Sous la Ve République, la seconde chambre a été conçue par le constituant comme un soutien prédisposé au Gouvernement et au régime nouvellement établi, eu égard à l’incertitude d’une majorité parlementaire à l’Assemblée nationale. La survenue imprévue de celle-ci aboutit à un rapprochement organique mais aussi fonctionnel de l’Assemblée nationale avec le Gouvernement. La discordance fréquente des majorités parlementaires place alors le Sénat et le bicamérisme dans une position institutionnelle délicate. Devenu un acquis du système politique, le fait majoritaire s’observe incontestablement, depuis l’alternance de 1981, au sein comme entre les deux chambres et influence leur organisation, leur fonctionnement et l’exercice de leurs prérogatives constitutionnelles. Les différentes configurations majoritaires témoignent en revanche d’une certaine spécificité du Sénat du point de vue du fait majoritaire et d’un exercice effectif et non orienté de la fonction parlementaire vis-à-vis du Gouvernement. Le Sénat trouve sa justification dans sa différenciation avec l’autre assemblée et la distanciation qu’il entretient avec le Gouvernement révèle le caractère équilibré du bicamérisme de la Ve République. L’institutionnalisation d’une majorité et ses particularités dans chacune des deux chambres conduisent le droit constitutionnel et le droit parlementaire à ne pas exclure les phénomènes extra-normatifs afin d’appréhender les institutions politiques dans leur fonctionnement effectif. / At the time of the Fifth Republic, the second chamber was devised by the framers of the Constitution as a predisposed support to the Government and the newly-established regime, given the uncertainty of a parliamentary majority within the National Assembly. The unexpected arrival of such a majority led to a closer organic and functional relationship between the National Assembly and the Government. The frequent lack of harmony between parliamentary majorities then put the Senate and the bicameral system in a delicate institutional position. Having become an established right of the political system, majority rule has clearly been observed since the 1981 power changeover, both inside either chamber and between them. It also affects their organisation, the way they operate and exercise their constitutional prerogatives. However, the different majority configurations show a certain specificity of the Senate from the majority rule point of view and in the actual and non-oriented exercise of its parliamentary function in relation with the other chamber, and its distancingfrom the Government reveals the well-balanced nature of the Fifth Republic's bicameralism. As that majority became institutionalised, and because of its specificities in ether chamber, constitutional law and parliamentary law were led not to exclude non-normative occurences in order to gain an understanding of the way political institutions actually work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Agda Silva Honorato.pdf: 1479403 bytes, checksum: c1458d9c7294e45953a4aee221b5ec16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-12 / This present work, The meaning of the moment of the teenagers left the shelter institution when they are in age of majority: and now? , Andreia Agda Silva Honorato authorship, it presents a study from teenagers stories that leave their daily in a shelter at Santo André city, that is called, the School home São Francisco de Assis, composed by eleven home, where these teenagers are certain to leave the institution when they are 18 years old by the reason of the age of majority. Up to June, 2003, this shelter belonged to the Social Worker Department and, due the contradictory and bureaucratic factories, it was assumed by the Education Department (unique case in Brazil). They are young people that experience insecurities moments while results of contrary actions for an emancipator pedagogy. Based on the overall goal of knowing and identifying which the objectives and subjectives factories that contribute to the leaving more autonomous in the non shelter institutional act by the age of majority reason, seeking to break or soften with the aspects that permeate this moment and prevent that this process has been lived in safer way security understood here for beyond the economic factories. This way, the specifics objectives from this search were: To know the meanings attributed by the own subjects of the search teenagers that live the prior of non shelter like, it appropriates of the methodology applied daily in different historical moments of the shelter to comprehend, how much these refer to the lived results by these teenagers in the left moment. Between these specifics objectives and, from the two first, the existence premise is that to socialize the results of this search, could the shelter, rethink its methodology, to invest truly in article 92, subsection VIII that advocated the gradual preparation for the non shelter institutional, even as, that will be this study, considering as motivation to the operators of the public policy. It still firms, the intention to propose methodologies that come to contribute with the teenagers that will leave the shelter, considering the results from the studied bibliographies, but, mainly, the look of those people that live in this condition. This theme explain by the big demand of the teenagers that live, lived and will still live this condition, as well as, by production scarcity about the shelter left by age of majority reason, once that the studies search discuss the shelter process or the shelter daily. For both, it was realized two surveys. The first is about the historical institutional, by interviews with publics employees that act in different moments as manager or technical of the shelter; and, the second were collected testimony of the teenagers that left and are almost leaving the shelter institution by the age of majority reason. This is a study search qualitative no liable to generalization and presents like reflection document from meanings assigned by own subjects / O presente trabalho, O significado do momento da saída de adolescentes de instituição de acolhimento ao completarem a maioridade civil: e agora? , de autoria de Andreia Agda Silva Honorato, apresenta um estudo a partir das histórias de adolescentes que vivem sua cotidianidade num abrigo da cidade de Santo André, Lar Escola São Francisco de Assis, composto por onze casas lares. Os adolescentes, que lá vivem, ao atingirem 18 anos de idade, são determinados a deixar a instituição por motivo de maioridade civil. Até junho de 2003, esse abrigo pertencia à Secretaria de Assistência Social e, decorrentes a fatores contraditórios e burocráticos, foi assumido pela Secretaria de Educação (único caso no Brasil). Os Jovens vivenciam momentos de insegurança como resultado de ações contrárias a uma pedagogia emancipatória. Este trabalho parte do objetivo geral de conhecer e identificar quais os fatores objetivos e subjetivos que contribuem para uma saída mais autônoma no ato do desacolhimento institucional, por motivo de maioridade civil, buscando romper ou amenizar com os aspectos que permeiam esse momento e impedem que esse processo seja vivido de maneira mais segura segurança entendida aqui para além dos fatores econômicos. Dessa maneira, os objetivos específicos desta pesquisa foram: conhecer os significados atribuídos pelos próprios sujeitos da pesquisa adolescentes que vivem as prévias do desligamento bem como apropriar-se das metodologias aplicadas cotidianamente em diferentes momentos históricos do abrigo, a fim de compreender o quanto elas remetem aos resultados vividos por esses adolescentes no momento de sua saída. Entre esses objetivos específicos a premissa existente é a de que, ao socializar os resultados desta pesquisa, possa o abrigo repensar sua metodologia, investir verdadeiramente no artigo 92, inciso VIII, que preconiza a preparação gradativa para o desacolhimento institucional, e que seja este estudo considerado como motivação aos operadores das políticas públicas. Firma-se, ainda, a intenção de propor metodologias que venham a contribuir com adolescentes que sairão do abrigo, considerando os resultados a partir das bibliografias estudadas, mas, principalmente, do olhar daqueles que vivem essa condição. Este tema justifica-se pela grande demanda de adolescentes que vivem, que viveram e que, ainda, viverão essa condição, principalmente, pelos resultados existentes dos que passaram por essa situação, bem como, pela escassez de produção sobre a saída do abrigo por motivo de maioridade civil, uma vez que os estudos pesquisados discutem o processo de acolhimento ou o cotidiano no abrigo. Para tanto, foram realizados dois levantamentos. O primeiro sobre a história institucional, por meio de entrevistas com funcionários públicos que atuaram em diferentes momentos, como encarregados ou técnicos do abrigo; e o segundo, em que foram coletados depoimentos de adolescentes que saíram e que estão prestes a sair da instituição de acolhimento por motivo de sua maioridade civil. Esta é uma pesquisa de estudo qualitativo, não passível de generalizações, e apresenta-se como instrumento de reflexão a partir dos significados atribuídos pelos próprios sujeitos

Este trabalho apresenta a composição funcional (CF) como um novo paradigma para realização da síntese lógica de blocos combinacionais. CF usa uma abordagem ascendente para sintetizar funções Booleanas, sendo capaz de avaliar os custos das funções intermediárias e explorando dessa forma um grande número de combinações diferentes de funções candidatas. Há vantagens interessantes quando comparado à abordagem descendente da decomposição funcional. CF apresenta grande flexibilidade para criar algoritmos com resultados ótimos ou subótimos para diferentes aplicações. A estratégia proposta apresenta bons resultados para síntese de funções Booleanas visando diferentes tecnologias. CF é baseado nos seguintes princípios: (1) representação de funções lógicas como um par ligado com representações funcional e estrutural; (2) o algoritmo começa de um conjunto de funções iniciais; (3) funções mais simples são associadas para criar funções mais complexas; (4) existe uma ordem parcial que permite o uso da programação dinâmica; (5) um conjunto de funções permitidas pode ser mantido para reduzir o tempo de execução/consumo de memória. Este trabalho apresenta algoritmos de composição funcional para fatoração Booleana, incluindo fatoração ótima, fatoração considerando o operador OU-exclusivo, computação de cadeias mínimas de decisão e síntese de funções considerando somente portas lógicas majoritárias e inversores. / This work presents functional composition (FC) as a new paradigm for combinational logic synthesis. FC is a bottom-up approach to synthesize Boolean functions, being able to evaluate the cost of intermediate sub-functions, exploring a larger number of different candidate combinations. These are interesting advantages when compared to the top-down behavior of functional decomposition. FC presents great flexibility to implement algorithms with optimal or suboptimal results for different applications. The proposed strategy presents good results for the synthesis of Boolean functions targeting different technologies. FC is based on the following principles: (1) the representation of logic functions is done by a bonded pair of functional and structural representations; (2) the algorithm starts from a set of initial functions; (3) simpler functions are associated to create more complex ones; (4) there is a partial order, enabling dynamic programming; (5) a set of allowed functions can be used in order to reduce execution time/memory consumption. This work presents functional composition algorithms for Boolean factoring, including optimal factoring, Boolean factoring considering the exclusive-OR operator, minimum decision chain computation and synthesis of functions considering only majority and inverter logic gates.

Os avanços da indústria de semicondutores nas últimas décadas foram baseados fortemente na contínua redução de tamanho dos dispositivos CMOS fabricados. Os usos de dispositivos CMOS dependem profundamente da lógica de portas E/OU/INV. À medida que os dispositivos CMOS estão atingindo oslimites fisicos, pesquisadores aumento esforço para prolongar a vida útil da tecnologia CMOS. Também é necessário investigar dispositivos alternativos, que em muitos casos implicam no uso de operações lógicas básicas diferentes. Como as ferramentas comerciais de síntese não são capazes de manipular eficientemente estas tecnologias Esta tese de doutorado foca em produzir algoritmos eficientes para projeto de circuitos tanto em CMOS quanto em novas tecnologias, integrando estes algorithmos em fluxos de projeto. Para esta tarefa, aplicamos a técnica da composição functional, para sintetizar eficiente tanto em CMOS quanto em tecnologias emergentes. A composição funcional é uma abordagem de síntese de baixo para cima, provendo flexibilidade para implementar algoritmos com resultados ótimos ou sub-ótimos para diferentes tecnologias. A fim de investigar como a composição funcional se compara às abordagens de síntese estado-da-arte, propomos aplicar esse paradigma de síntese em seis cenários diferentes. Dois deles se concentram em circuitos baseados em CMOS e outros quatro em circuitos baseados em tecnologias emergentes. Em relação a circuitos baseados em CMOS, investigamos a composição funcional para fatoração de funções multi-saídas, aplicadas em um fluxo de resíntese. Também manipulamos funções aproximadas, a fim de sintetizar módulos de redundância tripla aproximada. No que diz respeito as tecnologias emergentes, exploramos a composição funcional através de diodos spintrônicos e outras abordagens promissoras com base em diferentes implementações de lógica: a lógica de limiar, lógica majoritária e lógica de implicação. Resultados apresentam uma melhoria considerável em relação aos métodos estadoda- arte tanto para aplicações CMOS quanto aplicações de tecnologias emergentes, demonstrando a capacidade de lidar com diferentes tecnologias e mostrando a possibilidade de melhorar tecnologias ainda não exploradas. / The advances in semiconductor industry over the last decades have been strongly based on continuous scaling down of dimensions in manufactured CMOS devices. The use of CMOS devices profoundly relies on AND/OR/Inverter logic. As the CMOS scaling is reaching its physical limits, researchers increase the effort to prolong the CMOS life. Also, it is necessary to investigate alternative devices, which in many cases implies the use of different basic logic operations. As the commercial synthesis tools are not able to handle these technologies efficiently, there is an opportunity to research alternative logic implementations better suited for these new devices. This thesis focuses on presenting efficient algorithms to design circuits in both CMOS and new technologies while integrating these algorithms into regular design flows. For this task, we apply the functional composition technique, to efficiently synthesize both CMOS and emerging technologies. The functional composition is a bottom-up synthesis approach, providing flexibility to implement algorithms with optimal or suboptimal results for different technologies. To investigate how the functional composition compares to the state-of-the-art synthesis methods, we propose to apply this synthesis paradigm into six different scenarios. Two of them focus on CMOS-based circuits, and other four are based on emerging technologies. Regarding CMOSbased circuits, we investigate functional composition to investigate multi-output factorization in a circuit resynthesis flow. Also, we manipulate approximate functions to synthesize approximate triple modular redundancy (ATMR) modules. Concerning emerging technologies, we explore functional composition over spin-diode circuits and other promising approaches based on different logic implementations: threshold logic, majority logic, and implication logic. Results present a considerable improvement over the state-of-the-art methods for both CMOS and emerging technologies applications, demonstrating the ability to handle different technologies and showing the possibility to improve technologies not explored yet.

This study deals with the ethnopolitical mobilization among the Sami in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century. The investigation focus on why this mobilization took place, the demands the Sami made, and the strategies used to achieve these goals. Opposition towards the Swedish Sami policy was the most important reason for the political mobilization among the Sami. Both the formation of the Sami policy at the central administrative level, and the implementation of the policy at the regional and local level by the Lapp administration were criticised. During the first half of the period of investigation the Sami protests focused on policy decisions at central government level. During the later half of the period, it was the actions of the Lapp administration that triggered Sami activity. The central demands brought forward by the Sami movement concerned the position of the Sami in Swedish society. At the beginning of the period the Swedish Sami policy was based on the so called "Lapp shall remain Lapp" ideology. The Sami were looked upon as a reindeer herders by nature, who were weak and could not protect themselves against civilization, which was viewed as a threat to the cultural survival of the Sami. Therefore, they were to be protected by being segregated from the surrounding society. Only the reindeer herding Sami, however, were considered to be Sami which meant that a majority of the Sami population was not included in the Swedish Sami policy. A cultural boundary was drawn, which separated the Sami population into two large segments. Because of this, the main demands of the Sami movement were that the Sami should be granted an equal position in the Swedish society and that the Sami policy should include more aspects than just reindeer herding.Two main strategies were adopted by the Sami leaders to achieve the goals of the Sami movement. The first was to try to create a network of local Sami societies within a national Sami organization. As in Swedish society group interests were represented by a number of different organizations, Sami organizations were a precondition if the Sami were to be able to hold a dialogue with the Swedish authorities. However, during the period of investigation the Sami movement failed in its attempts to form a national Sami organization, which weakened the movement. The second strategy was directed at achieving more limited gains through goal-oriented actions, where the Sami were mobilized for shorter periods behind different demands. This second strategy was more successful during the period of investigation. However, ultimately the creation of a national Sami organization, was found to be a requirement if the Sami movement was to be able to influence the Swedish Sami policy. The formation of Svenska Samernas Riksförbund (National Union of the Swedish Sami) in 1950 was therefore an important step for the Sami movement.

In the thesis, we apply the gene expression programming (GEP) to training profitable trading strategies. We propose a model which utilizes several historical periods that are highly related to the current template period, and the best trading strategies of the historical periods generate the trading signals. To keep stability of our model, we proposed the trading decision mechanism based on simple majority vote in our model. The Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) is selected as our investment target and the trading period starts from 2000/9/14 to 2012/1/17, approximately twelve years. In our experiments, the lengths of our training period are 60, 90, 120, 180, and 270 trading days, respectively. We observe that the model with higher voting threshold usually can make profitable trading decisions. The best cumulative return 236.25\% and the best annualized cumulative return 10.63\% occur when the 180-day training models pairs with available threshold 0.21 and voting threshold 0.88, which are higher than the cumulative return 0.96\% and annualized cumulative return 0.08\% of the buy-and-hold strategy.

Depuis l'avènement de la Loi sur la clarté, remettant expressément en cause la validité de la règle de la majorité, ainsi que la célèbre maxime « une personne, une voix », au profit d'une majorité dite « claire », dans le cas d'un référendum québécois visant à se « séparer » du reste du Canada, ce mémoire tente de faire la lumière et d'analyser la validité ainsi que les fondements de cette règle historique du 50% + 1. Ainsi, tant à l'aide des thèses contemporaines qu'historiques, il importe de faire ressortir les différents arguments avancés de part et d'autre et de les replacer dans le présent contexte du Renvoi relatif à la sécession du Québec, menant à l'adoption de la Loi sur la clarté. Finalement, grâce aux récents référendums tenus à l'échelle mondiale, il sera dès lors possible de vérifier la validité de cette règle aux· niveaux national et intemational. / Since the enactment of the Clarity Act, which repudiated the validity of the majority rule and the famous maxim "one person, one vote", for the benefit of a so-called "clear" majority, this essay attempts to bring to light the validity and the foundation of the historical 50% + 1 rule, in the event of a referendum by the province of Quebec pursuant to "secede" from Canada. Thereby, by examining either the contemporary as weil as the historical justifications in favor of the majority rule, one ought to examine the different arguments put forward by either side of the political specter and try to interpret them in the context of the Secession Reference, which lead to the adoption of the Clarity Act. Analyzing the recent referendums held around the world, 1 will thereby try to examine the validity ofthe majority rule at the national and internationallevels. / "Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.)"

Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T03:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 430062 bytes, checksum: 5a8a1a0eaba91cd18e8142932105ee3b (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Favor fazer as alterações abaixo para que seu trabalho seja aprovado: 1: O nome da fundação (Getulio) não possuí acento. Favor retirar de todas as páginas que constam o nome. 2: Faltam as sessões de Agradecimentos, Resumo e Abstract. Atenciosamente, Letícia 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T12:11:08Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T13:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 2.0.pdf: 432636 bytes, checksum: 00494ab653e6be0fae54f42a49f2fe99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-14T13:22:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 2.0.pdf: 432636 bytes, checksum: 00494ab653e6be0fae54f42a49f2fe99 (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Os agradecimentos em uma trabalho tem uma importância significante. Para tirar suas dúvidas, a Suzinei irá entrar em contato com você para esclarecer essa situação. Após o contato dela, favor mandar o novo trabalho. Atenciosamente, Letícia 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T13:24:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T14:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 3.0.pdf: 434242 bytes, checksum: 203925cdcd2f5883b66766677952d8f0 (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Favor fazer a ultima alteração: A sessão Resumo deve estar após a sessão Abstract, devido ao seu trabalho ser em inglês. Atenciosamente, Letícia, 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T14:48:27Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T14:53:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-14T14:54:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T14:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / This thesis presents two theoretical models. The first shows how the cost of doing business associated with red tape arises as a response to institutional failure, namely, a failure of the legal system. It shows that, when legal system is inefficient, an increase in the cost of doing business can increase society’s welfare. The second model shows how credit constraints affect political preferences of the society relating to human capital investments. Families that are credit constrained invest less in their offspring human capital and thus also prefer policies that involve direct cash transfers to human capital investments. / A tese desenvolve dois modelos teóricos. O primeiro deles mostra como o custo de realizar negócios associados a burocracia surge como resposta a uma falha instituicional, em particular, uma falha no sistema de justiça. Ele mostra que, quando o sistema de justiça é ineficiente, um aumento no custo de realizar negócios pode aumentar o bem-estar da sociedade. O segundo modelo mostra como restrições de crédito afetam as preferências políticas da sociedade no que tange investimentos em capital humano. Famílias com restrição de crédito investem menos no capital humano dos filhos e, por esse motivo, acabam também acabam preferindo políticas que envolvam transferências diretas de renda a investimentos em capital humano.

The topic of my Thesis is ``Gypsies and Interpersonal Relations{\crqq}. I chose this particular topic intentionally. In my opinion, even though gypsies have been a part of our society for a long time, relations between them and other citizen in the society are not on a satisfactory level. Mutual interpersonal relations between the majority society citizens and gypsies are very hot and discussed topic. The co-existence issue is analyzed not only by professionals but also by wide public. My Thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part deals with the gypsies history, the structure of their society, a traditional gypsy family, traditional family habits, gypsy language, racism and discrimination, mutual relations between the gypsy society and other citizens, and social work with the gypsy minority. In the practical part of my thesis, I have used the method of quantitative analysis. I used two kinds of questionnaire. One of them was addressed to gypsy citizens and the other one was for the rest of the majority citizens. I have distributed 120 questionnaires among the gypsy citizens. The return was about 76 %. The other questionnaire was for the majority citizens. The return was 100 %. The goal of my Thesis was to discover reasons that lead to problems and issues between gypsies and the majority citizens. I was able to establish three assumptions. Firstly, more than half questioned gypsies experienced some kind of discrimination. This assumption was proved to be correct. Secondly, more than half of questioned majority citizens have negative experience with gypsies. This assumption was also proved to be correct. And thirdly, more than half questioned respondents from the majority citizens do not know the basic specifics of gypsies ethnic. And this assumption was again proved to be true. The results of my work will be at disposal to people involved in the gypsy{\crq}s issues and to students of the Health Social University, majoring in a Rehabilitation and Psycho {--} Social care of handicapped kids, adults and seniors. In the future, my findings may serve to create new arrangements that could lead to better the current situation between gypsies and the majority citizens

Este trabalho apresenta a composição funcional (CF) como um novo paradigma para realização da síntese lógica de blocos combinacionais. CF usa uma abordagem ascendente para sintetizar funções Booleanas, sendo capaz de avaliar os custos das funções intermediárias e explorando dessa forma um grande número de combinações diferentes de funções candidatas. Há vantagens interessantes quando comparado à abordagem descendente da decomposição funcional. CF apresenta grande flexibilidade para criar algoritmos com resultados ótimos ou subótimos para diferentes aplicações. A estratégia proposta apresenta bons resultados para síntese de funções Booleanas visando diferentes tecnologias. CF é baseado nos seguintes princípios: (1) representação de funções lógicas como um par ligado com representações funcional e estrutural; (2) o algoritmo começa de um conjunto de funções iniciais; (3) funções mais simples são associadas para criar funções mais complexas; (4) existe uma ordem parcial que permite o uso da programação dinâmica; (5) um conjunto de funções permitidas pode ser mantido para reduzir o tempo de execução/consumo de memória. Este trabalho apresenta algoritmos de composição funcional para fatoração Booleana, incluindo fatoração ótima, fatoração considerando o operador OU-exclusivo, computação de cadeias mínimas de decisão e síntese de funções considerando somente portas lógicas majoritárias e inversores. / This work presents functional composition (FC) as a new paradigm for combinational logic synthesis. FC is a bottom-up approach to synthesize Boolean functions, being able to evaluate the cost of intermediate sub-functions, exploring a larger number of different candidate combinations. These are interesting advantages when compared to the top-down behavior of functional decomposition. FC presents great flexibility to implement algorithms with optimal or suboptimal results for different applications. The proposed strategy presents good results for the synthesis of Boolean functions targeting different technologies. FC is based on the following principles: (1) the representation of logic functions is done by a bonded pair of functional and structural representations; (2) the algorithm starts from a set of initial functions; (3) simpler functions are associated to create more complex ones; (4) there is a partial order, enabling dynamic programming; (5) a set of allowed functions can be used in order to reduce execution time/memory consumption. This work presents functional composition algorithms for Boolean factoring, including optimal factoring, Boolean factoring considering the exclusive-OR operator, minimum decision chain computation and synthesis of functions considering only majority and inverter logic gates.