O presente trabalho consistiu na determinação da marcha de absorção de macro e micronutrientes pela bananeira (Musa spp), cultivar Grande Naine durante o primeiro ciclo de produção. Foram amostrados os rizomas, pseudocaules, folhas e posteriormente inflorescências, mensalmente durante o ciclo da cultura, que nas condições do ensaio foi de dezesseis meses. Foram avaliadas as dimensões (diâmetro e comprimento) dos rizomas, altura das plantas, número de folhas, e massas frescas e secas desses órgãos. Após o oitavo mês de cultivo houve a necessidade de se obter sub-amostras das partes analisadas, operação essa realizada manualmente, uma vez que o volume amostrado excedia a capacidade da estufa de secagem. As amostras foram levadas para estufa de circulação forçada de ar até atingirem massas constantes. As análises dos teores de macro e micronutrientes seguiram o método preconizado por Sarruge ; Haag (1974). As plantas apresentaram acúmulo de massa seca inicialmente lento, tendo seu crescimento acentuado a partir do décimo mês após o transplantio. A ordem decrescente da extração dos macronutrientes pela planta foi: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S, e a razão de extração foi: 89K: 17N: 10Ca: 6Mg: 2P: 1S. A ordem decrescente da extração de micronutrientes foi: Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B, e a razão de extração foi: 41 Fe: 10Mn: 3Cu: 2Zn: 1B. As equações de regressão que mais se adequaram para os rizomas, pseudocaule e folhas foram os modelos exponenciais, para as inflorescências, o modelo que mais se adequou foi a equação polinomial de terceiro grau. A reciclagem de nutrientes, a partir de um manejo adequado de órgãos, bem como a sua exportação junto com a colheita, deve ser levada em consideração em qualquer programa de adubação da bananeira. / This work consisted of the determination of the macro and micronutrients absorption march for the banana tree (Muse spp), cultivar Grande Naine during the first production cycle. Samples of rhizomes, pseudostem, leafs and later inflorescence, were taken monthly during the cycle of the culture, the cycle in the conditions of the study takes sixteen months. The rhizomes dimensions (diameter and length) had been evaluated, the plants height, leaf number, determination the fresh and dry masses of these parties. After the eighth month of start had the necessity of getting sub-samples of the analyzed parts, this operation carried manually, because the volume of the samples exceeded the capacity of the drying greenhouse. The samples had been taken for greenhouse until reaching constant masses. The macro and micronutrients analyses were made by Sarruge ; Haag (1974) method. The plants had presented initially slow accumulation of dry mass, growing accented from the tenth month after the transplantation. The decreasing order of the extraction of macronutrients was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and the extraction reason was 89K: 17N: 10Ca: 6Mg: 2P: 1S. The decreasing order of the extraction of micronutrients was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B and the extraction reason was 41 Fe: 10Mn: 3Cu: 2Zn: 1B. The regression equations that if had more adjusted for rhizomes, pseudostem, and leafs had been the exponentials, for the inflorescence, the model that adjusted was the third degree polynomial equation. The nutrients recycling, from an adequate handling of agencies, as well as its exportation with the harvest, must be taken in consideration in any program of fertilization of the banana tree.

O trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os atuais aspectos democráticos da Colômbia, por meio, da analise dos movimentos sociais. Para a compreesão desse contexto, essa dissertação se dedicou a realizar uma análise estrutural, fundamentada por teorias de democracia e movimentos sociais, e uma análise conjuntural, por meio de um estudo de caso específico de movimentos sociais. O recorte temporal é o início do governo de Juan Manoel Santos em 2010, até 2016, no qual emergiram importantes experiencias de movimentos sociais. A criação da Marcha Patriótica em 2012, teve grande projeção nacional. O movimento se autodefiniu como movimento político e social. A questão que guia essa investigação é se a definição do movimento é legítima. Por meio de um trabalho de revisão de bibliografia e de entrevistas foram coletas informações para compreender qual foi o caráter de ação do movimento no contexto colombiano. A Marcha Patriótica atuou como um importante articulador de diversos movimentos sociais colombianos, em torno de uma temática política específica: a defesa pela paz, propondo uma negociação política para o fim do conflito armado colombiano. Ao caracterizar a criação do movimento, seu conteúdo e formato, foi possível enxergar que se tratou de um movimento político e social, que obteve sucesso em conciliar as demandas políticas específicas do movimento e as características e funções do movimento social. / The paper aims to investigate the current democratic aspects of Colombia, through the analysis of social movements. To understand this context, this dissertation was dedicated to a structural analysis, based on theories of democracy and social movements, and a conjunctural analysis, through a specific case study of social movements. The temporal cut is the beginning of the administration of Juan Manoel Santos in 2010, until 2016, in which important experiences of social movements emerged. The creation of the Patriotic March in 2012, had great national projection. The moviment defined itself as a political and social movement. The question guiding this investigation is whether the definition of motion is legitimate. Through a bibliographical review and interview work, information was collected to understand the character of the movement in the Colombian context. The Patriotic March served as an important articulator of several Colombian social movements, around a specific political theme: defense for peace, proposing a political negotiation for the end of the Colombian armed conflict. By characterizing the creation of the movement, its content and format, it was possible to see that it was a political and social movement that succeeded in reconciling the specific political demands of the movement and the characteristics and functions of the social movement.

Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Interpretació de Llenguatges Generals, Literaris i Específics (Doctorat Europeu).

O presente trabalho consistiu na determinação da marcha de absorção de macro e micronutrientes pela bananeira (Musa spp), cultivar Grande Naine durante o primeiro ciclo de produção. Foram amostrados os rizomas, pseudocaules, folhas e posteriormente inflorescências, mensalmente durante o ciclo da cultura, que nas condições do ensaio foi de dezesseis meses. Foram avaliadas as dimensões (diâmetro e comprimento) dos rizomas, altura das plantas, número de folhas, e massas frescas e secas desses órgãos. Após o oitavo mês de cultivo houve a necessidade de se obter sub-amostras das partes analisadas, operação essa realizada manualmente, uma vez que o volume amostrado excedia a capacidade da estufa de secagem. As amostras foram levadas para estufa de circulação forçada de ar até atingirem massas constantes. As análises dos teores de macro e micronutrientes seguiram o método preconizado por Sarruge ; Haag (1974). As plantas apresentaram acúmulo de massa seca inicialmente lento, tendo seu crescimento acentuado a partir do décimo mês após o transplantio. A ordem decrescente da extração dos macronutrientes pela planta foi: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S, e a razão de extração foi: 89K: 17N: 10Ca: 6Mg: 2P: 1S. A ordem decrescente da extração de micronutrientes foi: Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B, e a razão de extração foi: 41 Fe: 10Mn: 3Cu: 2Zn: 1B. As equações de regressão que mais se adequaram para os rizomas, pseudocaule e folhas foram os modelos exponenciais, para as inflorescências, o modelo que mais se adequou foi a equação polinomial de terceiro grau. A reciclagem de nutrientes, a partir de um manejo adequado de órgãos, bem como a sua exportação junto com a colheita, deve ser levada em consideração em qualquer programa de adubação da bananeira. / This work consisted of the determination of the macro and micronutrients absorption march for the banana tree (Muse spp), cultivar Grande Naine during the first production cycle. Samples of rhizomes, pseudostem, leafs and later inflorescence, were taken monthly during the cycle of the culture, the cycle in the conditions of the study takes sixteen months. The rhizomes dimensions (diameter and length) had been evaluated, the plants height, leaf number, determination the fresh and dry masses of these parties. After the eighth month of start had the necessity of getting sub-samples of the analyzed parts, this operation carried manually, because the volume of the samples exceeded the capacity of the drying greenhouse. The samples had been taken for greenhouse until reaching constant masses. The macro and micronutrients analyses were made by Sarruge ; Haag (1974) method. The plants had presented initially slow accumulation of dry mass, growing accented from the tenth month after the transplantation. The decreasing order of the extraction of macronutrients was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and the extraction reason was 89K: 17N: 10Ca: 6Mg: 2P: 1S. The decreasing order of the extraction of micronutrients was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B and the extraction reason was 41 Fe: 10Mn: 3Cu: 2Zn: 1B. The regression equations that if had more adjusted for rhizomes, pseudostem, and leafs had been the exponentials, for the inflorescence, the model that adjusted was the third degree polynomial equation. The nutrients recycling, from an adequate handling of agencies, as well as its exportation with the harvest, must be taken in consideration in any program of fertilization of the banana tree.

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On March 1, 1986, 1,200 activists set out from Los Angeles on a walk across the United States to call for an end to nuclear weapons. Within two weeks, a few hundred remained. They reorganized as the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament and successfully completed the nine-month, 3,325-mile walk to Washington, D.C. Two central questions guide this work: What is the relationship between long-distance walking and the politics of social movements? To what extent does “endurance” shape meanings of the March’s related but twin goals: the building of a collective, or “prefigurative” community, and a mass movement capable of attaining media coverage and achieving concrete, or “strategic” political outcomes? This study utilizes historical analysis, semi-structured interviews, and discourse analysis of print news media to apprehend different perspectives on long-distance walks and the Great Peace March. This project provides a multilayered account of the historical and cultural roots of long-distance walks for sociopolitical change, the March’s origins and organization, marchers’ understandings of their participation, and media representations of the March. It also examines Jamie Schultz’s categorization of “physical activism” in combination with “prefigurative politics,” of which Wini Breines claims the central task is to create and sustain within the live practice of the movement, relationships and political forms that ‘prefigured’ and embodied the desired society. The result is a more nuanced understanding of the ways physicality and endurance constitute a significant aspect of participation in social movements. This dissertation coins the term “endurance activism” as the articulation of endurance physical feats with political activism. The Great Peace March illustrates how social movement participants undertook endurance actions to communicate arduous and strenuous work for the cause. This project finds that endurance, physically, but also symbolically and metaphorically signifies particular meanings of movement for social movements such as persistence, focus, and determination to stretch limits and push boundaries. The marchers sought to accomplish a difficult physical challenge and maintain the solidarity of their community to analogize the coming into existence of their campaign’s equally extraordinary vision for denuclearization. The marchers experienced and communicated endurance to stress their movement as an act that has no end, and to solidify perceptions of themselves as lifelong activists. Their emphasis on endurance highlights the importance of the means of lasting work for social and political change that are valued in and of themselves. This study finds that collective effort and striving are crucial qualities that build solidarity in social movements, while also signaling the necessity of ongoing work for the cause and the forging of another way forward.

Texture, i.e. preferred orientation, can cause large systematic errors in quantitative analysis of crystalline materials using x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. Various mathematical forms have been proposed for the application of preferred orientation corrections. The most promising of these appears to be the single-parameter March (1932) model proposed by Dollase (1986).Li and O'Connor (1989) applied the March model to determine the level of preferred orientation in various gibbsites using two procedures. The first involved the Rietveld (1969) least squares pattern-fitting method. Each pattern was Rietveld-analysed in two ways, initially assuming random orientation of the crystallites and subsequently with the March model. The second procedure for preferred orientation analysis, described here as the line ratio method, determines preferred orientation factors according to the intensity ratios of carefully selected line pairs.In the thesis the procedures proposed by Li and O'Connor for texture analysis have been evaluated with XRPD data sets for molybdite, calcite and kaolinite. The results indicate that while the March formula improves agreement between the' calculated and measured patterns in Rietveld analysis, other forms of systematic error in the intensity data appear to limit the effectiveness of the March formula in general. It has been found also that the line ratio method improves agreement between the data sets, but less effectively than the Rietveld method. It is proposed that extinction is likely to be the most influential source of systematic error competing with texture.

A consistent feature of Saul Bellow???s fiction is the protagonist???s encounter with one or more teaching figures. Dialogue with such individuals prompts the Bellovian protagonist to reject his current state of selfhood as inadequate and provokes him to re-form as a new person. The teacher figure offers a better self to which the protagonist is attracted; or, more frequently in Bellow, the protagonist is repelled by both his teacher and his own current state to form a new, previously unrepresented self. This thesis argues that Bellow???s self inherits and modifies the perfectionist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, in a literary reinterpretation that parallels Stanley Cavell???s philosophical revaluation of the American Transcendentalists. In Emerson and Thoreau, and in Cavell???s reading of perfectionism, the self is attracted onward only by a better representation of selfhood in another, while Bellow???s self may also be, and often is, provoked by a repellent other to inhabit a new form of selfhood. This thesis takes the evolution of selfhood in Bellow to be structured by travel. In The Adventures of Augie March, Augie???s movement between selves is impelled by conversation with teacher figures and paralleled by his unending journeys. In Herzog, Herzog???s self-transformations and travels are provoked by reading and writing, and by the ecstasy of loss revealed to him through apostrophic conversations with the dead and absent in a series of unsent and mental letters. Letter-writing, the provocation for Herzog???s self-perfection, becomes a form of travel in Herzog. This thesis further argues that Bellow???s travelling self is a critical response to two poles of modern subjectivity, structured by European mythologies of travel: Bellow???s fiction is critical, first, of a Hegelian, egoist mode of selfhood structured after the Odyssey; but equally critical of examples of Levinasian openness to the Other, patterned on Abraham???s exile. Bellow does not accept either the Odyssean or the Abrahamic mode of selfhood on its own, recognizing oppressive possibilities in both. Travelling selfhood in Bellow, initiated by conversation with others, both fuses and rereads Odyssean and Abrahamic constructs within a new, but perpetually unfinished American mode of selfperfection.

<p>The purpose of this study is to examine who were given the opportunity to express their opinions in the government proposition concerning the future of the school system – particularly regarding the proposal that pupils do compulsory military service - submitted to the Swedish parliament 21 March 1941. Our focus is mainly on three parts of the proposition: the proposal to introduce shooting- and grenade practice for all pupils, the proposal to introduce an obligatory military leadership training course for teachers and the proposal to introduce an obligatory summer camp for all pupils.</p><p>Using primarily a qualitative method we examine how different opinions and views are expressed in the statements and utterances responding to the pending proposition and who the responders are. We will attempt to clarify who were considered to be undisputed authorities and experts, and whose opinions, for that reason, carried a lot of weight in the decision making process, comparing them to the statements and utterances submitted on a voluntary basis by non-experts. And finally, to what extent the opinions in the statements and utterances were allowed to guide the propositional work.</p><p>Results show that the statements and utterances were submitted by authorities, chapter, county administrative boards and religious, non-profit and political organizations as well as different types of schools, representatives from the Board of Education and elementary school boards not a part of county councils or other types of associations. Government authorities, chapter and county administrative boards were given priority in the proposition and it was their opinions that the proposition came to rely on. The rest were seen as “guiding” rather than deciding factors, and then only selectively, as they were generally lumped together and treated collectively. Most of the time, their opinions were not heard, and when they were it was usually to support and corroborate decisions already made by the decision making and implementing instances.</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine who were given the opportunity to express their opinions in the government proposition concerning the future of the school system – particularly regarding the proposal that pupils do compulsory military service - submitted to the Swedish parliament 21 March 1941. Our focus is mainly on three parts of the proposition: the proposal to introduce shooting- and grenade practice for all pupils, the proposal to introduce an obligatory military leadership training course for teachers and the proposal to introduce an obligatory summer camp for all pupils. Using primarily a qualitative method we examine how different opinions and views are expressed in the statements and utterances responding to the pending proposition and who the responders are. We will attempt to clarify who were considered to be undisputed authorities and experts, and whose opinions, for that reason, carried a lot of weight in the decision making process, comparing them to the statements and utterances submitted on a voluntary basis by non-experts. And finally, to what extent the opinions in the statements and utterances were allowed to guide the propositional work. Results show that the statements and utterances were submitted by authorities, chapter, county administrative boards and religious, non-profit and political organizations as well as different types of schools, representatives from the Board of Education and elementary school boards not a part of county councils or other types of associations. Government authorities, chapter and county administrative boards were given priority in the proposition and it was their opinions that the proposition came to rely on. The rest were seen as “guiding” rather than deciding factors, and then only selectively, as they were generally lumped together and treated collectively. Most of the time, their opinions were not heard, and when they were it was usually to support and corroborate decisions already made by the decision making and implementing instances.