This study explores to what extent frequent language-related episodes aid language acquisition through collaborative writing tasks for L2 learners. Recent research drawingupon established theories such as Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, including the concepts of the zone of proximal development, the more knowledgeable other, and negotiation of meaning indicates that collaborative writing is beneficial for L2 learners (Watanabe & Swain, 2007; Storch, 2011; Swain & Watanabe, 2012). According to The Swedish National Agency of Education, Skolverket (2018), the teacher is responsible for developing the students’ all- round communicative competence in English. Collaborative writing is one approach that may help the students acquire that competence. However, there is some degree of debate regarding the pairing together of interlocutors who are at varying proficiency levels. That is, some scholars argue that a more knowledgeable other may scaffold the less proficient peer, while others argue that the teacher should not pair together learners who are at different proficiency levels. Furthermore, there are a limited number of studies that focus particularly on secondary school L2 learners. As a result, we investigate what implications the results of L2 learners in control and experimental groups in higher education have for secondary school learners as well.

It has been clear for decades that climate change will lead to devastating consequences, and how these challenges should be addressed is being discussed on all levels of society. One example is the new EU Forest Strategy for 2030 which is a part of the European Union’s work to cope with the climate crisis. However, many of today’s transboundary and creeping crises are subject to challenges when agreeing on common strategies forward, such as the climate crisis. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the theories of sense making and meaning making can help in better understanding these challenges. By studying the disagreements between four Swedish actors and the European Commission on the new EU forest strategy for 2030, this thesis demonstrates a practical example of the challenges to address, in a coordinated fashion, climate change. The research is based on a case study approach with the theoretical framework including sense making and meaning making. The theoretical background is complemented by qualitative content analysis and qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results show that the perspectives from sense making and meaning making help better understand the difficulties in agreeing on common strategies to cope with the climate crisis, with the new EU Forest Strategy for 2030 as the example.

Huvudsyftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka musikens betydelse och hur olika skapande musikers förhållningssätt till yrkes- ochfritidslyssning ser ut. Metoderna som används för att samla in informationen är intervjuer med fyra låtskrivande musiker samt litteraturstudier av böcker och forskningsmaterial inom ämnet. Informationen som framkommer genom intervjuerna, litteraturen och forskningsmaterialet jämförs med varandra i en avslutande diskussionsdel. För att kort sammanfatta mitt arbete har musiken en otroligt stor och viktigt plats hos de intervjuade musikerna och den tidigare forskningen påvisar musikens stora betydelse på en mängd olika plan och ur olika synvinklar. Att lyssna på musik i sitt yrke och på fritiden skiljer sig på olika sätt där informanterna bl.a. är eniga om att inte lyssna på sin egen musik på fritiden, att inte lyssna på radiomusik och att det bästa sättet att lyssna på musik på är att lyssna själv i ett par lurar. I yrkeslyssningen uppstår ett mer detaljerat lyssnande enligt informanterna och de lyssnar definitivt mer metodiskt och kritiskt i studion.

Quantitative analysis of historiographic textbooks in term of Christianity The theme of this thesis is the quantitative analysis of contents of selected integral series of historiographic atlases for elementary schools, in term of frequency of occurrence of Christian coherence. The resolution proceeds in following steps: 1) Searching for outputs of multilayer relations between culture and Christianity in motion of history. Questions on meaning of processes. 2) Meaning of teaching of history in light of curricular documents. 3) Studying of process of textbook creation. 4) Textbook as an educational medium. 5) Historiographic textbook conception. 6) Quantitative analysis theory. Its phases. 7) Practical methodology of quantitative analysis of atlases. 8) Quantitative analysis. Work with atlases. The aim of this thesis is to find out the meaning of the Christianity in contemporary teaching of history, based on the quantitative perspective. Concretely on the frequency of occurrence of Christian connotations in contents of historiographic atlases. Individual atlases and final percentual measuring outputs: Prehistory and Antiquity (1,2 %), Modern Period II. (3,5 %), History of 20th Century (3,9 %), Modern Period (13,5 %), Middle Ages (18,2 %). Total average value of the measuring (8,3 %.) is the...

Title: 'I'm not a looser that lives only in this pub.' Bar ethnography Keywords: bar, alcohol, meaning, guests, norms, students, ambivalence. Abstract: Goals: to understand the meaning of bar visits and activities that take place in bars. Method: Qualitative research using the methods of participatory observations and semi- structured interviews. Conclusions: A bar is common place in which people choose to spend their free time. It is thought of as a place full of fun, consumption, and social interaction. It forms an important part of free time activities. Alternative free time activities are commonly connected to boredom and loneliness especially by individuals without stable social circles outside of bars. Evenings in bars tend to be stereotypical, especially for frequent visitors. The stereotypical environment is a source of much ambivalence. It carries many positive effects (such as stability, certainty, security, anticipation, and known environment) but can be also perceived negatively (boredom, stagnation). A bar is in the Czech cultural context regarded as an ordinary part of life of people maturing to adulthood. Feelings of inappropriateness can arise in case of a long transition to adulthood. This increases the range of ambivalences towards the bar environment as well as towards the activities...

The aim of the presented treatise is to give an account on the temporality in the early work of a french phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, mainly in his principal peace of work Phenomenology of Perception. Merleau-Ponty understands the time here as a movement of temporalization which is coextensive with the existentential movement of the subject itself. On perception, intentionality or memory we will try to demonstrate in what meaning Merleau-Ponty perceive the subject and at the same time what is the role of time in his perceptive, corporeal, pre-reflective relation with a world. Subsequently we will be asking in what sense and to what extent can the time appear to a subjekt, i.e. in what manner can the subject apprehend himself as a historical existence.

The ongoing Covid- 19 pandemic has globally affected aspects such as health, economy and welfare all around the world. The demand for effective communication is to a very high degree a priority from the leading actors in society, such as the media, government and authorities, in order to respond to the spread of infection. The purpose of this bachelor’s essay is therefore, to study how countries like Sweden and Denmark communicate the crisis of Covid- 19, based on Arjen Boins theoretical framework of meaning-making. The frame functions consist of the following: explaining what happened, offering guidance, instilling hope, showing empathy and state responsibility. Meaning making is an important function in crisis communication to reduce political and public uncertainty through crisis communication by the political leaders in crisis management. The political leaders seeks to convince the general public by formulating a convincing message.  The design of this essay is comparative, where the methods consist of a qualitative approach through the use of text analysis. Prime ministers and state epidemiologists will be analyzed on the basis of their participation in press releases. The time period was selected between march-may 2020. The reason for the selected time period is based on the first wave of the virus.  The conclusion of this essay was that there were many similarities and differences in the countries application of meaning making. The noticeable similarities was that both countries have similar characteristics in their communication by helping the nations make sense of the crisis situation. Both countries provide the nation with guidelines which includes, social distancing, good hand hygiene and participation restrictions. However, it differs in how they communicate it. Sweden communicates the providing of guidelines through the assessment of the public health authority, which relies on the responsibility of the individual. Denmark, on the other hand, communicates the guidelines by the Prime Minister deciding on mandatory restrictions, through a total shutdown on society. Furthermore, communication differs on state responsibility, where Sweden used a different strategy which was intended to slow down the spread of infection by not shutting down society. Denmark communicated state responsibility by saying that strict measures are necessary in such types of situations, which allowed for the restriction of civil liberties and rights. The use of empathy and instilling hope were less salient, but both countries did use the strategy by informing that they will beat the spread of the virus together.

The purpose of this essay is that by interviewing experienced history teachers and analyzing their statements, make practical history-didactic insights visible about how history teaching can be conducted to initiate meaning-creating processes, and thus make the subject of history meaningful to students. The survey presented that history teachers primarily perceive that meaningful history teaching lies in being able to see and explain change processes. The importance of emphasizing change processes seems to be largely linked to the teachers' private perception of what can be perceived as meaningful. By creating meaning-creating processes for students, increased interest often emerges and thus lead to deeper knowledge of how something can be or be explained. Meaningfulness seems to be an emotional component. New questions are therefore raised about how much the history teacher's participation, the student base's epistemological perception of the subject of history, and the degree of freedom of interpretation regarding the curriculum can contribute to creating meaning for students, and whether it is possible to achieve equivalent history teaching depending on this context.

Thesis(Ph.D. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / People rely on language for the purposes of trade and communication. However, due to the proliferation and differences of languages and cultures, they experience barriers. These barriers may be costly when communicating in courtrooms. Interpreters seldom fail to provide accurate renditions from the source language to the target language. It often occurs that during court proceedings, the accused and the witness persons are African while all the other court officials, except the interpreter, are non-Africans. The researcher has noted with grave concern the extent to which justice is miscarried as a result of inaccurate or imperfect interpretation of evidence of the African witnesses and accused persons. This state of affairs may have disastrous effects causing the presiding officers to arrive at an unjust resolution or verdict.The aim of the study is to evaluate loss of meaning in courtroom interpreted testimony in the linguistic and culturally diverse magistrate courtrooms of Mpumalanga province in South Africa. The researcher was guided by the descriptive and explanatory methods to use qualitative research method to be able to gather necessary data in order to verify, synthesise and establish facts that defend or refute the researcher's hypothesis. Through a field work carried out in 15 magistrate courts of Mpumalanga the study used semi-structured questionnaires and observation sheets. Fifteen court interpreters, fifteen magistrates and fifteen court managers were involved in the study. Collected data was analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Nvivo software. Results showed that inadequate education, lack of professional interpreting skills, language and linguistic barriers contribute to loss of meaning in courtroom interpreting. / NIHSS

Det finns i dagens samhälle en uppåtgående trend när det kommer till att ta socialt ansvar – hos såväl privatpersoner som organisationer. Att agera hållbart är sålunda ett omtalat ämne som debatteras nu mer än någonsin tidigare. Ett sätt att agera hållbart är att konsumera second hand. Andrahandsförsäljningen har till följd av samhällets diskussioner ökat drastiskt under de senaste åren. I och med att second hand-branschen är aktuell är branschen i sig av intressantkaraktär. Vi har sålunda valt att studera branschen utifrån teorier kring storytelling. Det finns i dagsläget inte mycket tidigare forskning kring storytelling kopplat till just second hand och välgörenhet – vilket ökar denna studies relevans. Forskning inom detta område kan således bidra med ökad förståelse och kunskap inom ett fält som än så länge inte har applicerats i vidareutsträckning. Studiens framtagna kunskap kan exempelvis användas för branschens förståelseför hur de med hjälp av att bygga en stabil röd tråd kring sina berättelser kan bygga sittvarumärke. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga syfte är att undersöka tre verksamma hjälporganisationer i Göteborgsområdet – Erikshjälpen, Reningsborg och Myrorna – som samtliga har en secondhand-butik vars mål är att göra världen en aning bättre. Studien undersöker dessa trehjälporganisationer ur ett storytellingperspektiv för att dels se huruvida deras berättelser på olika varumärkeskontaktpunkter är koherenta eller inte, dels för att jämföra skillnader och likheter mellan de olika hjälporganisationerna. Frågeställningarna som ställdes var: 1. Vilket innehåll och berättelser kommunicerar hjälporganisationerna ut och är dessa koherenta? 2. Vad finns det för likheter respektive skillnader hos hjälporganisationerna i deras kommunicerade innehåll? För att svara på studiens frågeställning har studien antagit en kvalitativ ansats där det genomförts tre fallstudier med ett komparativt inslag. Studien inleddes med en mer omfattandeobservation i vardera butik där butiken granskades utifrån förutbestämda teman. Observationer har även genomförts online på organisationernas hemsidor samt sociala medier för att få enklarare bild över organisationernas kommunicerade innehåll. Sedermera genomfördes tvåintervjuer hos vardera organisation – en intervju med en högre anställd, till exempel en butikschef, samt en medarbetare. Målet med studien var att få en tydlig bild över vilket innehåll de olika organisationerna väljer att kommunicera ut och hur de resonerar kring studiens frågor. Studiens empiri indikerar att det finns en betydelse av att ha en stark koherent berättelse kring varumärket då det ökar organisationens trovärdighet och transparens. Genom att inneha en tydlig kommunikation kring organisationens mål och även till exempel vart pengarna går tillför olika ändamål underlättar detta för organisationens medarbetare då det finns en tendens att kunderna vill ta del av denna information. Gällande studiens tre studieobjekt har samtliga en koherent berättelse, men med en viss skillnad över hur berättelsen förstärker varumärket eller inte. Studien indikerar även att det finns flera likheter samt skillnader mellan de olika organisationerna. Erikshjälpen och Reningsborg upplevs vara mer lika då de både arbetar på ett likartat sätt. Myrorna särskiljer sig till stor del både i arbetssätt men även i vilket innehåll de väljer att kommunicera ut. / In society, today there is an upward trend when it comes to taking a bigger social responsibility for both private individuals and organisations. Acting sustainably is a hot topic that is being debated more than ever before, and one way to act sustainably is to consume second hand products. Second hand sales have increased dramatically in recent years as a result of community discussions about the environment. As the second-hand industry is more than ever current the industry itself is of interesting character. Thus, we have chosen to study the industry based on theories of storytelling. There is currently very little previous research on storytelling linked to just second-hand products and charity which increases the relevance of this study. Research in this area could contribute to increasing the understanding and knowledge in a field that has so far not been widely applied. The study's acquired knowledge can, for example, be used for the industry's understanding of how they can build their brand by building a stable red thread around their stories. The main purpose of the thesis is to investigate three active aid organisations in the Gothenburg area - Erikshjälpen, Reningsborg and Myrorna - all of which opened second hand shops whose main aim were to make the world a little better, thereby benefitting everyone. The study examines these three aid organisations from a storytelling perspective to see whether their stories from different brand contact points are coherent, understandable and feasible if put into use and partly to compare the differences and any similarities between the different aid organisations. This essay will be written in Swedish and the questions this study examines are: 1. What content and stories do the aid organisations communicate and are they coherent? 2. What are the similarities and differences of the aid organisations in their communicated content? In answering the study's questions, the study has adopted a qualitative approach where three case studies with a comparative element have been carried out. The study began with a more comprehensive observation, where each store’s examination was based on pre-determined themes. Online observations were also conducted on the organisations websites and social media to gain a clearer picture of the organisations communication content. Subsequently, two interviews were conducted with each organisation - an interview was held with a high positioned employee, i.e. a store manager and also an employee. The aim of the study was to obtain a comprehensive overview over what type of content the organisations choose to communicate, and how they resonate with the research questions. The study's results indicate that it is very important to have a strong, coherent story built around the brand as it increases the organisation's credibility, benefits and transparency by having clear communications about the organisation's goals and also where the money is spent for various purposes. This helps the organisation's employees and customers to recognise their credibility and sends a clear-cut message as there is a tendency for customers wanting to share this information. Regarding the three organisations they all have a coherent story, but with some differences over how the story increase the brand value or not. The study also indicates that there are several similarities and differences between the different organisations. Erikshjälpen and Reningsborg are perceived to be more similar as they both work in a similar way whereas Myrorna differ to a great extent both in the way they work but also in what content they choose to communicate.