos entre a prática fotográfica e a prática cinematográfica, utilizando-me de ambas as linguagens para avaliar questões do pixillation sob aspectos que dialogam com o conceito de magia e sua relação com as imagens técnicas; e, com base nos trabalhos em pixillation de Norman McLaren e Jan Svankmajer, entender a técnica como proposta poética e estética de linguagem audiovisual. Assim, através dos aspectos técnicos do pixillation, destacarei as potencialidades mágicas desse tipo de animação. / The research aims to analyze the technique of pixillation animation as specific language, tracing relationships of this type of animation with studies of image and movement. For this, I propose: assign connections of pixillation with the trickfilms of the early cinema, within the perspective of magic tricks of this technique; draw parallels between the photographic practice and the film practice, using both languages to evaluate the pixillation issues in ways that dialogue with the concept of magic and its relationship with technique images; and based on the work in pixilation of Norman McLaren and Jan Svankmajer, understand the technique as a poetic and aesthetics proposal of audiovisual language. Thus, through the technical aspects of pixillation, I will highlight the magical potential of this type of animation.