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This research falls within the field of normative business ethics. Its aim is to examine the moral nature of the employment relationship in western democracies by examining the liberal, democratic justifications that are normally advanced for its probity. Its concern is to challenge the notion that the employment relationship is in conformity with these liberal democratic values. Thus, the research is an exercise in the examination of the application of the liberal, democratic tradition to the social institution of employment. Thus research examines areas of dissonance between the political relationship of employee � employer and the dominant values of the liberal tradition found elsewhere in western democracies. The research firstly identifies the key moral characteristics of the employment relationship in private, capitalist organisations. This is derived from a consideration of the development historically, of the employment relationship, with acknowledgement of the combined influences of statute, common law, contract law and custom in forming the current employee relationship. Secondly, the research identifies the justificatory arguments from the liberal tradition that are normally advanced in support of the employment relationship�s moral probity. These include notions of rights deriving from private property, the separation of social life into public and private spheres and the application of contract law to employment. Thirdly, the research examines these arguments for their moral probity. Specifically, this involves an examination of the arguments regarding the private property status of employing organisations, the application of contract law to employment, the moral characteristics of the master and servant relationship as a basis for employment and the relevance of democratic values within employment. As an additional perspective, the literature on human needs is reviewed as a source, outside of the liberal tradition, for a basis upon which to outline the moral requirements of human relationships to work.

Inaug.-Diss.--Heidelberg. / Vita. Bibliography: p. i-xv.

This dissertation examines a marginal group in Russian history and literature, domestic servants (dvorovye liudi)— proprietary peasants taken by their masters into the house to fulfill a variety of service roles. I consider this character group as an artistic device, an ideological signifier that draws upon a cluster of reader’s associations, and as a group deeply connected to the master class, the noblemen (dvoriane). Historically, the two were interconnected for generations, sharing domestic space, blood, history, and mutual interests. I argue that contrary to their historical prototypes, the Russian literary master and servant are interdependent, with both participants acutely aware of each other, allowing the implied author to use each to comment on the other and the wider social context of their relations. As the Emancipation (1861) approached, the literary portrayal of the shifting relations between these two groups began to signal the massive changes that shook Russian society during the long nineteenth century. These shifts were often depicted in spatial terms in literary works, with master and servant perpetually re-negotiating their mutual positions within limited spatial economies, most prominently, in the gentry house. Domestic space, where masters and servants coexist and which serves as a microcosm of Russian society, is the ideal space in which authors can navigate unstable social relationships and work out potential solutions to their conflicts. The domestic stage can stand in for the political or social one. How servants navigate space in their master’s home gives clues to the broader issues authors address in their narratives. My dissertation is structured according to the space most significant for the relationship between master and servant: the bedroom or nursery (Introduction), on the road (Chapter 1), private-public space (Chapter 2), and absence of space (Chapter 3). The Conclusion examines the increasing danger of the intimate and often inappropriate proximity of servant and master when combined with irreconcilable class differences and a steadfast resistance from those in power to the redistribution of space. I turn to works of Tolstoy, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Goncharov, Turgenev, Chekhov, and Bunin to examine these spaces. Embedded in historical context, my project addresses the ramifications of the Emancipation and gestures forward to the historical events of the twentieth century. When high expectations for radical redistribution of resources and status were frustrated, transgression and then violence became the means for servants’ mobility, social and spatial. Russian literature from the “long nineteenth-century” captured the instability of the renegotiations of rights and resources between masters and servants. My conclusion sees the gentry house collapse as a result of these clashes.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-03T12:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Débora Laís Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 2884758 bytes, checksum: 821013806a9c83cd24088b073cf02d4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T12:59:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Débora Laís Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 2884758 bytes, checksum: 821013806a9c83cd24088b073cf02d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research is based on the Critical Social Psychology and aims to analyze the identity policies toward domestic workers. It aims, as well, to identify how such policies shape the praxis of daily life, understanding what could be possibilities of recognition for the worker in this context and how it would be possible to question the current praxis and reinvent labor relations. With these goals in mind, the research problem outlines as follows: Faced with identity policies and its effects on the praxis of everyday, what are the possibilities of recognition and reinvention of these praxis? The social relevance of this research demonstrates itself on the contemporaneity and magnitude of the domestic work, both in political and social terms, such as the increase of media attention and law advancement, as in quantitative terms. The methodological is based on the notion of sintagma identity-metamorphosis-emancipation, using life trajectory narrative. The remaining items are divided into two parts. The first, called "Yes, madam!", demonstrates the routes of socialization, obedience and submission and it is composed by reflections on the importance of socialization on identity formation (chapter 3). The second part, called "No, sir!", refers to the need of questioning social habits and promoting discomfort on the identity policies that have been reproduced. Chapter 5 presents buzzing and noises that the media have occasioned on regulatory identity policies. At last, the final considerations (chapter 6) draw reflections on the historical constructions of domestic work, which are imprinted in the relations on the context of such work: the naturalized invisibility, the work overload and the depreciative recognition. The necessity for a search toward social recognition, in the terms of Honneth (2003) and for the importance of domestic work were highlighted. In this direction, the vindication for more dignified work conditions, toward emancipatory possibilities, was indicated / A presente pesquisa, na perspectiva da Psicologia Social Crítica, tem como objetivo analisar as políticas de identidade voltadas para as trabalhadoras domésticas. Objetiva, também, identificar como tais políticas moldam as práticas no fazer de cada dia, compreendendo quais as possibilidades de reconhecimento da trabalhadora nesse contexto e de qual forma é possível questionar as práticas e reinventar as relações de trabalho. Com estes objetivos, delineia-se o problema da pesquisa da seguinte maneira: Diante das políticas identitárias e dos seus efeitos no fazer de cada dia, quais são as possibilidades de reconhecimento e de reinvenção dessas práticas? A relevância social dessa pesquisa manifesta-se na contemporaneidade e magnitude do trabalho doméstico, tanto em termos sociais e políticos, como o aumento da abordagem das mídias comunicativas e os avanços legais, quanto em termos quantitativos. O percurso metodológico (capítulo 2) foi baseado na perspectiva do sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação, utilizando-se narrativas de história de vida. Os demais itens do trabalho foram divididos em duas partes. A primeira, nomeada “Sim, Senhora!”, demonstra os caminhos da socialização, obediência e submissão. Assim, foi composta por reflexões sobre a importância da socialização na formação identitária (capítulo 3). A segunda parte, denominada “Não, Senhor!”, refere-se à necessidade de questionar os hábitos sociais e promover incômodos nas políticas de identidade que se tem reproduzido. O capítulo 5 apresenta zumbidos e ruídos que as mídias têm ocasionado no que se refere às políticas identitárias regulatórias. Por fim, as considerações finais (no capítulo 6) trazem reflexões acerca das construções históricas do trabalho doméstico, as quais marcam as relações no contexto desse trabalho, quais sejam: a invisibilidade naturalizada, a sobrecarga e o reconhecimento depreciativo. Destaca-se a necessidade de uma busca pelo reconhecimento social, nos termos de Honneth (2003) e da importância do trabalho doméstico. Nesse sentido, buscou-se pensar possibilidades emancipatórias, a partir da reivindicação por condições de trabalho mais dignas

In early nineteenth century Lower Canada, a direct relationship existed between the colony's laws of employment and the nature of its economy. As the artisanal and manufacturing centre of British North America, Montreal, in the first third of the century, had a pre-industrial economy. Its legal treatment of the master/servant relationship was established and directed by masters, and drew heavily upon the spirit of the pre-industrial traditions of English common law, emphasizing the criminal liability of servants failing to respect contractual obligations. Montreal's domestic servants, who were drawn from the poor and popular classes, and included mostly women and minors, were often at the greatest disadvantage in this legal system, because of their gender and economic backgrounds. Not only did their masters and mistresses have economic and social advantages, but they also controlled the legal system.

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Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-25T19:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO CARLOS PAULA DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1045316 bytes, checksum: cc0ea98aa3026020e8942ffd6c38282a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-25T19:45:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO CARLOS PAULA DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1045316 bytes, checksum: cc0ea98aa3026020e8942ffd6c38282a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-25T19:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO CARLOS PAULA DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1045316 bytes, checksum: cc0ea98aa3026020e8942ffd6c38282a (MD5) / A dissertação aborda o abuso do direito à intimidade por parte do empregado, nos casos das revistas pessoais. Inicia abordando o instituto do abuso do direito, sua evolução histórica e a sistematização da teoria, até a sua positivação, conectada com o direito do trabalho. Em seguida, uma análise dos direitos fundamentais, demonstrando-se a possibilidade de exercício abusivo dos mesmos, e ressaltando as peculiaridades que envolvem esses direitos na relação patrão empregado. Após isso, faz-se uma análise dos direitos à intimidade e à vida privada, na defesa de que o uso dos mesmos pode ser disponibilizado pelo seu titular, ligando esses direitos à relação de emprego. Analisa-se, a seguir, o direito de propriedade do empregador, sua evolução histórica e a sua função social, inclusive conferindo, em última análise, dignidade às pessoas empregadas. Com isso, a dissertação defende a possibilidade de realização da revista pessoal, na defesa do patrimônio empresarial, desde que atendidos os critérios sugeridos, de modo a preservar ao máximo a dignidade daqueles que se submetem a essa vigilância. E conclui demonstrando que, se seguidas as diretrizes, a revista pode ser realizada, sendo que a resistência oposta pelos titulares da intimidade, mesmo que em exercício desse direito, afigura-se abusiva.

This thesis serves to highlight the significance of food and diet in the servant problem narrative of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain and the role of food in master-servant relationships as a source of conflict. The study also shows how attitudes towards servant labor, wages, and perquisites resulted in food-related theft. Employers customarily provided regular meals, food, drink, or board wages and tea money to their domestic servants in addition to an annual salary, yet food and meals often resulted in contention as evidenced by contemporary criticism and increased calls for legislative wage regulation. Differing expectations of wage components, including food and other perquisites, resulted in ongoing conflict between masters and servants. Existing historical scholarship on the relationship between British domestic servants and their masters or mistresses in context of the servant problem often tends to place focus on themes of gender and sexuality. Considering the role of food as a fundamental necessity in the lives of servants provides a new approach to understanding the servant problem and reveals sources of mistrust and resentment in the master-servant relationship.

Summaries in English and Afrikkans / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the labour law position of South African farm workers. For three and a half centuries farm workers constituted the most neglected group in the South African labour force. Consequently, an understanding of their present position can only be obtained by investigating their labour history. As in other parts of the world, farm workers in South Africa held a subordinate position to agricultural employers. Discrimination against black persons added to the inferior socio-economic and political position of South African farm workers. White farmers occupied a strong political position during most of the time under investigation, which enabled them to institute and apply discriminatory legislation and informal methods to overcome labour shortages. The freedom of movement of black people and their access to land were restricted to create a cheap immobile labour force. During the 20th century farmers prevented the inclusion of farm workers in labour legislation by exercising their political influence. Pressure by industrial trade unions and encouragement by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) resulted in the adoption of the Agricultural Labour Act which made labour legislation applicable to farm workers, but precluded them from striking and made allowance for longer working hours than for industrial workers. The new political dispensation facilitated the inclusion of farm workers in general labour legislation without any discriminatory exceptions and land reform legislation now protects farm workers against arbitrary evictions. A bill of rights furthermore guarantees the rights of farm workers which were previously violated. It would superficially seem that farm workers' problems are something of the past. Farm workers, however, remain handicapped in exercising their new rights by historical factors and circumstances peculiar to the agricultural sector. Legal comparison with Ontario and California confirms that legislation alone is insufficient to empower farm workers. It is recommended that the government amend existing legislation to accommodate the special needs of farm workers and that relevant ILO conventions, especially Convention 141 of 1975, be ratified to aid the development of unions for farm workers. This will contribute to the empowerment of and social justice for farm workers. / Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die arbeidsregtelike posisie van Suid-Afrikaanse plaaswerkers te ondersoek. Plaaswerkers was vir drie en 'n half eeue die mees afgeskeepte groep in die Suid-Afrikaanse werksmag. Om die huidige posisie van plaaswerkers te begryp is dus slegs moontlik deur 'n bestudering van die regsgeskiedenis van plaaswerkers. Soos in ander werelddele beklee plaaswerkers in Suid-Afrika 'n minderwaardige posisie teenoor landbouwerkgewers. Diskriminasie teenoor swartpersonehet bygedra tot die sosio-ekonomiese en polities minderwaardige posisie van Suid-Afrikaanse plaaswerkers. Blanke boere het gedurende die grootste deel van die tydperk onder bespreking 'n sterk politiese posisie beklee wat hulle in staat gestel het om diskriminerende wetgewing en informele metodes aan te wend om arbeidstekorte te bowe te kom. Swart persone se bewegingsvryheid en toegang tot grond is beperk om 'n goedkoop immobiele werksmag te vorm. Gedurende die 20ste eeu het boere se sterk politiese posisie hulle in staat gestel om te verhoed dat plaaswerkers by arbeidswetgewing ingesluit word. Druk deur industriele vakbonde en aanmoediging deur die Intemasionale Arbeidsorganisasie (IAO) het gelei tot die Wet op Landbou-arbeid waardeur arbeidswetgewing op plaaswerkers van toepassing gemaak is, maar wat plaaswerkers verbied het om te staak en wat voorsiening gemaak het vir langer werkure as vir industriele werkers. 'n Nuwe politieke bedeling het gelei tot die insluiting van plaaswerkers in algemene arbeidswetgewing sonder enige diskriminerende uitsonderings en grondhervormingswetgewing beskerm plaaswerkers nou teen arbitrere uitsettings. 'n Handves van menseregte waarborg verder die regte van plaaswerkers wat voorheen misken is. Oenskynlik is die probleme van plaaswerkers nou iets van die verlede. Plaaswerkers word egter steeds in die uitoefening van hulle nuwe regte gestrem deur historiese faktore en die eiesoortige omstandighede van die landbousektor. Regsvergelyking met Kalifomie en Ontario het aangetoon <lat wetgewing alleen nie voldoende is om plaaswerkers te bemagtig nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die regering bestaande wetgewing wysig om voorsiening te maak vir die spesiale behoeftes van plaaswerkers en dat relevante IA0 konvensies, veral Konvensie 141 van 197 5 geratifiseer word om die ontwikkeling van vakbonde vir plaaswerkers te bevorder. Dit sal bydra tot die bemagtiging van en tot sosiale geregtigheid vir plaaswerkers / Law / LL.D.