Background: It has been shown that EDI can yield positive effects within companies. Which effects are possible for a company to direct assign to the introduction of EDI and is it possible to estimate the total effect. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the effects of using EDI in electronic business. We also want to contribute with a model for measure and estimate the effects of EDI. Accomplishment: We have studied literature concering EDI and realized a preliminary studie in form of interviews with experts to establish deeper knowledge of EDI. We have also tried to estimate the effects obtained in companies in three different businesses, power, government and transport industry. Result: To obtain as good effects as possible it is important that the co- oporation is built on trust and engagement. Before implementing the EDI-system a thorough overhaul of the processes in the company should be done, involving both the top managers and the staff. Internet can be used to achieve minimal cost and it is important to limit the information sent by EDI to only send the information demanded. Finally companies also should mediate the advantages of EDI inside the organisation to make the co-operators realize the good effects obtained by EDI.

Almost everyday we can read about or listen to the radio the creation of a new company, which is of course successfull and just started several months ago. One succeed but for how many other failures. In our everyday life we only know the companies which exist. We never consider all the high number of companies that have failed. In addition to that, by analyzing some cases, we can notice that some"good"companies, with good team, good concept can failed too. In order to understand the views that exist, one needs to elucidate this problem. The early stage of a new-created company is the most important phase of the firm´s life, according to the fact that it will determine the evolution of its whole structure, and therefore will deeply affect its future. All the more so a firm in order to be successful must be able to growth in the long run. With this thesis, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the key- success factors ofyoung companies. Therefore we will try to clarify issues concerning this early stage. In particular we will highlight and describe that the early development in a firm is a very important phase in its life. And to determine which factors must be take in consideration in order to avoid future difficulties.

Background: In the eighties the debate concerning the declining relevance of the traditional calculation started. The reason was that the method of calculating not had been changed despite that the costs and manufacturing had changed in many companies. This led to the development of activity-based costing. Management by means of activity information is called activity-based management, but there is no general accepted definition of what the term com- prises. Neither are there any studies which describe within which areas activity information is used as a base for decisions. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe in which situations activity information is used as a base for different decisions, and to define the term activity-based management. Method: The approach taken is qualitative. A total of 13 telephone interviews with four different companies, three producers and one wholesale firm, have been carried out. Results: Activity information is used as a base for decisions principally in situations that concerns changes in the operational work through management of processes, price and product changes and costumer profitability. Changes within these areas may concern increases in efficiency and effectiveness, and changes in price, assortment and focus on different costumers. In a long perspective these changes may lead to an increase in the profitability. From the studied empirical applications we formulated the following definition of the ABM- term: “The use of activity information as a support for decisions, which concerns securing the companies profitability and to make activities and processes visible and in that way make improvements possible.”

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to determine how stand-up comedians outside the U.S. have succeeded to adapt the art of stand-up comedy to their own regional contexts and to define the extent of the influence of American comedians on comedians from other countries, discussing the concept of Americanisation and globalised media. Two stand-up comedy presentations, one by American comedian Bill Hicks, Revelations; and one by Swedish comedian Magnus Betnér, Inget är heligt, were analysed using comparative content analysis in order to determine similarities and differences in the subjects addressed during the presentations along with similarities and differences in the style of performance. In-depth interviews were conducted as part of this research with professional comedians from Costa Rica: actor and stand-up comedian Hernán Jiménez, and members of the comedy group “La Media Docena” Édgar Murillo and Erik Hernández.

No description available.

Die deutsch-deutsche Konstellation der beiden Dichter-Übersetzer Erich Arendt und Hans Magnus Enzensberger ruft zwei komplementäre Kontexte der 1950er/1960er Jahre auf: einerseits die kulturpolitischen Zwänge in der DDR, andererseits die Internationalisierung und Politisierung der westdeutschen Literatur. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Kontexte ist die Praxis der Rezeption und Übersetzung von Dichtern wie Pablo Neruda und César Vallejo weitaus mehr als nur ein Akt der sprachlichen Anverwandlung. In konziser Auseinandersetzung mit sowohl klassischen als auch aktuelleren Theorien von sprachlicher sowie kultureller Übersetzung (W. Benjamin, L. Venuti, F. Ortiz, E. Apter) exploriert Claus Telge das Spektrum von domestizierender oder verfremdender Übersetzungspraxis, als Möglichkeiten, „das Eigene und das Fremde im Prozess der Übersetzung immer wieder neu in Beziehung“ (S. 26) zu setzen. Die Doppel-Identität von Arendt und Enzensberger als „Autor-Übersetzer“ im literarischen System wird sodann theoretisch perspektiviert als die praktische Infragestellung „der Vorstellung von der Autorschaft als originärem Ausdruck eines Menschen“ (S. 32). Die Spezifik der Autor-Übersetzung (wie bereits im Falle von Ezra Pound oder Paul Celan) wird verstanden als eine „intertextuelle Praktik“ (S. 48), die zwischen fremdem Ausgangstext und eigener Poetik/literarischer Schreibweise vermittelt. Ausführlich referiert Telge dabei das Konzept einer symptomatischen Lektüre (L. Althusser und L. Venuti), um so hervorzuheben, wie die Autor-Übersetzung sowohl die Ressourcen der Zielsprache mobilisiert als auch ihrerseits modifiziert wird (S. 57–60).

The purpose with this essay is to investigate how different theories about literary competence can help us understand why Sven Delblanc’s novel Änkan and Mara Lee’s novel Ladies have generated so many various interpretations as they have. To fulfill this purpose a comparative study of book reviews about the two novels Änkan and Ladies has been made. The theories about literary competence that have been used in this study are Joseph Appleyard’s theory about reader-roles, Judith Langer’s theory about imaginary worlds and Magnus Persson’s theory about genre perspectives. The results that are presented in this study are that those book reviews that express expectations about the novels as being genre-typical are often more disappointed about the reading experience than those readers who have expectations about the novels as being genre-transgressing and with deeper meaning. The discussion about genres has therefore given an interesting perspective about the correlation between the readers’ expectations and the many, various interpretations that follow.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um breve estudo sobre o processo de descoberta de conhecimento em banco de dados, com enfoque na etapa de mineração de dados através de regras de associação. Propostas por Agrawal em 1993, num estudo chamado análise de cesta de mercado, as regras de associação representam que com um certo grau de suporte e confiança um conjunto de itens pode estar presente numa transação visto que outro conjunto está presente. A necessidade de análise semelhante às realizadas por Agrawal surgiu em outros campos e estas foram estendidas a outras aplicações. Neste, são apresentadas as principais variações sobre o tema regras de associação encontradas na literatura. É proposta a mineração de dados através de regras de associação sobre filtros de mensagens e canais de informação do software de catálogo, agenda e correio eletrônico Direto. Para as pesquisas são utilizadas três ferramentas: Intelligent Miner, CBA e Magnus Opus. Elas foram aplicadas sobre uma lista de discussão da Linguagem Java, pois o projeto Direto ainda não possui mensagens públicas. As ferramentas possuem características distintas: o Intelligent Miner permite a definição de hierarquias sobre os dados que serão minerados; o Magnus Opus trabalha com diversos filtros e com a definição de intervalos para o tratamento de campos numéricos; o CBA permite que sejam especificados suportes múltiplos para os itens. / This work presents a brief review about knowledge discovery in database having association rules as the data mining process. Association rules were proposed by Agrawal in 1993 in a basket data analysis. Association rules have been extended to other applications because there is a necessity for similar Agrawal’s analysis in different domains. Here are presented some variations proposed in the literature about association rules along with the main algorithms. This work proposes the use of association rules over message filters and information channels from the Direto, which is a catalog, schedule and e-mail software. Three data mining tools were used: Intelligent Miner, CBA and Magnus Opus. They were applied over a Java discussion list because Direto project does not have public messages. Each tool has distinct features: Intelligent Miner allows to define a hierarchy over the data that will be mined; Magnus Opus works with many filters over the data and permits to define ranges over numeric fields and CBA allows to specify multiple minimum support over the items.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur Fem myror är fler än fyra elefanter inkräktade på den syn man hade på barn och barnprogram under 1970-talet. För att få en förståelse för debatten och kritiken som Fem myror är fler än fyra elefanter fick, undersökte vi även vilka värderingar och normer som var viktiga under denna period. Vi har även genomfört intervjuer med Magnus Härenstam, Brasse Brännström och Bengt Linné och analyserat fyra sketcher från programserien.</p>