Public trust in the social system and media is falling. Media transformation, new media and social networks point to developments in postmodern societies which have accelerated trust erosion. Fragmentarization and social inequality fundamentally influence the order of today's world, even through the media. I focus in this work on how the trust or distrust in media and media discourse is constructed, what the relationship is between media and trust, how they intertwine and interact with each other. I describe the trust concept from its past history to the present, its meaning and principles of construction in media discourse. I highlight in a case study a concrete mediation of (dis)trust and its construction in the media coverage of the Czech alternative website Parlamentí listy as well as the topic of disinformation in the mainstream media. Based on this analysis, I also describe which social products the mistrust mediation brings and what the future development looks like. I also focus on social inequality as a significant cause of trust erosion, confidence in the media and also ontological security.

Strategic narrative is a communicative tool for political elites to construct a shared meaning to the international politics, to articulate state's interests, to change the discursive environment, and to shape the behaviour of other actors. It has three different dynamics, which proceed simultaneously and reinforce each other: formation of the narrative within the given state, its projection in the international arena, and its reception in other states. Theory of strategic narratives fits well into the framework of new regionalism, which tries to analyse relations between the processes of globalization, globalism, regionalization, and regionalism. Until recently, such analyses were conducted from state-level and positivist perspective. As a result, the dimension of reception remained understudied. The presented thesis is an attempt to fill this gap. It analyses global political economy from the interpretivist constructivist perspective: it uses the leading local newspaper as a data sources and analyses media (news) discourse as one form of a broad societal discourse. Such an analysis can help us to analyse how local society assesses and reacts to strategic narratives and their internalization or rejection by local elites. In my thesis, I focus on narratives of the three superpowers (the US, the EU,...

This diploma thesis deals with the development of tobacco control legislation with the main focus on the Act on protection of health against harmful effects of addictive substances with accent on smoking regulation in restaurants. The main line of this thesis is to determine the competing rhetorical frameworks and the main actors representing the individual frameworks which they present on the level of arguments and then to compare the development of narrative over time. At this level, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the presented rhetorical frameworks with the aim of discussing possible specific attributes that facilitated the process of reframing opposition actors, namely using the rhetorical strategy of narrative attributes of storytelling, technical terms, imagery or comparison. These goals were achieved by using a qualitative analysis of media outcomes and by using public policy documents, legal standards and other relevant documents. Theoretical support for answering the set forth questions was a frame analysis, which was conceptualized on the field of public policy by Rein and Schön along with the theory of social construction of target population conceptualized by Schneider and Ingram. In this thesis, written under the auspices of the case study, four main competing frames were...

In the coverage of the Mayan Train in the Southeast of Mexico, national newspapers have either ignored Indigenous peoples as the main stakeholders affected by this project or portrayed them as victims and enemies of modernization. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the Mexican newspapers, La Jornada & Reforma, have omitted or ‘othered’ Indigenous communities in their coverage of the Mayan Train between March and June 2022. Fifteen articles from each newspaper were chosen to be analysed to show how most of them collectivize Indigenous peoples into a minority that is represented as ignorant and in need. The language used to describe Mayan pueblos in these articles reduces Indigeneity to ideas related to the past, poverty and violence, among other concepts which evidence an ideological disconnection between environmental issues and Indigenous concerns. These media omissions and language choices do not only contribute to the othering of the Mayan identity and individuality which are already threatened by this project, but to a racist and discriminatory treat against them. This thesis aims to bring up questions about the representation of Indigenous peoples in national news media articles, as well as to think about how the rebuilding of these could help influence public mindset to incorporate Indigenous communities in environmental concerns in Mexico.

L’objet de cette recherche est le discours sur l’élève dit à risque. D’un point de vue critique, cette recherche décrit et interprète ce discours par l’étude d’un cas : un débat médiatisé sur l’inclusion scolaire survenu à Montréal en 2016-2017. Intégré aux pratiques en éducation et en recherche, le discours sur l’élève dit à risque véhicule de multiples conceptions et reflète un certain sens commun (Brown, 2016; Portelli et al., 2007; Hardy et Maguire, 2016). Par cette recherche, il est étudié selon l’approche de l’analyse critique du discours (ACD) (Fairclough et al., 2011). L’ACD est fondée sur les idéaux de la critique sociale : la démystification des rapports de pouvoir et la contribution à la transformation sociale pour favoriser l’émancipation (Assoun, 2001). Cette recherche analyse quatre dimensions du discours tirées de la théorie critique par l’ACD : les formes linguistiques, l’explication, le processus de production, de circulation et de consommation du discours et les pratiques sociales. À partir de ces dimensions, une typologie a été bâtie en y intégrant des discours sur l’élève dit à risque identifiés par Portelli et al. (2007) : les discours axés sur les déficits, les discours libéraux, les discours éducatifs officiels et les discours critiques. Une « boite à outils » pour l’analyse linguistique (Wodak et Boukala, 2015) a aussi été développée selon une approche en ACD, celle de l’analyse historique (AHD) (Reisigl et Wodak, 2001, 2009; Wodak, 2001; Wodak et Boukala, 2015). L’AHD s’attarde à des processus discursifs définissant les rapports de pouvoir : les stratégies discursives et les dispositifs linguistiques. Trois stratégies discursives proposées en AHD ont été analysées : (1) les stratégies de références et de nomination; (2) les stratégies de prédication; et (3) les stratégies d’argumentation. Pour les expliquer, les dispositifs linguistiques suivants ont fait l’objet d’un repérage et d’une interprétation : les métaphores et les schèmes argumentatifs. L’analyse porte sur un corpus de textes médiatisés (N = 33) publiés en 2016-2017 dans le cadre du débat : des textes d’un syndicat enseignant (n = 22), d’une commission scolaire (n = 3) et des textes médiatiques (n = 8). La validation des résultats par une analyse diachronique a nécessité la constitution d’un corpus de validation externe (N = 7) réunissant des textes sur des enjeux québécois relatifs à l’inclusion, parus entre 2010 et 2019. Les discours étudiés recoupent des dimensions des discours axés sur les déficits, des discours libéraux et des discours éducatifs officiels. Les discours critiques sont cependant peu représentés. Or, les données n’ont pas permis d’explication évidente à partir de la typologie inspirée de Portelli et al. (2007). Selon nos résultats, pour le cas étudié, la situation des élèves dits à risque est définie comme une contrainte systémique. Une conclusion significative de cette recherche découle de ce constat. En effet, les résultats ont permis de proposer, par un deuxième registre d’analyse, un nouveau type de discours sur la situation de l’élève dit à risque : le discours axé sur la contrainte systémique. / The target of this research is the discourse about the student designated as at-risk. From a critical perspective, this research describes and interprets this discourse through a case study: a mediated debate on inclusive education that occurred in Montreal in 2016-2017. Embedded in education and research practices, the discourse on the student designated as at-risk conveys multiple conceptions and reflects a certain common sense (Brown, 2016; Portelli et al., 2007; Hardy & Maguire, 2016). Through this research, it is studied using the critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach (Fairclough et al., 2011). CDA is based on the ideals of social criticism: demystifying power relations and contributing to social transformation to foster emancipation (Assoun, 2001). This research analyzes four dimensions of discourse drawn from critical theory by CDA: linguistic forms, explanation, the process of production, circulation and consumption of discourse, and social practices. Based on these dimensions, a typology was constructed by incorporating discourses about the student designated as at-risk that were identified by Portelli et al. (2007): deficit discourses, liberal discourses, official educational discourses, and critical discourses. A “toolkit” for linguistic analysis (Wodak & Boukala, 2015) has also been developed using a CDA approach, that of discourse‐historical approach (DHA) (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001, 2009; Wodak, 2001; Wodak & Boukala, 2015). DHA focuses on discursive processes that define power relations: discursive strategies and linguistic devices. Three discursive strategies proposed in AHD were analyzed: (1) strategies of reference and naming; (2) strategies of predication and (3) argumentative strategies. To explain them, the following linguistic devices were identified and interpreted: metaphors and argumentative patterns. The analysis focuses on a corpus of mediated texts (N = 33) published in 2016-2017 in the context of the debate: texts from a teachers’ union (n = 22), a school board (n = 3), and media texts (n = 8). Validation of the results through a diachronic analysis required the constitution of an external validation corpus (N = 7) gathering texts on Quebec issues related to inclusion between 2010 and 2019. The discourses studied overlapped with dimensions of deficit-oriented, liberal, and formal educational discourses. Critical discourses, however, are poorly represented. Yet, the data did not allow for a clear explanation based on the typology inspired by Portelli et al. (2007). According to our results, for the case studied, the situation of the student designated as at-risk is defined as a systemic constraint. A significant conclusion of this research stems from this finding. Indeed, the results have made it possible to propose, through a second register of analysis, a new type of discourse about the situation of student designated as at-risk: the discourse based on systemic constraints.

The Master's thesis is based on the linguistic approach. The purpose of this research is to classify anglicisms in the German-language media discourse and determine their specificity. The study analyzes the printed editions of the German-language magazine “DER SPIEGEL” for the year 2018. This magazine is common not only in Germany but also in other countries, mainly European. It can shape public opinion on selected issues, and is also one of the leading media sources in Germany. This Master's thesis analyzes the concepts of anglicism and media discourse, the specifics of anglicisms is the reasons for their borrowing, the historical aspects of borrowings that entered the German language, the difficulties in their entry into the language, the attitude of German-speaking society to anglicisms, the typologies of foreign-language borrowings and ways of their assimilation in the German language, the concept of the phenomenon of Denglisch, and the main classification of borrowings. The research focuses on the analysis of anglicisms and foreign language borrowings from the third language in the magazines "DER SPIEGEL" for the year 2018 such as their calculation, spread throughout main areas, their classification, as well as consideration of their functions. / Магистерская диссертация выполнена в рамках лингвистики. Целью данного исследования является типологизация англицизмов в немецкоязычном медийном дискурсе и определение их специфики. В исследовании анализируются печатные издания немецкоязычного журнала «DER SPIEGEL» за 2018 год. Этот журнал распространен не только в Германии, но и в других странах, в основном, европейских. Он может формировать общественное мнение в отношении отдельных вопросов, а также является одним из ведущих средств массовой информации в Германии. В рамках данной магистерской диссертации анализируются понятия англицизм и медийный дискурс, специфика англицизмов - причины их заимствования, исторические аспекты заимствований, вошедших в немецкий язык, сложности при их вхождении в язык, отношение немецкоязычного общества к англицизмам, рассматриваются типологии иноязычных заимствований и способы их ассимиляции в немецком языке, понятие явления Denglisch, выводится основная классификация заимствований. В исследовании акцент сделан на анализе англицизмов и иноязычных заимствований из третьего языка в журналах «DER SPIEGEL» за 2018 год: на их подсчете, распределении по основным областям, их классификации, а также рассмотрении их функций.

Данная работа посвящена рассмотрению концептов «свобода», «равенство», «права человека» и особенностей их репрезентации в американском масс-медийном дискурсе. Материалом исследования выступают статьи журналов, газет и онлайн-публикаций американских СМИ, среди которых «The Washington Post», «LA Time», «The New York Reporter», «Daily News», «Time» и др. Первая часть работы раскрывает теорию дискурса в науке, отражает особенности масс-медийного дискурса. Также рассмотрены различные определения понятия «концепт», подходы к его изучению и различные методики. По итогу формулируется рабочее определение понятий «масс-медийный дискурс» и «концепт». Вторая часть работы посвящена описанию лексической репрезентации концептов «свобода», «равенство», «права человека» в американском дискурсе масс-медиа. Рассматривается их реализация в медиа-текстах журналов и газет США, концепты анализируются в соответствии с духовно-ценностной моделью В. И. Карасика. По результатам исследования концепты «свобода», «равенство», «права человека» получают всестороннее изучение на основе их репрезентации в американском масс-медийном дискурсе. / This study is devoted to the consideration of the concepts of “liberty”, “equality”, “human rights” and the specificity of their representation in the American mass media discourse. The research material is articles of magazines, newspapers and online publications of the American media, including “The Washington Post”, “LA Time”, “The New York Reporter”, “Daily News”, “Time” and others. The first part of the research reveals the theory of discourse in science, reflects the specificity of mass media discourse. Various definitions of the “concept”, approaches to its study and different methods are also considered. As a result, a working definition of the “mass media discourse” and “concept” is formulated. The second part of the research is devoted to the description of the lexical representation of the concepts of “liberty”, “equality”, “human rights” in the American discourse of mass media. Their implementation in the media texts of magazines and newspapers of the USA is considered, the concepts are analyzed in accordance with the Karasik’s spiritual-value model. According to the results of the research, the concepts of “liberty”, “equality”, “human rights” receive a comprehensive study based on their representation in the American mass media discourse.

Previous literature, although helpful in demonstrating the insidious nature and effects of Islamophobia on Muslims, does not underscore the varying forms and intensities of Islamophobia that a diverse range of Muslims in the West face and the powerful ways in which race and socio-economic class factor into their experiences, coping mechanisms, and stigma responses. This dissertation contributes to the literature on Muslims in The West in three ways: (1) offering a qualitative approach to understanding the ways in which Islamophobia is perpetuated through media discourse and coinciding political legislation, and is experienced differently by a diverse range of Muslims in Canada, (2) adding the concepts of spiritual marginalization, spiritual homelessness, and social status optimization to the analytic vocabulary on integration and articulating their relationship with identity, and (3) making a connection between race and social class and the response to Islamophobia and articulating their relationship with human agency. In chapter one, I provide an in-depth literature review on Islamophobia in the West. In chapter two, I present the results of a discourse analysis study that highlights the structural dimensions of Islamophobia through media representations and framing of incidences involving Muslim vs. non-Muslim perpetrators of violence. In chapter three, I present the results of a study that showcases group level experiences of racism amongst a relatively powerless group of Muslim refugee youth in Hamilton Ontario and St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador. In chapter four, I provide a contrasting response to stigma by reporting on the experiences and mobilization of a socioeconomically privileged group of first, second and third generation Muslims in Edmonton. Finally, I summarize the conceptual findings of each paper, review and discuss the general theoretical and conceptual contributions of the dissertation to existing literature, and provide suggestions on future directions for studying Islamophobia and Muslim integration in The West. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation analyses the varying forms and intensities of Islamophobia that a diverse range of Muslims in Canada face and the powerful ways in which race and socio-economic class factor into their experiences, coping mechanisms, and stigma responses. The thesis explores three themes: 1) how Islamophobia may be structurally maintained and propagated through media discourse and coinciding political legislation, 2) how Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hate is experienced differently by different groups of Muslims in Canada, and (3) how there may be a connection between race and social class in individual responses to Islamophobia. By adding the concepts of spiritual marginalization, spiritual homelessness, and social status optimization to the analytic vocabulary, this work is a unique contribution to existing literature, and to our understanding of the differing lived experiences of being Muslim in the West and the varying ways in which Islamophobia informs the day to day lives of Muslim Canadians.

Работа посвящена сопоставительному исследованию прецедентных имен в российском и британском массмедийном дискурсе с применением корпусной методологии. Цель исследования: анализ семантических и функциональных свойств прецедентных имён в текстах современного российского и британского медиадискурса в сопоставительном аспекте. Материал исследования составили 100 английских и 100 русских контекстов, с фрагментами, где были употреблены ПИ. Всего проанализировано 356 словоупотреблений прецедентных имен в составе текстов российских и британских СМИ, опубликованных за период с 2020 по 2024 год. Анализ показал, что что большая часть прецедентных имен приходится на политические и исторические темы, а имена известных мировых лидеров встречаются довольно часто и повторяются множество раз. Наименьшей сферой-источником прецедентных имен как в российской, так и в британской прессе оказалась «Спорт». Особое внимание на себя обращают случаи, когда в русскоязычном медиадискурсе большое количество ПИ отмечается именно в заголовках, в то время как в британском медиадискурсе прецедентные имена зачастую встречаются непосредственно в самом «теле» текста статья и не всегда вынесены конкретно в заголовки. В российских СМИ обнаруживается приём, который мы можем обозначить как так называемые «прецедентные ряды» или «прецедентные цепочки». Таким образом, прецедентность как форма проявления интертекста служит повышению эмоциональной, когнитивной значимости сообщаемой информации, более того, способствует увеличению прагматической и эстетической нагрузки текста. / The work is devoted to a comparative study of precedent names in Russian and British mass media discourse using corpus methodology. The purpose of the study is to analyze the semantic and functional properties of precedent names in the texts of modern Russian and British media discourse in a comparative aspect. The research material consists of 100 English and 100 Russian contexts, with fragments where precedent names were used. There were analyzed 356 usage patterns of precedent names in the texts of Russian and British media published between 2020 and 2024. The analysis showed that most of the precedent names fall on political and historical topics, and the names of famous world leaders are quite common and repeated many times. The smallest source-group of precedent names in both the Russian and British press turned out to be "Sport". Particular attention is drawn to cases when in the Russian-language media discourse a large number of PN is noted precisely in the headlines, while in the British media discourse precedent names are often found directly in the "body" of the text of the article and are not always specifically placed in the headlines. There is a method in the Russian media that we can designate as the so-called "precedent lines" or "precedent chains". Thus, precedent as a form of intertext manifestation serves to increase the emotional and cognitive significance of the information being communicated, moreover, it contributes to an increase in the pragmatic and aesthetic function of the text.

Работа посвящена изучению метафорического образа Джорджии Мелони, лидера ультраправой партии «Братья Италии», в предвыборном медиаполитическом дискурсе Италии 2022 г. Материал исследования составили 288 метафорических контекстов, извлеченных методом сплошной выборки из 47 статей 7 национальных СМИ Италии, выпускаемых массовым тиражом (от 100 тыс. экземпляров) и имеющих не менее 1 млн. подписчиков на онлайн-версию издания. В первой части работы рассматриваются понятие политического и медиаполитического дискурса, а также особенности когнитивно-дискурсивного подхода к анализу метафоры. Классификация и анализ отобранных текстовых фрагментов осуществлялся с помощью информационной систeмы экспeртного анализа «Лингвистика». Во второй части работы раскрываются особенности метафорического моделирования образа Джорджии Мелони в период предвыборной кампании в Италии с 21.07.2022 г. по 25.09.2022 г. Деление метафор на группы производилось на основе количественного показателя. Таким образом, к высокочастотным метафорам были отнесены милитарная и спортивная метафоры; к среднечастотным – зооморфная, физиологическая и театральная; к низкочастотным – религиозная, литературная, кинематографическая, экономическая, метафора взаимоотношений и др. По каждому параметру представлены количественные наблюдения в виде диаграмм. Доминантными метафорическими моделями стали «ДЖОРДЖИЯ МЕЛОНИ – ЭТО ВОИН», «ДЖОРДЖИЯ МЕЛОНИ – ЭТО ИГРОК», «ДЖОРДЖИЯ МЕЛОНИ – ЭТО МОНСТР», «ПОЛИТИКА ДЖОРДЖИИ МЕЛОНИ – ЭТО ПРИУКРАШИВАНИЕ», «ДЖОРДЖИЯ МЕЛОНИ – ЭТО АКТЁР». К числу наиболее подверженных метафоризации локусов внимания относятся отношения Мелони с политическими оппонентами и её личностные качества. / The study investigates the specificity of Giorgia Meloni’s metaphorical image in the Italian pre-election political media discourse in 2022. The research material consists of 288 metaphorical units from 47 articles in the most popular national Italian periodicals for July-September 2022. The first part of the paper deals with the concept of political and media-political discourse, as well as the peculiarities of the cognitive-discursive approach to the metaphor analysis. The selected text fragments were classified and analysed using the information system of expert analysis ‘Linguistics’. The analysis has revealed the highest frequency of the metaphors belonging to the source domains «War», «Sport», «Animals», «Anatomy and physiology of the human body», and «Theatre». For each parameter, quantitative observations are presented in the form of charts. The dominant metaphorical models are ‘GIORGIA MELONY IS A WARRIOR’, ‘GIORGIA MELONY IS A PLAYER’, ‘GIORGIA MELONY IS A MONSTER’, ‘GIORGIA MELONY'S POLITICS IS AN EMBELLISHMENT, ‘GIORGIA MELONY IS AN ACTOR’. Meloni’s relations with political opponents and her traits of characters have the greatest degree of metaphorization.