Cette thèse analyse les conditions qui ont conduit à l'émergence d'un groupe qui diffusent la doctrine et la pensée de l'Église catholique au XXe siècle dans l'État de Rio Grande do Sul. L'hypothèse générale qui a guidé la recherche est que les Jésuites la promotion d'un processus entre les groupes formant, de un cotê d'uniformiser scolaire par leurs gymnases catholiques, et surtout de l'identité religieuse et intellectuelle à travers les activités dans leurs congrégations Mariannes. Il est démontré, sur la base de plusieurs sources, que le facteur d'homogénéisation du groupe n'est pas dans leur profil social, mais en uniforme scolaire a reçu, et en particulier dans la formation religieuse et intellectuelle résultat de l'action éducative des Jésuites étrangers dans les congrégations mariales. Se déroule cette constatation, le fait que dans un environnement culturel marqué par l'absence d'espaces universitaires, á formation philosophique fournies par ces jésuites, basées sur des interprétations du thomisme, déterminer le substrat idéologique et l’identité intellectuelle du groupe. Cette formation intellectuelle internationalisé déterminé que, parmi les membres du groupe, étant donné la tendance de la réception de la pensée catholique, ne créent pas un système philosophiques original. Avec ce type de formation l’action collective du groupe catholique a été orientée pour les espaces sociaux ils peuvent imposer leur identité intelectuelle, et la doctrine sociale de l'Eglise, comme l'articulation du mouvement catholique en l'état, la conquête des chaires de philosophie et des lois du travail, par exemple, l'Université, et la construction de l'ordre politique à travers l'insertion des postulats catholiques dans las constituants fédéral. / Esta tese analisa as condições que possibilitaram o surgimento de um grupo que difundiu a doutrina e o pensamento da Igreja Católica durante o século XX no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A hipótese geral que norteou a pesquisa é de que os Jesuítas promoveram um processo, entre os grupos que formaram, por um lado, de uniformização escolar, via seus Ginásios Católicos, e, sobretudo, de identificação religiosa e intelectual através das atividades nas suas Congregações Marianas. Demonstra-se, com base em fontes variadas, que o fator homogeneizador do grupo não se encontra em seu perfil social, mas sim na uniformização escolar recebida, e, sobretudo, na formação religiosa e intelectual decorrente da ação educativa dos jesuítas estrangeiros nas Congregações Marianas. Desdobra-se desta constatação, o fato de que, num ambiente cultural marcado pela ausência de espaços acadêmicos, a formação filosófica proporcionada por estes jesuítas alemães baseada nas reinterpretações do Tomismo, pautou o substrato ideológico e a identidade intelectual do grupo. Esta formação intelectual internacionalizada determinou que, entre os membros do grupo, dado o padrão de recepção de pensamento católico, não se produzisse um sistema filosófico original. Com este tipo de formação a ação coletiva do grupo católico direcionouse para os espaços sociais os quais pudessem impor sua identidade intelectual e a doutrina social da Igreja, como a articulação do movimento católico no Estado, a conquista das cátedras de Filosofia e de legislação trabalhista, por exemplo, na Universidade, e a construção da ordem política através inserção dos postulados católicos nas Constituintes. / This thesis analyzes the conditions that allowed the emergence of a group who diffused the doctrine and thinking of the Catholic Church during the twentieth century in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The general hypothesis that guided the research is that the Jesuits promoted a process between the groups that formed on the one hand, standardization of scholar via their gymnasiums Catholics, and especially of religious and intellectual identity through the activities in their Marian Congregations. It is demonstrated, based on various sources, that the group factor homogenizing is not in their social profile, but in standardization scholar received, and especially in religious and intellectual formation resulting from activities educational of the Jesuits in the Marian Congregations. Unfolds this finding, the fact that in a cultural environment marked by the absence of academic spaces, the philosophical background provided by these Jesuits based on interpretations of Thomism, guided the substrate ideological and intellectual identity of the group. This training internationalized determined that, among the group members, given the pattern of reception of Catholic thought, did not produce an original philosophical system. With this type of formation the collective action of the Catholic group is moving on to the social spaces which could enforce its intellectual identity and the social doctrine of the Church as the articulation of the Catholic movement in the state, the conquest of the chairs of philosophy and labor laws, for example, at university, and the construction of political order through the insertion of the postulates Catholics in federal constituencies.

Cette thèse analyse les conditions qui ont conduit à l'émergence d'un groupe qui diffusent la doctrine et la pensée de l'Église catholique au XXe siècle dans l'État de Rio Grande do Sul. L'hypothèse générale qui a guidé la recherche est que les Jésuites la promotion d'un processus entre les groupes formant, de un cotê d'uniformiser scolaire par leurs gymnases catholiques, et surtout de l'identité religieuse et intellectuelle à travers les activités dans leurs congrégations Mariannes. Il est démontré, sur la base de plusieurs sources, que le facteur d'homogénéisation du groupe n'est pas dans leur profil social, mais en uniforme scolaire a reçu, et en particulier dans la formation religieuse et intellectuelle résultat de l'action éducative des Jésuites étrangers dans les congrégations mariales. Se déroule cette constatation, le fait que dans un environnement culturel marqué par l'absence d'espaces universitaires, á formation philosophique fournies par ces jésuites, basées sur des interprétations du thomisme, déterminer le substrat idéologique et l’identité intellectuelle du groupe. Cette formation intellectuelle internationalisé déterminé que, parmi les membres du groupe, étant donné la tendance de la réception de la pensée catholique, ne créent pas un système philosophiques original. Avec ce type de formation l’action collective du groupe catholique a été orientée pour les espaces sociaux ils peuvent imposer leur identité intelectuelle, et la doctrine sociale de l'Eglise, comme l'articulation du mouvement catholique en l'état, la conquête des chaires de philosophie et des lois du travail, par exemple, l'Université, et la construction de l'ordre politique à travers l'insertion des postulats catholiques dans las constituants fédéral. / Esta tese analisa as condições que possibilitaram o surgimento de um grupo que difundiu a doutrina e o pensamento da Igreja Católica durante o século XX no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A hipótese geral que norteou a pesquisa é de que os Jesuítas promoveram um processo, entre os grupos que formaram, por um lado, de uniformização escolar, via seus Ginásios Católicos, e, sobretudo, de identificação religiosa e intelectual através das atividades nas suas Congregações Marianas. Demonstra-se, com base em fontes variadas, que o fator homogeneizador do grupo não se encontra em seu perfil social, mas sim na uniformização escolar recebida, e, sobretudo, na formação religiosa e intelectual decorrente da ação educativa dos jesuítas estrangeiros nas Congregações Marianas. Desdobra-se desta constatação, o fato de que, num ambiente cultural marcado pela ausência de espaços acadêmicos, a formação filosófica proporcionada por estes jesuítas alemães baseada nas reinterpretações do Tomismo, pautou o substrato ideológico e a identidade intelectual do grupo. Esta formação intelectual internacionalizada determinou que, entre os membros do grupo, dado o padrão de recepção de pensamento católico, não se produzisse um sistema filosófico original. Com este tipo de formação a ação coletiva do grupo católico direcionouse para os espaços sociais os quais pudessem impor sua identidade intelectual e a doutrina social da Igreja, como a articulação do movimento católico no Estado, a conquista das cátedras de Filosofia e de legislação trabalhista, por exemplo, na Universidade, e a construção da ordem política através inserção dos postulados católicos nas Constituintes. / This thesis analyzes the conditions that allowed the emergence of a group who diffused the doctrine and thinking of the Catholic Church during the twentieth century in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The general hypothesis that guided the research is that the Jesuits promoted a process between the groups that formed on the one hand, standardization of scholar via their gymnasiums Catholics, and especially of religious and intellectual identity through the activities in their Marian Congregations. It is demonstrated, based on various sources, that the group factor homogenizing is not in their social profile, but in standardization scholar received, and especially in religious and intellectual formation resulting from activities educational of the Jesuits in the Marian Congregations. Unfolds this finding, the fact that in a cultural environment marked by the absence of academic spaces, the philosophical background provided by these Jesuits based on interpretations of Thomism, guided the substrate ideological and intellectual identity of the group. This training internationalized determined that, among the group members, given the pattern of reception of Catholic thought, did not produce an original philosophical system. With this type of formation the collective action of the Catholic group is moving on to the social spaces which could enforce its intellectual identity and the social doctrine of the Church as the articulation of the Catholic movement in the state, the conquest of the chairs of philosophy and labor laws, for example, at university, and the construction of political order through the insertion of the postulates Catholics in federal constituencies.

Ce projet de recherche en danse est né du désir et du besoin de questionner ma propre pratique artistique en danse contemporaine, en la mettant en perspective et en conversation avec celle de deux autres artistes chorégraphes, Monica Klingler et Barbara Manzetti. L'étude de ces (nos) pratiques, que j'ai qualifiées de "mineures" (au sens deleuzien) a été réalisée en les approchant par le "milieu", dans leur devenir, en les "accompagnant" pendant une période délimitée, celle de la durée de la thèse. Les questions qui dynamisent la recherche concernent les notions de présent et de vivant, contenues dans le terme "processus" : comment rendre compte de processus créatifs au moment même de leur surgissement? Comment se positionner pour pouvoir les décrire, les analyser? Une autre question explorée à travers différentes pratiques d'écriture, dont la thèse, est celle du rôle de l'écriture dans un projet de danse. Quelles pratiques d'écriture mettre en place pour accompagner la danse, pour la penser et pour la partager à travers le langage? L'analyse des démarches artistiques des trois artistes étudiées a été réalisée à l'aide de concepts issus de théories féministes. Elle s'appuie sur la notion de "hors de soi", du choix d'exacerber la vulnérabilité (Judith Butler) ; sur le positionnement des artistes comme des sujets non unitaires, des "sujets nomades" et en devenir (Rosi Braidotti) ; sur la mise en mouvement de formes fluides, changeantes et non réductibles à une œuvre, à l'"un" (Luce Irigaray).La recherche, considérée comme un "processus de danse", a donné forme à différents projets artistiques, Materia Viva, Figuras, Avec le masque, ainsi qu'à l'écriture de la thèse.

The city of Santa Maria, RS state, is well-known as a religious center of Marian devotion and is an attraction for pilgrims and visitors, mainly because of the annual pilgrimage of Our Lady Medianeira . Silveira Martins, also in the central region of RS state, emerged linked to Santa Maria as host city of the fourth region of the Italian immigration in 1877. This town maintains a strong devotion for Mother Mary once this image was brought from Italian immigrants. This relation and the characteristics of the popular devotion is what motivated this paper. Its main purpose is to collect data which will allow us to build a religious and cultural itinerary, involving pilgrimage places and devotion to Mother Mary in the central region of RS state, Brazil. As a geographical cut, it was established that the region between Santa Maria and Silveira Martins would be the principal focus of this paper because of all the reasons mentioned above and because of the places selected, as the Sanctuaries and festivities that compose this itinerary, which follows: Diocesan Cathedral, Basilica of Our Lady Medianeira , Sanctuary of Schoenstatt, Church of Our Lady Dores , in Santa Maria; Sanctuary of Our lady of Health and Sanctuary of Our Lady of Pompeii, in Silveira Martins. Methodologically, an exploratory research was used, employing a historical method of procedure, from the technique of bibliographical investigation, of observation and of the qualitative appreciation of the collected information. The conceptual categories discussed told about Cultural Estate, Tourism, and the Catholic Identity of Rio Grande do Sul state, pilgrimage. The main findings are about the characterization of the religious identity of this region as a result of the propagation of the popular Catholicism, characterized by a devotional dimension mainly directed to the Marian cult, expressed currently in popular religious parties like pilgrimages, corteges and promises considered as inheritance of the Portuguese settlers, Indians missionaries, black people, people from Açores and Italian immigrants. / A cidade de Santa Maria/RS destaca-se como centro religioso de devoção mariana, foco de atração de peregrinos e visitantes, principalmente por ocasião da romaria anual de Nossa Senhora Medianeira. Silveira Martins, também na região central do Estado, surgiu ligada a Santa Maria, como sede da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana, em 1877. Esta cidade, hoje, conserva forte devoção a Maria, trazida pelos imigrantes da Itália. Tal relação e as características da devoção popular nelas guardada é que moveu este trabalho. O objetivo principal consistiu em reunir subsídios que permitam construir um guia turístico cultural-religioso, envolvendo locais de peregrinação e devoção à Virgem Maria na região central do Rio Grande do Sul/BR. Como recorte geográfico, estabeleceu-se como foco de estudo a região compreendida no espaço geográfico e culturalmente delimitado pelos municípios de Santa Maria e Silveira Martins, pelos motivos já apresentados e porque neles foram selecionados os Santuários e festas que compõem o guia turístico proposto: Catedral Diocesana, Basílica de Nossa Senhora Medianeira, Santuário de Schoenstatt, Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Dores, em Santa Maria; Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Saúde e Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Pompéia, em Silveira Martins. Metodologicamente, usou-se a pesquisa de caráter exploratório, a partir da técnica de investigação bibliográfica, da observação e apreciação qualitativa das informações coletadas. As categorias conceituais discutidas versaram sobre Patrimônio Cultural, Turismo e Identidade Religiosa Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Peregrinação e Romarias. As constatações principais dizem respeito à caracterização da identidade religiosa da região como resultado da propagação do catolicismo popular, caracterizado por uma dimensão devocional, principalmente, e voltado para o culto mariano, expresso atualmente em festas religiosas populares com procissões, romarias, promessas e ex-votos, expressões estas consideradas aqui como herança dos povoadores portugueses, indígenas missioneiros, negros, açorianos e imigrantes italianos.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse perception of political and social changes by Catholic Marian communities under two authoritarian regimes, namely the Vichy regime in France and independent Slovak state. Both political entities emerged due to aggression by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Both founded their traditionalist ideology on Christian values. The object of this study are two groups of clergy which were involved in Marian pilgrimage sites in French La Salette and Slovak Šaštín. Main sources, on which the study is based, are periodicals published by communities administering the pilgrimage sites. These are Annales de Notre-Dame de La Salette a Bulletin des Missionnaires de Notre-Dame de La Salette in case of France and Saleziánske zvesti in case of Slovakia. While analysing the text, the author focuses on the reflection of several basic themes - military conflict in Europe, demise of the previous regime and emergence of a new state. At the same time, the author describes the fundamental characteristics of the Marian cult at the time of its creation during the war. The concluding part offers an application of comparative perspective on the two case studies with the aim to indicate their similar and distinct characteristics. Keywords Catholic Church, Vichy France, Slovakia...

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The work deals with the motif of a woman in the works of Jakub Deml. It starts by presenting some necessary facts and events of his life. In the main part, it tries to identify the basic archetypes of feminity in Deml's works, focusing especially on the Marian Cult, that strongly influences the transformation of living persons into supra-personal and symbolical ones. In the final analysis, the question of whether the motives of archetypal women are really dominating or whether they just mirror the poet's spiritual search and fight is adressed. Key words Eliška Wiesenebergerová, Jakub Deml, Kateřina Sweerts-Sporcková, catholic mysticism, catholic poetry, marian cult in the literature, Marie Rosa Junová, Matylka Demlová, Miriam, motif of a woman in the literature, Pavla Kytlicová, Forgotten Light

Cette recherche vise à élaborer une mariologie sociale en Afrique. Sa problématique tourne autour de trois questions principales : le culte marial est-il vécu comme une pratique libératrice au service de l’engagement pour la justice sociale ? La figure de la Vierge Marie constitue-t-elle une source d’inspiration qui permette aux chrétiens et aux chrétiennes catholiques romains de s’engager au niveau sociopolitique en Afrique ? Les engagements des chrétiens et des chrétiennes, épris de vertus mariales, participent-ils à l’avènement d’une société de justice, de paix et du vivre-ensemble harmonieux ? Ces questions sont posées dans un contexte large, celui de l’Afrique subsaharienne où plusieurs pays font face aux crises multiformes et, dans un cadre plus restreint, celui de la République Démocratique du Congo où quatre mouvements marials, basés à Kinshasa, ont fait objet d’études de terrain. Cette thèse prétend déconstruire et reconstruire la conception et le vécu des pratiques mariales afin que celles-ci deviennent un ferment qui pousse les chrétiens et les chrétiennes catholiques africains en général et congolais en particulier à s’engager dans la résolution des problèmes majeurs de leur société notamment au niveau de la justice, de la paix et de la question des femmes. Cette thèse cherche à dépasser deux types de mariologies produites en Afrique : la mariologie coloniale, qui concerne l’histoire de l’arrivée de la Vierge Marie à travers l’action des missionnaires qui ont évangélisé le continent africain et une certaine mariologie inculturée qui se limite à corréler des catégories culturelles africaines avec des thèmes classiques de mariologie. La réflexion épouse la voie d’une approche de mariologie sociale qui, mise en application par les Africains et les Africaines, peut aider à relever le défi lié aux multiples problèmes au niveau économique, politique, social et culturel que rencontre la majorité de pays africains. La recherche est abordée dans une perspective des théologies africaines de la libération et de la reconstruction à travers une démarche de contextualisation, de décontextualisation et de recontextualisation. La thèse comprend quatre parties. La première partie fait un état des lieux de la mariologie africaine. Elle situe cette dernière dans le parcours historique de la théologie africaine, analyse la dévotion mariale en Afrique à travers l’action missionnaire, étudie la question de l’inculturation de quelques mystères marials et se penche sur le lien entre la mariologie et les problèmes de société en Afrique. La seconde partie examine la question de la mariologie sociale en Amérique Latine. Elle étudie l’aspect sociopolitique de la dévotion mariale, l’anthropologie et l’herméneutique de la réflexion et des apparitions mariales, les dogmes marials dans une perspective sociale et la place occupée par la Vierge Marie et le culte marial dans le combat féministe en Amérique Latine. La troisième partie explore le rapport entre la pratique de la dévotion mariale et l’engagement sociopolitique de quatre mouvements marials (Légion de Marie, Communauté du Magnificat, Groupe de l’Arbre Desséché ou Nzete Ekauka et École de prière Notre-Dame Vierge Puissante) à Kinshasa. Elle jette un regard sur le contexte de naissance et d’évolution des mouvements d’action catholique dans leur ensemble et fait une analyse critique des pratiques mariales et de l’engagement sociopolitique de ces mouvements. La quatrième partie tente une recomposition du discours de mariologie sociale en Afrique à partir d’une lecture du Magnificat. Elle fait une actualisation de ce cantique pour enrichir la pratique du culte marial et présente trois axes sur lesquels peut porter une mariologie sociale en Afrique. / This research aims at developing a social Mariology in Africa. It deals with three main questions: Is Marian devotion lived as a liberating practice in view of a commitment for social justice? Is the figure of the Virgin Mary an inspiration which allows Roman Catholic Christian men and women to involve themselves at the sociopolitical level in Africa? Do the commitments of Christian men and women who love Marian virtues take part in the advent of a society of justice, peace and harmonious coexistence? Those questions are asked in a broad context, that of Sub-Saharan Africa, where many countries are facing multifaceted crises and, in a more limited context, that of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where four marials Movements, based in Kinshasa, were the objects of field studies. This thesis claims to deconstruct and reconstruct the concept and the lived-out experience of Marian practices, so that those practices may become a ferment leading African Catholic Christian men and women in general, and Congolese Catholic Christian men and women in particular, to commit themselves in the resolution of the major problems of their society, particularly in terms of justice, peace and women's issues. This thesis seeks to go beyond two types of Mariology produced in Africa: colonial Mariology, dealing with the history of the arrival of the Virgin Mary through the work of the missionaries who evangelized the African continent, and some kind of an acculturated Mariology, which limits itself to setting a correlation between African cultural categories and some classical themes of Mariology. This reflection takes a stand for a social Mariology, that is, an approach which, implemented by African men and women, can help them meet the challenges created by the many economic, political, social and cultural problems that most of the African countries are faced with. This research work is done in the perspective of the African theologies of liberation and in the perspective of a reconstruction, through a process of contextualization, de-contextualization and re-contextualization. This thesis is made up of four parts. The first part presents an overview of African Mariology. It sees it through the historical journey of African theology, it analyses Marian devotion in Africa through the works of missionaries, it studies the question of acculturation of a few Marian mysteries, and it focuses on the relationship between Mariology and the social problems in Africa. The second part examines the issue of social Mariology in Latin America. It studies the sociopolitical aspect of Marian devotion, the anthropology and the hermeneutics of the Marian reflection and of the Marian apparitions. It studies the Marian dogmas from a social perspective, and the place of the Virgin Mary and of Marian devotion in the feminist struggle in Latin America. The third part explores the relationship between the practice of Marian devotion and the sociopolitical commitment of four Catholic Action Movements that are present in Kinshasa: The Legion of Mary, the Magnificat Community, the Group of "l'Arbre Desséché" (Dried Tree Group) or Nzete Ekauka, and the Prayer School "Notre Dame, Vierge Puissante" (Our Lady, Powerful Virgin). It takes a look at the general context of the birth and evolution of those Catholic Action Movements, and it makes a critical analysis of the Marian practices and of the sociopolitical commitment of those movements. The fourth part attempts a reconstruction of the social discourse of Mariology in Africa, starting from a reading of the Magnificat. It makes an actualized reading of that song in view of enriching the practice of Marian devotion, and it presents three aspects on which social Mariology in Africa can rest.