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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Planning of a Production layout for a Swedish manufacturing company : A case study at REHOBOT Rotex AB

Shettennavar, Akshay, Prasanna Kumar, Prajwal Yadav January 2021 (has links)
Plant layout is the heart of any production line because if the layout is not properly laid, there can be numerous consequences. Planning a layout for an SME is the most crucial and tedious job for a manufacturer because it is time-consuming and sometimes a costly process. Therefore, there is a need to choose appropriate methods to overcome certain problems and plan a good layout for the SMEs.The purpose of this thesis report is to explore methods that can help to plan the layout according to the requirements provided by the SME. This involves a detailed study conducted to understand the processes at the case company. However, change of layout is not just making changes to the existing layout, but some SMEs must plan a completely new layout where they can start from scratch. Similarly, in this case, a Swedish manufacturing company REHOBOT Rotex AB has provided all the data required for planning the layout. This leads the authors to study the entire production flow to know the current layout and identify the problems that exist in the plant. The approach of this thesis was a case study where the company has provided all the details like documents, current layout plans, and video recording of the plant.The study shows that maximum time is spent in the replenishment of storage and unnecessary movement of materials between the machines in the current facility. These activities can be classified as Nonvalue added or just can be addressed as waste. Therefore, there is a need to implement lean tools and use the SLP method to plan the new layout systematically. This method led to form alternative layout plans that consisted of changes made depending on the current layout. These changes will fetch the advantages and disadvantages that can further help in evaluating the alternatives using WFA. Once evaluated, the layout that turned out to be the best will be suggested and presented to the case company.
192

Doprinos analize tokova fosfora razvoju ciljno orijentisanog upravljanja biorazgradivim otpadom / Contribution of phosphorus flow analysis for development of goal-oriented biodegradable waste management

Vujović Svjetlana 13 October 2020 (has links)
<p>Cilj ove disertacije je razvoj modela zasnovanog na analizi tokova<br />materijala (MFA) i analizi tokova supstanci (SFA) sistema<br />upravljanja biorazgradivim otpadom sa naglaskom na upravljanje<br />fosforom kao resursom. U zemljama u tranziciji kao što je Srbija<br />upravljanje biorazgradivim otpadom predstavlja poseban problem jer<br />se dovodi u direktnu vezu sa emisijama gasova sa efektom staklene<br />bašte i generisanjem procednih voda. Kako bi se razvila strategija<br />upravljanja biorazgradivim otpadom u skladu sa zahtevima EU<br />direktiva, razvijeni model je primenjen na sistem upravljanja<br />biorazgradivim otpadom u Srbiji, i dva alternativna scenarija. Na<br />osnovu rezultata primenjenog modela, sva tri razvijena scenarija<br />upravljanja biorazgradivim otpadom su evaluirana i izvršeno je<br />njihovo poređenje.</p> / <p>The aim of this dissertation is biodegradable waste management system model development based on material flow analysis (MFA) and substance flow analysis (SFA) with an emphasis on phosphorus management as a resource. In transition countries like Serbia, biodegradable waste management is a particular problem due to direct linkage with greenhouse gas emissions and leachate generation. In order to develop a biodegradable waste management strategy in accordance with the requirements of EU directives, developed model was applied to the biodegradable waste management system in Serbia, and two alternative scenarios. Based on the results of the applied model, evaluation and comparison of all three developed scenarios of biodegradable waste management is performed.</p>
193

Enhancing corporate sustainability: Material flow cost accounting as an enabler for circular economy thinking

Walz, Matthias 27 January 2022 (has links)
This dissertation examines the state of development of the environmental cost accounting method material flow cost accounting (MFCA). To counter the ever more serious environmental problems such as resource depletion and climate change, environmental management research is searching for solutions on how companies can use the Earth's resources more efficiently. Unlike financial data, resource efficiency data is rarely used for corporate management. Managers have limited attention and specific goals, which is why MFCA links financial data with resource consumption data, making quantities of waste and emissions more visible and controllable. Regardless of its 30-year history, from a theoretical point of view there is no clear picture regarding the accounting method MFCA. While there are some MFCA case studies that demonstrate that MFCA works for its intended purposes, such as detecting inefficiencies, the rather limited number of individual case studies is not sufficient for a general assessment of the method. In addition, practitioners lack a systematic classification of MFCA into categories of conventional accounting methods in order to evaluate the applicability of MFCA in existing accounting systems. Moreover, in spite of a clear exemplification of the accounting method in DIN EN ISO Standard 14051, there is a lack of knowledge about the reasons behind the low diffusion of MFCA in business practice. With this in mind, the dissertation applies the elements of the constructive approach, an approach to solving practical problems, to investigate to what extent MFCA is suitable for addressing the problem, namely the inefficient use of materials in companies, by considering the theoretical connections and contributions as well as the practical relevance and functionality of the MFCA method. To this end, this dissertation examines the relation of MFCA with traditional methods and principles of cost accounting by means of a survey and a literature review. Furthermore, the contribution of MFCA to improving environmental sustainability is explored. Moreover, this dissertation analyzes the practical relevance of MFCA through a meta-synthesis of MFCA case studies. In addition, to better understand the practical functioning of MFCA, the dissertation uses a survey to investigate how MFCA is embedded in the control systems of environmental management which aim to improve and widen the circular economy. The contribution of this dissertation to knowledge about MFCA in theory and practice is diverse. The theoretical classification of MFCA in traditional cost accounting relativizes earlier points of criticism of MFCA and improves the theoretical basis of MFCA. In addition, the meta-synthesis of the case studies enables generalized statements about the ecological and economic effects of MFCA for the first time. Furthermore, the examination of the relationship between MFCA and environmental management control systems in the company reveals the importance of personnel controls in the application of MFCA. In addition, MFCA has been shown to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals. Based on these findings, researchers and practitioners should be able to better understand the MFCA method and thereby improve the use and diffusion of innovative management instruments such as MFCA. As a result, researchers can contribute to economic and ecological improvements of products and production processes and thus to more sustainable consumption and production, as required in Sustainable Development Goal No. 12.:Summary I Table of Contents III List of Figures IV List of Tables V Abbreviations VI 1 Introduction 1 2 Research articles of the cumulative dissertation 3 2.1 Overview of the research articles 3 2.2 Material flow cost accounting in the light of the conventional cost accounting understanding: attempt at rapprochement (Materialflusskostenrechnung im Lichte eines klassischen Kostenrechnungsverständnisses: Versuch einer Annäherung) (Article 1) 12 2.3 What effects does material flow cost accounting have for companies? Evidence from a case studies analysis (Article 2) 14 2.4 Enhancing the circular economy: Incorporating material flow thinking into business through environmental management control systems (Article 3) 17 2.5 Human needs and Sustainable Development Goals in science and in management accounting (Article 4) 21 3 References 24 Appendix A: Article 1 Appendix B: Article 2 Appendix C: Article 3 Appendix D: Article 4 / Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht den Entwicklungsstand der Umweltkostenrechnungsmethode Materialflusskostenrechnung (MFKR). Um den immer größer werdenden Umweltproblemen wie Ressourcenverknappung und Klimawandel zu begegnen, sucht die Umweltmanagementforschung nach Lösungen, wie Unternehmen die Ressourcen der Erde effizienter nutzen können. Im Gegensatz zu Finanzdaten werden Daten zur Ressourceneffizienz nur selten für die Unternehmensführung genutzt. Manager haben nur begrenzte Aufmerksamkeit und spezifische Ziele. Deshalb verknüpft MFKR Finanzdaten mit Daten zum Ressourcenverbrauch und macht so Abfallmengen und Emissionen sichtbarer und kontrollierbarer. Ungeachtet ihrer 30-jährigen Geschichte gibt es aus theoretischer Sicht kein klares Bild über die Rechnungslegungsmethode MFKR. Zwar gibt es einige MFKR-Fallstudien, die zeigen, dass MFKR für die beabsichtigten Zwecke funktioniert, z. B. zum Aufspüren von Ineffizienzen, doch reicht die recht begrenzte Zahl von Einzelfallstudien nicht für eine allgemeine Bewertung der Methode aus. Darüber hinaus fehlt den Praktikern eine systematische Einordnung der MFKR in die Kategorien der herkömmlichen Rechnungslegungsmethoden, um die Anwendbarkeit der MFKR in bestehenden Rechnungslegungssystemen zu bewerten. Darüber hinaus fehlt es trotz einer eindeutigen Veranschaulichung der Rechnungslegungsmethode in der DIN EN ISO-Norm 14051 an Wissen über die Gründe für die geringe Verbreitung der MFKR in der betrieblichen Praxis. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die Dissertation mit den Elementen des konstruktiven Ansatzes, einem Ansatz zur Lösung praktischer Probleme, inwieweit die MFKR geeignet ist, das Problem des ineffizienten Materialeinsatzes in Unternehmen zu adressieren, indem sie die theoretischen Zusammenhänge und Beiträge sowie die praktische Relevanz und Funktionalität der MFKR-Methode berücksichtigt. Zu diesem Zweck wird in dieser Dissertation das Verhältnis der MFKR zu den traditionellen Methoden und Prinzipien der Kostenrechnung mittels einer Umfrage und einer Literaturübersicht untersucht. Außerdem wird der Beitrag der MFKR zur Verbesserung der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit untersucht. Darüber hinaus wird in dieser Arbeit die praktische Relevanz von MFKR durch eine Metasynthese von MFKR-Fallstudien analysiert. Um die praktische Funktionsweise der MFKR besser zu verstehen, wird in der Dissertation außerdem anhand einer Umfrage untersucht, wie die MFKR in die Kontrollsysteme des Umweltmanagements eingebettet ist, die auf die Verbesserung und Ausweitung der Kreislaufwirtschaft abzielen. Der Beitrag dieser Dissertation zum Wissen über MFKR in Theorie und Praxis ist vielfältig. Die theoretische Einordnung der MFKR in die traditionelle Kostenrechnung relativiert frühere Kritikpunkte an der MFKR und verbessert die theoretischen Grundlagen der MFKR. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Meta-Synthese der Fallstudien erstmals generalisierte Aussagen über die ökologischen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen von MFKR. Die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen MFKR und Umweltmanagement-Kontrollsystemen im Unternehmen zeigt zudem die Bedeutung von Personalkontrollen bei der Anwendung von MFKR. Darüber hinaus hat sich gezeigt, dass MFKR einen Beitrag zu den Zielen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung leisten. Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse sollten Forscher und Praktiker in der Lage sein, die MFKR-Methode besser zu verstehen und dadurch die Anwendung und Verbreitung innovativer Managementinstrumente wie MFKR zu verbessern. Auf diese Weise können Forscher zu ökonomischen und ökologischen Verbesserungen von Produkten und Produktionsprozessen und damit zu nachhaltigerem Konsum und nachhaltigerer Produktion beitragen, wie dies im Ziel Nr. 12 für nachhaltige Entwicklung (Sustainable Development Goals) gefordert wird.:Summary I Table of Contents III List of Figures IV List of Tables V Abbreviations VI 1 Introduction 1 2 Research articles of the cumulative dissertation 3 2.1 Overview of the research articles 3 2.2 Material flow cost accounting in the light of the conventional cost accounting understanding: attempt at rapprochement (Materialflusskostenrechnung im Lichte eines klassischen Kostenrechnungsverständnisses: Versuch einer Annäherung) (Article 1) 12 2.3 What effects does material flow cost accounting have for companies? Evidence from a case studies analysis (Article 2) 14 2.4 Enhancing the circular economy: Incorporating material flow thinking into business through environmental management control systems (Article 3) 17 2.5 Human needs and Sustainable Development Goals in science and in management accounting (Article 4) 21 3 References 24 Appendix A: Article 1 Appendix B: Article 2 Appendix C: Article 3 Appendix D: Article 4
194

Phosphorus Balance of Sweden / Fosforbalansen i Sverige

Wikberg, Karl Anders January 2019 (has links)
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life on our planet. During the past century anthropogenic consumption of P has reached critically unsustainable levels, the mining of finite phosphate rock and the dispersion of this resource could lead to resource scarcity in the future. The need to increase knowledge and understanding for the P system is an essential part of sustainable decision making. In this thesis the P balance of Sweden is characterised and quantified using material flow analysis methodology. Furthermore, the study provides a solid foundation of knowledge and understanding of the current state of P balance in Sweden. Major challenges are highlighted and further improvement potential is established for the Swedish flows of P. The major identified contributors to the Swedish P balance are the consumption of mineral fertilizers, the consumption patterns in society and the waste management. Moreover, there is a need to reduce the emissions of P to the environment in order to preserve natural state. The most effective ways of reducing the emissions are to reduce inputs to the system and improve the system efficiency through technical solutions, political tools and financial incentives. It is important to reduce emissions without shifting of burdens onto others. The anthropogenic activities in Sweden have a significant impact on the environment, this is due to Sweden importing P fertilizer that is added to the system. Nevertheless, there is a large potential for improvement of P resource management, where recycling and reuse of P is highlighted. Furthermore, Sweden has historically proven that political action and financial incentives are effective in reducing emissions. / Fosfor (P) är ett väsentligt element för allt liv på vår planet. Under det senaste århundradet har den antropogena förbrukningen av P uppnått kritiskt ohållbara nivåer, brytning av begränsade mängder fosfatmalm som finns och spridningen av denna resurs kan leda till resursbrist i framtiden. Behovet av att öka kunskapen och förståelsen för P systemet är en väsentlig del av hållbart beslutsfattande. I denna avhandling karakteriseras och kvantifieras P balansen i Sverige med hjälp av metoder för materialflödesanalys. Dessutom ger studien en stadig grund för kunskap och förståelse för det nuvarande tillståndet för fosforbalansen i Sverige. Viktiga utmaningar lyfts upp och ytterligare förbättringspotentialer fastställs för de svenska flödena av P. De viktigaste identifierade påverkningsfaktorerna till den svenska P-balansen är konsumtion av mineralgödsel, konsumtionsmönstren i samhället och avfallshanteringen. Utöver detta, finns det ett behov av att minska utsläppen av P till miljön för att bevara ett naturligt tillstånd. De mest effektiva sätten att minska utsläppen är att minska tillförseln av P till systemet och förbättra systemeffektiviteten genom tekniska lösningar, politiska verktyg och ekonomiska incitament. Det är viktigt att minska utsläppen utan att förskjuta bördorna på andra. Den antropogena verksamheten i Sverige har en betydande påverkan på miljön, detta beror på att Sverige importerar P gödsel som läggs till systemet. Ändå finns det en stor potential för förbättring av P resurshanteringen, där återvinning och återanvändning av P framlyfts. Dessutom har Sverige historiskt bevisat att politiska åtgärder och ekonomiska incitament är effektiva för att minska utsläppen.
195

HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT OF CONSUMER ELECTRONICS IN THE UNITED STATES

Matthew Joseph Bih Gozun (13119435) 19 July 2022 (has links)
<p>    </p> <p>Electronic waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams, spurred by their rising market and demand. However, these devices contain an array of metals that is recyclable for economic and environmental benefit through secondary manufacturing. As the turnaround rate for newer models quickens, consumers are motivated to purchase novel devices, leaving their current ones behind. Focusing on how United States (U.S.) households manage their electronics, a top-down approach stock and flow STELLA model was created to model the lifecycle of eight common electronics. Input data for the model came from a public online survey directed to U.S. household owning adults. From the model, a metallic stock and flow analysis was conducted to quantify the trends, environmental footprint, and economic value of stored devices in U.S. households and how it compares to devices being used, disposed, and recycled. The number of stored devices in the U.S. was found to be increasing annually with a stored amount of over 757 million stored individual electronic devices, nearly half of which originate from cell phones, carrying an economic value of 32.6 billion US dollars (USD) and carbon emissions of 7.6 billion kilograms (kg) from their metallic components alone for the year 2020. Most of the pollution and economic value stems from precious metals (PMs) and in a circular economy, these stored metals can have a significant impact to the environment and economy through recycled. Also, with advancing capabilities of smartphones, the metallic composition for device components of Samsung galaxy smartphones was quantified to assess their evolving metallic content. With the growing market of electronic devices, knowing the value and importance of devices currently in U.S. households is critical. This underlies the influence of sustainable design through a circular economy to push initiatives to manufacture recyclable friendly devices, expand the metal recycling industry, and motivate citizens to properly handle their stored devices. </p>
196

Improving Material Flows By Production Layout Conversion : A case study within the automotive industry / Förbättring av materialflöden genom konvertering av produktionslayout

Holmdahl, Björn January 2022 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to investigate how material flows can be more efficient through the conversion from a functional-layout to a cellular-layout. The study wants to clarify how the production layout conversion can be used by organizations who are currently utilizing the functional production layout to become more efficient. For organizations to invest time and money, they must comprehend how the investment decreases waste, and the important aspects for their decision. To fulfill the purpose two research questions (RQ) are formed, these are: RQ1: What factors impact the decision between functional and cellular layout? RQ2: How can the material flows become more efficient through the conversion from a functional-layout to a cellular-layout? To answer the research questions, a case study was conducted at an organization within the automotive industry. Moreover, the method first used was a preliminary investigation to get a broader understanding of the research area. When the field of study was established, the data collection was accomplished by interviews, observations, and document studies. Moreover, a literature review was done to build a theoretical foundation and to answer one of the research questions. The case company is an organization producing in a high-cost country currently using the functional production layout. The findings of the study suggest what is impacting the decision when converting from a functional production layout to a cellular production layout, it is especially four dimensions that must be taken into consideration, these are: type of production system, production flow, product variation and volume. Further on, the case study suggests that the conversion from a functional to a cellular production layout can reduce the travel distance for the product family by 38.8 %, reduce the lead time by 24.2 % and reduce the amount of forklift lifts needed for the product family by 66.7 % at the case company. Moreover, the implications highlight and elaborate on the benefits of a production layout conversion for increasing the efficiency of material flows within a producing organization which utilizes the functional production layout. It sheds further light on how advantageous it may be to an organization when it comes to align with lean manufacturing concepts. The study offers organizations with a functional production layout an understanding of what they need to consider when and if they intend to move from a functional to a cellular production layout, thus the study gives evidence confirming the difference between the two different layouts regarding efficiency. The limitation of the study is results of the material flows improvements, since the results might be greater at the case company in comparison to other organizations using functional production layout. The study only conducts one case study, which means that the results are not necessarily generalizable. Therefore, it could be necessary to replicate the study in other organizations and contexts to see if the same results can be reached. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur materialflöden kan bli mer effektivt genom konvertering från en funktionell layout till en cellulär layout. Studien vill förtydliga hur produktionslayoutkonvertering kan användas av organisationer som idag använder den funktionella produktionslayouten för att bli mer effektiva. För att organisationer ska kunna investera tid och pengar måste de förstå hur investeringen minskar slöseri, samt vilka aspekter som är viktiga för deras beslut. För att uppfylla syftet bildas två forskningsfrågor, dessa är: Forskningsfråga 1: Vilka faktorer påverkar beslutet mellan funktionell och cellulär layout? Forskningsfråga 2: Hur kan materialflödena bli effektivare genom konvertering från en funktionell layout till en cellulär layout? För att besvara forskningsfrågorna genomfördes en fallstudie på en organisation inom fordonsindustrin. Den första metoden som användes var dessutom en förundersökning för att få en bredare förståelse av forskningsområdet. När studieområdet inrättats skedde datainsamlingen genom intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. Dessutom gjordes en litteraturgenomgång för att bygga en teoretisk grund och för att svara på en av forskningsfrågorna. Fallföretaget är en producerande organisation som producerar i ett högkostnadsland och som för närvarande använder den funktionella produktionslayouten. Resultaten av studien tyder på vad som påverkar beslutet vid konvertering från funktionellt produktionsupplägg till en cellulär produktionslayout. Det är i synnerhet fyra dimensioner som måste beaktas, dessa är: typ av produktionssystem, produktionsflöde, produktvariation och volym. Vidare tyder fallstudien på att omvandlingen från en funktionell till en cellulär produktionslayout minska transportsträckan för produktfamiljen med 38,8 %, minskar ledtiden med 24,2 % och minskar antalet gaffeltruckslyft som behövs för produktfamiljen med 66,7 % hos fallföretaget.  Dessutom framhäver och förklarar fördelarna med en produktionslayoutkonvertering för att öka effektiviteten av materialflöden inom en producerande organisation som använder den funktionella produktionslayouten. Det belyser ytterligare hur fördelaktigt det kan vara för en organisation att anpassa sig efter lean manufacturing ideologin. Studien ger organisationer med en funktionell produktionslayout en förståelse för vad de behöver tänka på när och om de har för avsikt att gå från en funktionell till en cellulär produktionslayout, därför ger studien bevis som bekräftar skillnaden mellan de två olika layouten gällande effektivitet. Studiens begränsningar gäller resultat av materialflödesförbättringarna, då resultaten kan vara bättre hos fallföretaget jämfört med andra organisationer som använder funktionell produktionslayout. Studien innehåller endast en fallstudie, vilket gör att resultaten inte nödvändigtvis är generaliserbara. Därför kan det vara nödvändigt att återskapa studien i andra organisationer och sammanhang för att se om samma resultat kan uppnås.
197

Framtidens stadsnära odling : En fallstudie av stadsnära underjordisk odling

Enges, Karl, Uppsäll, Per January 2018 (has links)
Världen står under en förändring med att en allt större andel av alla människor har flyttat eller flyttar in till städerna samtidigt finns en osäkerhet i hur klimatet kommer se ut i framtiden. Klimatet förväntas bli varmare, mer oförutsägbart samt få ett extremare väder. Detta ställer nya krav på framtidens matproduktion. FN har i Agenda2030 identifierat att jordbruket behöver bli mer motståndskraftigt mot dessa förändringar och samtidigt öka produktionen för att tillmötesgå den ökande efterfrågan på mat. Baserat på studiebesök på två odlingar i Stockholmsområdet (den ena en urban odling baserad under mark och den andra en kommersiell växthusodling ute på landet) samt på litteraturstudier jämförs odlingarna för att sedan diskutera hur de står sig med avseende på hållbarhet och hur de på ett hållbart sätt kan främja framtidens jordbruk och matförsörjning, framför allt med fokus på den urbana odlingen. Odlingen under mark uppfyller en del av FNs hållbarhetsmål men det finns stor potential för förbättring; bland annat med en ökad integration till byggnaden odlingen ligger i och med mer avancerad odlingsutrustning / The world is facing new challenges in the form of climate change and the fact that more and more people are moving to, and living in, cities. The climate is expected to become warmer, more unpredictable and trending towards more extreme weather conditions. These changes will undoubtedly have an effect on agriculture and food production all over the world which is one of the reasons that the UN has identified the need for more resilient agriculture and in Agenda2030 set goals for how to respond to these challenges and at the same time produce more food in order to meet the increasing demand. This study is looking at an urban farming project in Sweden and comparing it to a commercial greenhouse farm in order to identify similarities and differences between the farms and trying to relate them to sustainability. The urban farming project is based underground and relies solely on artificial light which sets it apart from its greenhouse counterpart. By analysing their different ways of producing crop, together with literature studies the sustainable opportunities of future food production is explored and related to the UN goals in Agenda2030. While the urban farm examined in this study might not be able to produce food in a sustainable way urban farming, especially in combination with an increased integration with buildings and industry, is identified as a farming method with great potential.
198

Effektivisering av materialflöde i mellanlagerför stångstål

Asgodom, Aaron January 2022 (has links)
Damasteel är ett företag som tillverkar damaskusstål genom en process av pulvermetallurgiståltillverkning som sker med hjälp av en gasatomiseringprocess. Då Damasteels verksamhet växer har företaget köpt en ny lokal nära produktionsanläggningen. Avsikten är att den nya lokalen ska ersätta det nuvarande mellanlagret. Därför har den byggts om och är nu utrustad med större lagringsutrymme och hanteringsutrustning än det befintliga mellanlagret. I det nuvarande mellanlagret finns detproblem med artikelplacering. Artiklarna blir placerade utan hänsyn till frekvensläggning. Det finns också ett problem med att de olika artiklarna placeras på fel platssom medför att arbetarna kan smida fel sorts stål till order. Det kan enbart upptäckas efter bearbetningen av materialet. Syftet med arbetet är således att undersökahur det nya mellanlagret kan möjliggöra effektivare materialhantering, materialflödeoch spårbarhet. Målet med arbetet är att utveckla och bereda artikelplacering utifrånfrekvensläggning och förbrukning. Ett märksystem ska implementeras för effektivbatchidentifiering, spårbarhet och kortbitshantering.För att uppnå arbetets mål och syfte genomfördes en litteraturstudie om materialflöde, arbetssättet i tillverkande företag och ABC-klassificering. Med hjälp av informationen från litteraturstudien kunde nulägeanalys utföras genom analys av nuvarande samt nya mellanlagret. Genom dubbel ABC-klassificering kunde de viktiga artiklarna uppmärksammas men även upptäckas. I enlighet med ABC-klassificeringenkunde ett kortsiktigt förbättringsförslag utvecklas, vilket består av strategisk artikelplacering och märkning på stängerna och grenställen. Detta för att möjliggöra effektivt materialflöde och mindre påfrestningar för arbetarna. Ett långsiktigt förbättringsförslag innefattar ett paternosterverk för långgods som skulle kunna medföraeffektivt utnyttjande av lagerutrymmet. Paternosterverk skulle sedan kunna kompletteras med ett insticksställage om behovet finns.Artikelklassificering genomfördes med förbruknings- och uttagsfrekvensdata frånåret 2021 eftersom datan från tidigare år inte kunde inhämtas. Resultaten från ABCanalysen kunde ha blivit annorlunda om data från flera år använts. Med hjälp av artikelklassificering kan storleken på säkerhetslagret och kapitalbindning minskas, vilketkan möjliggöra bättre utnyttjande av lagerutrymmet. Nulägeanalysen kan möjligtvisvara bristfällig då författaren saknar tidigare erfarenhet inom lagerstyrning. Artikelplaceringen kan utvärderas i ett senare skede när flera års data kan inhämtas. Livstidskostnaden för paternosterverk i förhållande till företagets behov och omsättningbör undersökas. / Damasteel manufactures damascus steel using a process of powder metallurgy steelmanufacturing, which is done through a gas atomization process. Due to the growthof Damasteel's business, the company has purchased a new premises next to its production facility. The intention with new premises is that it will become the new intermediate warehouse and replace the current one. Therefore, it has been rebuiltand is now equipped with a larger storage space and handling equipment. In the current intermediate warehouse, there are problems with item placement, due to thembeing placed without regard to the frequency of their consumption. There is also anissue with various items sometimes being misplaced which leads to workers pickingthe wrong material for a certain order. This can only be detected after processingthe material.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the new intermediate warehouse canenable more efficient material handling, material flow and traceability. The objective of this thesis is to develop and conduct item placement based on frequencyplacement and consumption. A labelling system will be implemented for efficientbatch identification, traceability and short-bit sorting. To achieve the objective andpurpose of this thesis, a literature review was conducted on material flow, workingmethods in manufacturing companies and ABC-classification. With the help of theinformation produced from the literature review, an observation was able to be conducted. Which was then followed by a current situation analysis of the workingmethods within the current intermediate warehouse and the new intermediatewarehouse. Through the method of double ABC-classification, the higher ranked articles that should be paid attention, could be sorted. In accordance with the classification, a short-term improvement proposal could be produced. It consists of strategic article placement and labelling on the bars and cantilever racks to allow efficientmaterial flow and less stress for the workers. Long-term improvement proposalsconsist of long goods paternoster that would entail efficient storage space utilizationand then can be supplemented with a roll rack if it is considered necessary.Item classification was carried out with consumption and withdrawal frequency datafrom the year 2021, only because previous years data could not be obtained. TheABC-analysis results can be different if data consisting of several years is used. Withthe help of item classification, the size of safety stock and the tied-up capital can bereduced, which can enable better inventory space utilization. The current situationanalysis can be insufficient since the executor lacks previous experience in inventorymanagement. The item placement can be evaluated in later stages when data consisting of several year’s usage can be obtained. Lifetime cost of paternoster in relationto the needs and revenue of the enterprise should be investigated.
199

Designing for Interconnectedness : Strategies for More-Than-Human Experiences

Fischer, Anton, Jameson, Flora January 2023 (has links)
More-than-human design represents a paradigm shift that decentralises the human in relation to the rest of the living world. As part of this movement, scholars call for a new worldview that recognizes the interconnectedness between human and non-human beings. Prior studies have focused on the experience of human-human connections, leaving the more- than-human largely unexplored. Addressing this gap, this study explores design strategies for fostering feelings and reflections of interconnectedness towards the more-than-human world and associated emotions. With a research-through-design methodology, two workshops were conducted, resulting in six key design strategies and an "interconnectedness experience framework". The strategies were evaluated through a prototype in partnership with AquaPrint, a Swedish company that up-cycles fishing nets into designer furniture. Future research should evaluate the strategies individually and in combinations as well as in a field setting. The presented framework and strategies are intended for practitioners as inspiration in design projects to promote noticing the more-than-human world, and encouraging a posthuman perspective.
200

Ökobilanzierung im Kontext planerischer Interessen - Bewertungsverfahren für Bauprodukte

Gruhler, Karin, Deilmann, Clemens 23 September 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Die ökologische Bewertung von Bauteilen stößt in der Praxis auf erhebliche Wissens- und Anwendungsdefizite. Die Komplexität der an Bauteile gestellten Forderungen und die unterschiedlichen Informationsinteressen von Bauherren, Planern und Produzenten erschweren die Entwicklung geeigneter Informations- und Bewertungsmodelle. Eine am IÖR durchgeführte Forschungsarbeit hat die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Ökobilanz als Analyse- und Bewertungsinstrument geprüft. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden methodische Probleme untersucht und ein Bewertungsansatz für Bauteile entwickelt. Es wird deutlich, dass die Ergebnisse der Ökobilanz für den Planer von Bedeutung sind, dass er als Entscheidungshilfe jedoch einen inhaltlich breiteren Bewertungsansatz benötigt. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Bilanz von Bauteilen neben den für eine Ökobilanz typischen Umweltwirkungen um funktionsbezogene, technische, gesundheitsorientierte und wirtschaftliche Aspekte zu erweitern. Des Weiteren wird festgestellt, dass die Bilanzierung von Bauteilen vom methodischen Ansatz her stets eine Kombination aus Produkt- und Betriebsbilanz ist, wobei die betriebliche Bilanzierung aufgrund der langen Nutzungsdauer von Bauprodukten stärker in den Vordergrund rücken sollte.

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