Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscaVC.pdf: 913335 bytes, checksum: bc1e5a5db0a759aae7a0c8b4799aae99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Teaching Mathematics in a contextualized and significant manner, in the world of the child and the adolescent, requires a solid theoretical and methodological basis on the part of the researcher. The present work found this foundation in two ways: teaching with projects and ethnomathematics. It is understood that these ways have points in common, such as: the real, interdisciplinarity, teaching methods, flexibility in sequencing the curriculum and interactive learning. This makes possible a theoretical cross-fertilization, which is important for the teaching/learning of Mathematics. Those points are merged in the present proposal, making possible new strategies, distinct from those of the Traditional Teaching Methodology and giving raise to an Alternative Teaching Methodology, which is to be lived in the Mathematics classrooms. This work gives a new direction to teaching, going beyond the traditional forms of education by allowing the teaching of Mathematics to become integrated with other school subjects, resulting in significant learning. In order to implement the proposal, it is necessary to form partnerships with teachers, pupils and the whole community, so that the way can be traced by continual dialogue / Ensinar Matem?tica contextualizada e significativa, no mundo da crian?a e do adolescente, requer do trabalho de pesquisa um maior suporte te?rico e metodol?gico. A sa?da encontrada neste trabalho foi buscar os fundamentos em dois caminhos: a Pedagogia de projetos e a Etnomatem?tica. Entende-se que esses dois caminhos podem apresentar pontos em comum, tais como: o real, a interdisciplinaridade, a interven??o pedag?gica, a flexibilidade na seq??ncia dos conte?dos e a aprendizagem interativa. Isso possibilita um cruzamento te?rico importante para o ensino-aprendizagem da Matem?tica. Esses pontos fundem-se na proposta apresentada, possibilitando novas estrat?gias, diferenciadas das do Ensino Tradicional, e originando um Ensino Alternativo, para ser vivenciado na sala de aula de Matem?tica. Este trabalho d? um novo rumo ao ensino, indo al?m da educa??o tradicional, ao permitir um ensino de Matem?tica integrado com outras disciplinas e uma aprendizagem significativa. Para tanto, tornam-se necess?rias parcerias com docentes, discentes e a comunidade em geral, a fim de se tra?arem caminhos e di?logos cont?nuos

A presente dissertação traz uma pesquisa sobre a aprendizagem da operação de divisão, com crianças do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo da pesquisa era verificar se, através de uma proposta de ensino em que as crianças pudessem vivenciar a operação de divisão em variados contextos e situações, seria possível favorecer a (re)construção de seus esquemas e provocar sua aprendizagem. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso, com a aplicação da sequência didática elaborada em uma turma de uma escola municipal da cidade de Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul. A elaboração da sequência didática, assim como a análise dos registros orais e escritos de sua implementação, apoiou-se nos estudos realizados sobre a teoria dos campos conceituais, de Gérard Vergnaud, e em trabalhos de outros autores que estudam a construção das estruturas multiplicativas. Foi possível verificar que houve avanços na aprendizagem da operação de divisão por parte das crianças daquela turma. Através dos registros coletados e dos diálogos estabelecidos, foi possível compreender as maneiras como as crianças compreendiam e lidavam com situações de divisão e observar a mobilização e a reformulação de seus esquemas frente às situações vivenciadas em sala de aula. / The present dissertation presents a research on the division operation learning with children of the 4th grade of Elementary School. The purpose of this research to verify if, through a teaching proposal in which children could experience the division operation in various contexts and situations, it would be possible to favour the (re) construction of their schemes and to develop their learning. The methodology adopted was the case study, with the application of the teaching sequence elaborated in a group of a municipal school of Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul. The elaboration of the teaching sequence, as the analysis of the oral and written records of its implementation, was supported by the studies accomplished with the Theory of Conceptual Fields by Gérard Vergnaud, and by papers from other authors that study the construction of multiplicative structures. It was possible to verify that there were advancements in the learning of the division operation by the children of that group. Throughout the collected records and the dialogs established, it was possible to understand the ways children understood and dealt with the division situations and to observe the mobilization and the reformulation of their schemes faced to the situations experienced in the classroom.

A presente investigação tem como ponto de partida o constante desafio e desejo do professor de matemática em construir estratégias que sejam promotoras de aprendizagens de matemática na escola básica. Com essa preocupação, inicia-se destacando a necessária centralidade da pesquisa no estudante e seus processos construtivos do conhecimento. A partir de discussões iniciais a respeito da aprendizagem na Cultura Digital e de indicações da potencialidade da arquitetura pedagógica de Projetos de Aprendizagem enquanto alternativa aos desafios educacionais próprios do século XXI, propõe-se investigar a intervenção do professor, de modo a levantar categorias que subsidiem a ação pedagógica com estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental para a promoção da aprendizagem de matemática na Cultura Digital a partir de Projetos de Aprendizagem. Como trajetória de investigação, distinguem-se duas perspectivas: a pesquisa teórica e a experimental. Busca-se, então, fundamento na Epistemologia Genética piagetiana, especificamente nos processos de Equilibração Majorante – como essenciais para a compreensão estrutural da construção de conhecimento –, nas relações entre a Tomada de Consciência e o Fazer e Compreender – fundamentais para a análise da ação do estudante – e no Método Clínico – imprescindível para a discussão sobre a intervenção do professor dentro de uma perspectiva construtivista do conhecimento. Além disso, discutem-se as transformações advindas da Cultura Digital, suas implicações na cognição do jovem aprendiz e na construção de uma escola da Cultura Digital. Por fim, ainda na faceta teórica do estudo, apresenta-se e analisa-se a arquitetura pedagógica de Projetos de Aprendizagem à luz da teoria piagetiana. Com base no construto teórico produzido, propõe-se, então, o modelo de intervenção que se pretende experimentar A segunda perspectiva da investigação, é desenvolvida por meio de três experiências, as quais pretendem analisar (i) a viabilidade potencial, (ii) a viabilidade prática, a eficácia, e (iii) a validade da proposta pedagógica de promover aprendizagens de matemática via Projetos de Aprendizagem nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e das categorias de intervenção levantadas. Em consonância com os dados produzidos nas três experiências, as análises permitiram, então, a validação da arquitetura pedagógica de Projetos de Aprendizagem como uma intervenção do tipo 1, adequada a construção de uma escola da Cultura Digital, e das três categorias que identificam a ação do professor e definem as intervenções do tipo 2, denominadas: intervenções exploratórias, desequilibradoras e informativas. Considerando, por fim, os resultados e as proposições da presente investigação, aliados à experiência docente no viés da educação matemática e à importância da continuidade da pesquisa do professor como prática constante da sua ação pedagógica, levantam-se algumas possibilidades para a qualificação das investigações sobre a intervenção do professor e suas implicações na aprendizagem de estudantes ao longo da sua vida escolar. / The present research has as starting point the constant challenge and desire of the mathematics teacher to construct strategies that are incentivetor of mathematics learning in the basic school. With this concern, it begins by highlighting the necessary centrality of student research and its constructive processes of knowledge. From initial discussions about learning in the Digital Culture and indications of the potentiality of the pedagogical architecture of Learning Projects as an alternative to the educational challenges of the 21st century, it is proposed to investigate the teacher’s intervention, in order to identify categories that subsidize the pedagogical action with students of the final years of elementary school to promote the learning of mathematics in Digital Culture from Learning Projects. As a research trajectory, we distinguish two perspectives: theoretical and experimental research. We seek, therefore, a foundation in Piagetian Genetic Epistemology, specifically in the processes of Major Balance – as essential for the structural understanding of the knowledge construction – in the relations between the Taking of Consciousness and the Making and Understanding – fundamental for the analysis of the action of the student – and in the Clinical Method – essential for the discussion about the intervention of the teacher within a constructivist perspective of knowledge. In addition, the transformations arising from Digital Culture, its implications on the young learners cognition and the construction of a school of Digital Culture are discussed. Finally, still in the theoretical facet of the study, the pedagogical architecture of Learning Projects is presented and analyzed in light of the Piagetian theory Based on the theoretical construct produced, it is proposed, then, the intervention model to be tried. The second research perspective is developed through three experiments, which aim to analyze (i) the potential feasibility, (ii) practical feasibility, effectiveness, and (iii) the validity of the pedagogical proposal to promote mathematics learning by Learning Projects in the final years of Elementary School and the categories of intervention identified. In agreement with the data produced in the three experiments, the analyzes allowed the validation of the Learning Projects pedagogical architecture as a type 1 intervention, adequate to the construction of a School of Digital Culture, and of the three categories that identify the action of the teacher and define type 2 interventions, namely: exploratory, unbalanced and informative interventions. Considering, finally, the results and propositions of the present investigation, combined with the teaching experience in the bias of mathematics education and the importance of the continuity of teacher research as a constant practice of its pedagogical action, there are some possibilities for the qualification of the investigations On the intervention of the teacher and its implications in the learning of students throughout their school life. / La presente investigación tiene como base un constante desafío y deseo del profesor de matemática en construir estrategias que sean promotoras del aprendizaje de matemática en la escuela. Con esa preocupación, se inicia destacando la necesaria centralidad de la pesquisa en el estudiante y sus procesos constructivos del conocimiento. A partir de discusiones iniciales respecto al aprendizaje en la Cultura Digital y de indicaciones de la potencialidad de la Arquitectura Pedagógica de Proyectos de Aprendizaje en cuanto a alternativas a los desafíos educacionales proprios del siglo XXI, se propone investigar la intervención del profesor, con la finalidad de levantar categorías que subsidien a la acción pedagógica con estudiantes de los años finales de la enseñanza fundamental para la promoción del aprendizaje de matemática en la Cultura Digital a partir de Proyectos de Aprendizaje. Como trayectoria de investigación se distinguen dos perspectivas: la pesquisa teórica y la experimental. Busca-se, entonces, fundamento en Epistemología Genética Piagetana, específicamente en los procesos de Equilibración Mallorante – como esenciales para la comprensión estructural de la construcción de conocimiento –, en las relaciones entre la Tomada de Consciencia y el Hacer y Comprender – fundamentales para el análisis de la acción del estudiante – y en el Método Clínico – imprescindible para la discusión sobre la intervención del profesor dentro de una perspectiva constructivista del conocimiento. Ademas, se discute las transformaciones venidas de la Cultura Digital, sus implicaciones en la cognición del joven aprendiz en la construcción de una escuela de Cultura Digital Aun en la perspectiva teórica del estudio, se presenta y se analiza a la arquitectura pedagógica de Proyectos de Aprendizaje a la luz de la teoría piagetana. Con base en el constructo teórico producido, se propone, entonces, el modelo de intervención que se pretende experimentar. La segunda perspectiva de investigación, es desarrollada por medio de tres experiencias, las cuales pretenden analizar (i) la viabilidad potencial, (ii) la viabilidad práctica, la eficacia, y (iii) la validad de la propuesta pedagógica de promover aprendizajes de matemática vía Proyectos de Aprendizaje en los años finales de la Enseñanza Fundamental y de las categorías de intervención levantadas. En consonancia con los datos producidos en las tres experiencias, las análisis permitieron, entonces, la validación de la arquitectura pedagógica de Proyectos de Aprendizaje como una intervención del tipo 1, adecuada a la construcción de una escuela de Cultura Digital, y de las tres categorías que identifican a la acción del profesor y definen las intervenciones del tipo 2, denominadas: intervenciones exploratorias, desequilibradoras e informativas. Considerando, por fin, los resultados y las proposiciones da la presente investigación, aliados a la experiencia docente en la educación Matemática y la importancia de la continuidad de la pesquisa del profesor como práctica constante da su acción pedagógica, se levantan algunas posibilidades para la cualificación de las investigaciones sobre la intervención del profesor y sus implicaciones en el aprendizaje de estudiantes en su vida escolar.

A presente dissertação traz uma pesquisa sobre a aprendizagem da operação de divisão, com crianças do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo da pesquisa era verificar se, através de uma proposta de ensino em que as crianças pudessem vivenciar a operação de divisão em variados contextos e situações, seria possível favorecer a (re)construção de seus esquemas e provocar sua aprendizagem. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso, com a aplicação da sequência didática elaborada em uma turma de uma escola municipal da cidade de Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul. A elaboração da sequência didática, assim como a análise dos registros orais e escritos de sua implementação, apoiou-se nos estudos realizados sobre a teoria dos campos conceituais, de Gérard Vergnaud, e em trabalhos de outros autores que estudam a construção das estruturas multiplicativas. Foi possível verificar que houve avanços na aprendizagem da operação de divisão por parte das crianças daquela turma. Através dos registros coletados e dos diálogos estabelecidos, foi possível compreender as maneiras como as crianças compreendiam e lidavam com situações de divisão e observar a mobilização e a reformulação de seus esquemas frente às situações vivenciadas em sala de aula. / The present dissertation presents a research on the division operation learning with children of the 4th grade of Elementary School. The purpose of this research to verify if, through a teaching proposal in which children could experience the division operation in various contexts and situations, it would be possible to favour the (re) construction of their schemes and to develop their learning. The methodology adopted was the case study, with the application of the teaching sequence elaborated in a group of a municipal school of Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul. The elaboration of the teaching sequence, as the analysis of the oral and written records of its implementation, was supported by the studies accomplished with the Theory of Conceptual Fields by Gérard Vergnaud, and by papers from other authors that study the construction of multiplicative structures. It was possible to verify that there were advancements in the learning of the division operation by the children of that group. Throughout the collected records and the dialogs established, it was possible to understand the ways children understood and dealt with the division situations and to observe the mobilization and the reformulation of their schemes faced to the situations experienced in the classroom.

Lärare som undervisar i matematik förväntas kunna mer avancerad matematik än vad de undervisar om. Men formell matematikkunskap anses inte vara tillräckligt för att lärare ska kunna undervisa så att ämnesinnehållet blir begripligt för eleverna, de behöver även pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Begreppet belyser en speciell form av ämneskunskap för undervisning och skiljer sig från den matematikkunskap som används av andra välutbildade vuxna. Det har föreslagits att olika arrangemang av kollegialt och praktikbaserat lärande kan utveckla lärares PCK. Ett exempel på ett sådant arrangemang är learning study. Den här avhandlingen handlar om den kunskap om lärande och undervisning i matematik som studiens lärare utvecklar då de deltar i learning studies och utforskar sin praktik utifrån ett variationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Det yttersta syftet med en learning study är att utveckla elevernas lärande om specifika lärandeobjekt, genom att undersöka vad som kan vara kritiskt för elevernas lärande. I ett samarbetsprojekt med fyra högstadielärare genomfördes två learning studies i matematik, under ett år. Lärargruppen undersökte vad eleverna behöver lära för att de ska förstå i) varför en kvot kan vara större än talet i täljaren och ii) olika representationer av konstanterna k och m i räta linjens ekvation. Under learning study-arrangemangets olika steg samlades studiens empiri in och denna består av filmade lektioner, inspelade möten där lärargruppen planerade och analyserade undervisning och elevers lärande, skriftliga elevtest samt elevintervjuer. Studien har en variationsteoretisk utgångspunkt, vilket innebär att lärande förklaras ske när en person ser något på ett nytt och mer kvalitativt sätt, genom att personen urskiljer aspekter som han/hon inte tidigare har urskilt. Studien visar de två lärandeobjektens kritiska aspekter samt hur de kritiska aspekterna gradvis förändrades och specificerades. Förändringen var ett resultat av att lärargruppen fick syn på avgörande detaljer om på vilket sätt eleverna förstod ämnesinnehållet samt hur skilda sätt att förstå kunde användas i undervisningen för att utveckla elevernas lärande. Där av titeln att få syn på avgörande skillnader. Denna form av utvecklad kunskap om lärandeobjektet kan ses som ett bidrag om PCK och vad det kan vara. / It is a common view that teachers need more than formal content knowledge to teach and to make the content comprehensible to others. They also need pedagogical content knowledge, or PCK (Shulman, 1986). It has been suggested that different teacher collaboration approaches may support teachers’ development of PCK (Chapman, 2013, Davis & Renert, 2014; Steele & Rogers, 2012). This thesis aims to provide insights into the kind of knowledge about teaching and learning mathematics that teachers develop through their participation in a specific collaboration approach called learning study. Four teachers of mathematics and their 74 students (aged 15−16 years) participated in two learning studies over the course of one year. The foremost aim of a learning study is to enhance student learning about specific objects of learning and to identify what is critical for the students’ learning (Marton & Tsui, 2004). The objects of learningin the two learning studies were to understand that dividing with a denominator between 0 and 1 gives a quotient larger than the numerator and to understand different representations of the constants b and m in the equation of the straight line. During the two learning studies data were collected from 8 video-recorded lessons, 2 written student tests, student interviews, and 14 audio-recorded sessions in which the teachers and I (PhD student) planned, analysed and revised teaching and student learning. The analysis was based on variation theory (Marton & Tsui, 2004) and focused on what participants considered to be critical aspects of the objects of learning and on the components embedded in that knowledge. The result shows the identified critical aspects of the two objects of learning and, furthermore, how the teachers’ knowledge about those critical aspects gradually changed and became more refined and specified in relation to their students’ understanding. The thesis provides an insight into the value of the teachers’ enhanced knowledge of the object of learning, in relation to how PCK can be understood.

Background, the preschool class has in recent years become a compulsory grade in the Swedish schools. At the same time the academic demands in mathematics increased. Simultaneously the Swedish National Agency of Education called Skolverket points out the benefits of learning through play. The purpose of this empirical study is to find out what kind of play-based methods teachers use while teaching mathematics in the preschool classes, and what might cause these selections. By the method of a case study four teachers were observed while combining play and mathematics in their preschool classes. Even individually interviews were made. The results indicated a variety of play-based methods existed in the mathematical activities in preschool classes. Both between schools and teachers. The majority of the teachers based their teaching more on methods with academic learning rather than play. Education, time for planning, experience, academic demands and the teachers view on play all affected the choice of method. As a conclusion we can submit that teachers in the preschool classes use different play-based methods to establish mathematical learning for their students. While teachers can see the gain of working with play there are many factors that influence the play-based method.

Syftet för detta arbete är att undersöka relationer mellan matematikundervisning och matematikläxor i högstadiet. Litteraturstudien ska besvara vilken betydelse matematikläxor har för elever, föräldrar och lärare. Flera tidigare forskningsstudier har redan visat att läxor är ett viktigt verktyg för elevers allmänna lärande i skolan, men fokus för denna studie ligger på matematikundervisning. För att hitta litteratur som är relevant för undersökningen används sökmetoder beskrivna i metodlitteratur. Litteratursökningen sker i den nordamerikanska databasen ERIC och den nordiska databasen DIVA. Anledning till dessa två databaser valdes är att sökresultat i ERIC kan ge mer globalt perspektiv i matematikutbildning, medan resultat av litteratursökning från DIVA innehåller forskning från nordiska länder, vilka har mer liknande skolsystem som Sverige. Litteraturen ska vara refereegranskad för att den ska ha en god tillförlitlighet. Resultatet från litteraturstudien visar att samverkan mellan föräldrar, elever och lärare i matematikläxor har stor betydelse. Genom att förtydliga utformning av matematikuppgifter samt återkoppling kan lärare positivt påverka kvaliteten hos matematikläxor. Genom automatisk återkoppling blir digitala matematikläxor mer effektiva än traditionella matematikläxor. Forskning visar även att elevernas motivation är det allra viktigaste när det gäller matematikläxor. Föräldrars roll varierar beroende på kulturbakgrund. I en kultur där föräldrar brukar engagera sig i barnens läxor, kan deras roll vara stor, men om föräldrar saknar engagemang i barnens läxor, då är deras påverkan svag. Tänkbar forskning inom området i framtiden kan handla om hur många föräldrar som har förutsättningar att hjälpa barnen med läxor. Eftersom det finns läxhjälp i svenska skolan, kan man också forska om hur läxhjälpen påverkar elevers prestationer i läxor samt deras skolresultat i matematik. Nyckelord: Matematikundervisning, matematikläxor, grundskola, årskurs 7–9, familjens påverkan i matematiklärande / The purpose of this work is to investigate relationships between mathematics teaching and mathematics homework in grades 7 to 9 . The literature study will answer the importance of mathematics homework for students, parents and teachers. Several previous research studies have already shown that homework is an important tool for students' general learning in school, but the focus of this study is on mathematics teaching. To find literature that is relevant to the study, search methods are used that were described in the literature about methods. The literature search takes place in the North American database ERIC and the Nordic database DIVA. The reason for choosing these two databases is that search results in ERIC can provide a more global perspective in mathematics teaching, while results from literature searches from DIVA include research from Nordic countries, which have school systems more similar to Sweden. The literature must be peer-reviewed in order for it to have good reliability. The results from the literature study show that collaboration between parents, students and teachers in mathematics homework is of great importance. By clarifying the design of mathematics assignments and feedback, teachers can positively influence the quality of mathematics homework. Through automatic feedback, digital math homework becomes more efficient than traditional math homework. Research also shows that students' motivation is the most important thing when it comes to math homework. The role of parents varies depending on cultural background. In a culture where parents tend to get involved in their children's homework, parents' roles can be large, but if parents lack commitment to their children's homework, then their influence is weak. Possible research in the field in the future may be about how many parents have the potential to help their children with homework. Since there is study help for homework in the Swedish school, one can also research how such study help affects students' performance in homework and their school results in mathematics. Keywords: Mathematics teaching, mathematics homework, middle school, grades 7-9, the family's influence in mathematics learning

The effects from prenatal alcohol exposure have been found to cause a range of congenital physical and cognitive abnormalities (Chasnoff, Wells, Telford, Schmidt, & Messer, 2010; Kable & Coles, 2004a). The neurological impairments associated with the effects from prenatal alcohol exposure often cause learning problems, most notably in mathematics (Kable & Coles, 2004a; Howell et al., 2006). Studies have indicated that when provided instructional interventions in mathematics, children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure made gains in learning. However, the studies did not provide specifics as to how children with FAS construct the understanding of a skill or concept (Kable, Coles, & Taddeo, 2007; Coles, Kable, & Taddeo, 2009). This study contributes to the literature by examining how children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure learn the concept of equivalence through their use of gestures in contrast to their learning outcomes. Previous studies have shown that children’s use of gestures while learning mathematics assist with the integration of verbal and visual stimuli, support concept formation, and facilitate flexible encoding of problems (Goldin-Meadow, Cook, & Mitchell, 2009; McNeil & Alibali, 2004). The results from this study indicated that children in the Alcohol Exposed group showed little to no learning after the intervention as compared to a control group matched by age and IQ. The study showed that children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure used fewer conceptual gestures while learning equivalence as compared to a control group. According to the gesture analysis, the children in the Alcohol Exposed group mentally represented the concept of equivalence as a series of isolated steps or procedures. The procedural representation was not transitioned into a flexible conceptual format and applied to solve different problem types accurately (McNeil & Alibali, 2004). Future studies need to investigate whether teaching children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure to gesture during mathematics instruction would be effective to increase concept formation, accurate encoding, and learning mathematics / Inclusive Education / D. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Cette recherche porte sur l’amélioration de la motivation à l’apprentissage des mathématiques à l’Université Abdou Moumouni. Elle se situe dans une dynamique globale de mise au point d’actions pédagogiques pour remédier au problème préoccupant de la motivation à l’apprentissage des sciences. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit de prospecter si les environnements virtuels d’apprentissage peuvent contribuer à l’amélioration de la transmission des savoirs dans un contexte universitaire au Niger. Ainsi, notre recherche vise à mieux comprendre l’impact de l’intégration des TIC sur la motivation chez des étudiants à apprendre les mathématiques au Niger. Les trois objectifs spécifiques de notre recherche sont : explorer les impacts sur le sentiment de compétence chez des étudiants à l’apprentissage des mathématiques dans un contexte d’intégration pédagogique des TIC; mieux comprendre le changement des types de motivations autodéterminées à l’apprentissage des mathématiques chez des étudiants exposés à une intégration pédagogique des TIC; comprendre les perceptions de l’usage d’un environnement virtuel à l’apprentissage des mathématiques chez des étudiants et l’évolution de leurs motivations autodéterminées. Se fondant sur une méthodologie de type mixte, cette recherche quasi-expérimentale a consisté en la collecte de données quantitatives au moyen de 2 questionnaires sur la motivation (sentiment de compétence et sentiment d’autodétermination) en pré-test et en post-test. Pour les données qualitatives, nous avons eu recours à des entrevues dirigées auprès de 9 participants. Au total 61 étudiants inscrits en science de la vie et de la terre, dont 51 hommes, ont participé à la recherche. La thèse respecte le mode de présentation par articles. Chacun des trois articles est en lien avec un des trois objectifs de la recherche, dans l’ordre cité plus haut. Les principaux résultats indiquent un impact positif sur la motivation à travers un recul du sentiment négatif de compétence chez les étudiants ayant bénéficié de l’apport des TIC comparativement aux étudiants ordinaires. En ce qui concerne le sentiment d’autodétermination, chez les étudiants ayant bénéficié de l’apport pédagogique des TIC, il est mis en évidence une stagnation ou une légère baisse des motivations peu ou pas autodéterminées et une légère hausse ou une stagnation des motivations autodéterminées chez les étudiants ayant bénéficié de l’apport des TIC. Finalement, la recherche a permis de mettre en relief l'existence de corrélations positives entre l’augmentation des motivations autodéterminées et la perception d’une qualité positive de l’expérience d'innovation pédagogique que représente l’environnement virtuel d’apprentissage des mathématiques. En définitive, cette recherche fait ressortir l’importance de l'intégration pédagogique des TIC pour améliorer les pratiques pédagogiques actuelles, et satisfaire deux besoins psychologiques fondamentaux, notamment le sentiment de compétence et le sentiment d’autodétermination, deux composantes essentielles de la motivation selon la théorie de l’autodétermination de Deci et Ryan. Les résultats obtenus dégagent des perspectives intéressantes en vue de renforcer les recours aux environnements virtuels d'apprentissage au profit de la motivation à l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Les forces et les limites de la recherche sont discutées et un ensemble de recommandations sont émises à l’intention des acteurs académiques, notamment les perspectives assez prometteuses de l’intégration pédagogique des TIC au service de l'apprentissage des sciences en Afrique, et au Niger en particulier. / This study focuses on enhancing motivation for learning mathematics at the University Abdou Moumouni. It is situated in a dynamic development of educational activities to address the serious problem of motivation for learning science. More specifically, it is exploring whether virtual learning environments can contribute effectively to improving the transmission of knowledge at university level in Niger. Thus, our research aims to better understand the impact of the integration of ICT on student motivation to learn mathematics in Niger. The three specific objectives of our research are: to explore the impact on sense of competence in students learning of mathematics in the context of integration of ICT, and better understand the change of self-determined types of motivation towards learning of mathematics in students exposed to integration of ICT; understand the perceptions of the use of a virtual environment for learning mathematics among students and their evolving self-determined motivation. Based on a methodology of mixed type, this quasi-experimental research has included the collection of quantitative data by means of 2 questionnaires on motivation (sense of competence and self-feeling) in pretest and posttest. For qualitative data, we used structured interviews with 9 participants. A total of 61 students enrolled in life science and earth, including 51 men, participated in the research. The thesis meets the format articles. All three articles are related to one of three research objectives in the order mentioned above. The main results indicate a positive impact on motivation through a decrease in the negative sense of competence among students who have benefited from the contribution of ICT compared to regular students. With regard to feelings of self-determination among students who benefited from the contribution of ICT, it is clearly demonstrated in a stagnation or decline in average little or no self-determined motivation and a slight increase or stagnation of the reasons self-determined in students who have benefited from the contribution of ICT. Finally, research has helped to highlight the existence of significant positive correlations between increased self-determined motivation and perceived quality of the positive experience of pedagogical innovation that represents the virtual learning mathematics. Definitively, this research highlights the importance of integration of ICT to improve current teaching practices, and meet two basic psychological needs, including perceived competence and feeling of self-determination, two main components of motivation according to the self-determination theory of Deci and Ryan. The results show interesting perspectives for strengthening the use of virtual learning environments for the benefit of the motivation for learning mathematics. The strengths and limitations of the research are discussed and a set of recommendations are made for academic actors, for instance the promising prospects of pedagogical integration of ICT for learning science in Africa, and specially in Niger.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Helena Ferrao Silva.pdf: 1765995 bytes, checksum: d5d8a80eba8028ab8f87866ee7d926e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / This paper presents a study on the actions taken by teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School, related to the decisions and referrals regarding the students indicated as having learning gap in Mathematics. Our question at issue is: How and why do referrals of students in the 3rd year of Elementary School with Mathematics difficulties occur in the teachers view? The main goal was to analyze, based on pieces of information from teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School regular and special education classes the conceptions related to the Mathematics concepts learning difficulties found by students and the need for psychological referral or pedagogical remedial help. The research development brought indications with reference to the issue of children learning difficulties in Mathematics, their emotions during the learning process and the aspects regarding Mathematics teaching and learning in school. The data arose from semi-structured interviews with three teachers of the 3rd year two from the classrooms and the resource room teacher in two different moments: in the beginning of 2013 school year and in November of the same year; and also the documentation for the student referral to remedial classes and psychological support. During the interviews the participants pointed out that the initial training course didn`t offer them enough theoretical subsidies to perform in the teaching discipline of Mathematics to the initial years of Elementary School. It was also pointed that a lot of the learning difficulties of these students is generally related to Mathematics concepts that weren`t understood by them. Teachers considerations about the referrals of students with learning difficulties were analyzed, as well as their conceptions about how and why these referrals should happen. In addition, the documentation of a 3rd year student who attended the resource class and the psychological assistance for two years was analyzed. It has been concluded that the services of resource class and psychological assistance, both offered by the city council, do not become linked, then bringing little contribution to students progress. The considerations to evaluate the student`s development are evasive, advancing little to identify their difficulties and to show alternatives to those people who will keep working with children, what provides little contribution to cognitive and psychological development. / O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as a??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental, relacionadas ?s decis?es e encaminhamentos referentes aos alunos indicados como portadores de defasagem de aprendizagem em Matem?tica. Nossa quest?o problema assim se configura: Como e por que ocorrem os encaminhamentos de alunos com dificuldades relacionadas ? Matem?tica em sala de 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma rede p?blica municipal na vis?o das professoras? Teve por objetivo analisar, a partir das informa??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental da sala regular e de educa??o especial as concep??es relacionadas ?s dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos ao aprender conceitos matem?ticos e a necessidade de encaminhamento psicol?gico ou de refor?o pedag?gico. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa trouxemos apontamentos relativos ?s quest?es das dificuldades de aprendizagem das crian?as em Matem?tica, das suas emo??es no percurso da aprendizagem e de aspectos relacionados ao ensino e ? aprendizagem de Matem?tica na escola. Os dados originaram-se das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com tr?s professoras de 3? ano duas de sala de aula e a professora da sala de recurso em dois momentos diferentes: no in?cio do ano letivo de 2013 e no m?s de novembro do mesmo ano. Ainda, de documenta??o relativa ao encaminhamento do aluno para sala de refor?o e de atendimento psicol?gico. Nas entrevistas as participantes indicaram que o curso de forma??o inicial n?o lhes ofereceu subs?dios te?ricos suficientes para a atua??o na doc?ncia na disciplina de Matem?tica para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Tamb?m que muitas das dificuldades de aprendizagem destes alunos, de maneira geral est?o relacionadas com os conceitos matem?ticos n?o compreendidos por eles. Analisamos as considera??es das professoras referentes ao encaminhamento de alunos com defasagem de aprendizagem, suas concep??es sobre como e por que esses encaminhamentos devam se dar. Ainda, a documenta??o de um aluno de 3? ano, que freq?entou por dois anos a sala de recurso e o atendimento psicol?gico. Conclu?mos que os servi?os de sala de recurso e atendimento psicol?gico, ambos oferecidos pela prefeitura, n?o se articulam, trazendo pouca contribui??o para os avan?os dos alunos. As considera??es para avaliar o desenvolvimento do aluno se fazem evasivas, pouco avan?ando no sentido de identificar suas dificuldades e de apresentar alternativas para o trabalho daqueles que com a crian?a v?o continuar atuando, o que proporciona pouca contribui??o para os avan?os cognitivos e psicol?gicos.