This thesis reports a study of work ethic values, beliefs and attitudes held by medical professionals in selected hospitals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study was in response to the public outcry about the declining work ethic and poor service delivery in South Africa’s healthcare sector. Scholarly interest in the work ethic and its role in economic development dates back to Max Weber’s classical work, which was the starting point for my study. The German economic sociologist published his seminal essay on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in 1904/1905. Since that time, Weber’s ideas on the Protestant work ethic continue to inform and influence studies of the contemporary work ethic, which is thought to have become secularised. My study was informed by data collected in 2009 through a questionnaire survey and personal interviews. A total of 174 doctors and nurses, working in four urban, periurban and rural hospitals near East London, completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire replicated the Multi-Dimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) developed by Miller, Woehr and Hudspeth in 2001/2002. The instrument examines seven critical dimensions of the work ethic, namely self-reliance, morality, (foregoing) leisure, hard work, centrality of work in life, not wasting time, and delay of gratification. In addition, I conducted personal interviews in the same four hospitals with 41 hospital managers, doctors, nurses, and patients to discuss their understanding of the work ethic and its practical application. The study found that both doctors’ and nurses’ overall work ethic scores on the MWEP scale were above average. Although there was no significant difference between the overall work ethic scores of the two professions, doctors scored significantly higher than nurses on the ‘hard work’ and ‘self reliance’ dimensions of the work ethic scale. In the qualitative study, the doctors’ work ethic was rated much more highly than the nurses’ by their superiors and patients; and the work ethic of nurses in the urban hospitals was rated much lower than that of their rural colleagues. In contradiction to the idea of the secularization of the contemporary work ethic, religiosity and religious beliefs were influential in the endorsement of work ethic principles. In line with the notion that ‘happy’ workers are more productive, job and life satisfaction were found to be strong correlates of the work ethic of medical professionals.

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de percepções e atitudes de médicos residentes frente às diferentes situações geradoras de incertezas na prática assistencial aos pacientes. Método: Estudo descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Amostra não aleatória de 90 residentes da instituição. O estudo foi conduzido entre abril e julho de 2013. Para a avaliação da percepção do enfrentamento da incerteza no cenário clínico foi realizada usando a escala \"Physician Reaction\'s to Uncertainty\", após realizados uma tradução transcultural para português do Brasil. A \"Physician Reaction\'s to Uncertainty\", contém 15 itens que são respondidos de acordo com a variante de escala de Likert de seis pontos (discorda completamente = 1; concorda plenamente = 6). Avaliamos os residentes de acordo com o gênero; idade, menores de 26 anos e 26 anos ou maiores; residentes de primeiro ano comparados com os segundo e terceiro anos e residentes clínicos comparados com os cirurgiões, ortopedistas e ginecologistas/obstetras. Resultados: As residentes mulheres mais jovens e os com menos tempo de treinamento (residentes do primeiro ano), tiveram uma pior percepção do enfrentamento da incerteza na atuação clínica quando comparados aos homens (p=0,002) aos >= 26 anos (p= 0,001) e com mais tempo de treinamento (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os residentes clínicos comparados com os de ortopedia, cirurgia e ginecologia obstetrícia (p=0,792). Conclusões: Os médicos residentes mais jovens e com menor tempo de prática merecem um uma atenção especial para um melhor enfrentamento da incerteza na atuação clínica. São eles que apresentam as maiores dificuldades com o tema. Atuar junto a professores mais experientes e a inserção da formação humanística e filosófica podem ajudar aos colegas residentes com menos prática na medicina / Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a characterization profile of the perceptions and attitudes of resident physicians in a general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil addressing the uncertainties related to the care of patients. Methods: Descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study conducted from April to July 2013 with a convenience sample of 90 medical residents who completed the Physicians´ Reactions to Uncertainty (PRU) scale and provided demographic variables of gender, age and specialty. Results: Comparing the Physician´s Reaction to Uncertainty score, authors identified a significant difference between age, year of residence and gender. Physicians who were female, less than 26 years old and who were in their first year of residency and had greater clinical uncertainty than men (p=0.002), older residents (p= 0,001), those in their second and third year of residency (p < 0,001). There were no significant differences by medical speciality (p=0,792). Conclusion: Practical experience and age are important factors in clinical uncertainty in residence groups. The longer physicians are in practice, the less uncertainty they will experience. Ways to decrease the anxiety of and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patient can include: 1) Practice together with experience doctors; 2) Clinical epidemiology; 3) knowledge of philosophy and 4) Humanistic teaching

D.Cur. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of professional conduct by the nursing practitioner in clinical nursing care as reflected in post laparotomy and respiratory disorders in selected public hospitals in the Northern (Limpopo) Province, and to develop a programme to improve the quality of professional conduct by the nursing practitioner in public hospitals. Professional conduct in this study refers to the level of compliance with the SANC/Muller (1999) practice standards as refined by the researcher. The following dimensions are addressed in relation to post laparotomy patients and patients with respiratory disorders: knowledge, skills/competencies, scientifically-based care, recording, teamwork/networking, health promotion, therapeutic environment and accountability. The hypothesis for this study was that the quality of professional conduct by the nursing practitioner in clinical nursing care as reflected in post laparotomy and respiratory disorders is inadequate and non-compliant with the standards and criteria in selected public hospitals in the Northern (Limpopo) Province. The following research questions were addressed: a) What is the quality of professional conduct by the nursing practitioner in clinical nursing as reflected in practice setting of post laparotomy and respiratory disorders in selected public hospitals in the Northern (Limpopo) Province? b) What professional conduct programme should be developed to improve compliance with the standards and criteria? A quantitative evaluative descriptive and contextual survey was conducted consisting of: 1. Refinement of standards by the researcher 2. Baseline survey to evaluate the quality of professional conduct by the nursing practitioner in clinical nursing care as reflected in post laparotomy and respiratory disorders; 3. The development of a professional conduct programme as a remedial action strategy. The data collection method utilised strategies such as the use of trained evaluators, direct and indirect observations, individual and group interviews, and documentation analysis. Population and samples were selected from public hospitals that offer clinical nursing care to both post laparotomy patients and patients with respiratory disorders. The units that offered clinical nursing care to the same patients and the nursing practitioners who provide clinical nursing care to these patients were selected. A three point rating scale consisting of compliance (C) = 1, partial compliance (PC) = 0.5 and non-compliance (NC) = 0.0 was used to collect data. Statistical analysis system was used by the statistician to analyse the data. Individual items were analysed and percentages calculated. Then mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) on individual standard were determined. The results revealed that for practice standard one the nursing practitioner showed partial compliance (M = 0.375; SD = 0.197); practice standard two, the nursing practitioner showed partial compliance (M = 0.355; SD = 0.267) slightly lower than standard one; practice standard three the nursing practitioner showed non-compliance (M = 0.319; SD = 1.211); practice standard four, the nursing practitioner showed partial compliance (M = 0.552; SD = 0.180); practice standard five, the nursing practitioner showed partial compliance (M = 0.397; SD = 0.220); practice standard six, the nursing practitioner showed non-compliance (M = 0.238; SD .= 0.257), the lowest of all the standards; practice standard seven, the nursing practitioner showed partial compliance (M = 0.396; SD = 0.237); and practice standard eight, the nursing practitioner demonstrated partial compliance (M = 0.530; SD 0.267). The first research question was what is the level of compliance by the nursing practitioner with the standards and criteria in clinical nursing care in public hospitals in the Northern Province? The overall results for the eight standards showed partial compliance (M = 0.380; SD = 0.175). The second research question was what professional conduct programme should be developed to improve compliance with the standards and criteria. The professional conduct programme was developed based on the SANC/Muller practice standards as the theoretical foundation. Further analysis was done on contributory factors. There was a relationship between the recording format (78.9% inadequate) and compliance with practice standard three; scientifically-based recording on patient records rated low at all the selected hospitals (M = 0.319; SD = 0.211). There was also an association between supervision/support (85% inadequate) and practice standard six, indicating non-compliance (M = 0.238; SD = 0.257) and practice standard seven (M = 0.396; SD = 0.237). A relationship between availability of stock and supplies (69.4% inadequate) and practice standard one and two, was observed (M = 0.375; SD = 0.197) and (M = 0.355; SD = 0.269) respectively. There was, however, no relationship between staffing and the practice standards;

L’objectif de cette étude est d’appréhender le vécu psychoaffectif des pères de bébés prématurés (Lindberg & al., 2008), leurs relations avec le bébé (Morisod-Harari & al., 2013 ; Ibanez & al., 2006), leur conjointe (Frascarolo, 2001) et les professionnels (Tombeur & al., 2007; Fegran & Helseth, 2009) selon l’approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). Plus spécifiquement, le modèle opérationnel Processus-Personne-Contexte-Temps (Bronfenbrenner, 1996) sur lequel nous prenons appui, a permis, de manière originale, de procéder à l’analyse de la contribution de facteurs d’ordre individuel, familial et contextuel au vécu psychoaffectif de ces pères. Au plan méthodologique, 48 pères ont participé à notre étude au moyen d’un entretien semi-directif basé sur l’Entretien Clinique pour les parents à risque (CLIP) (Meyer, Zeanah, Boukydis & Lester, 1993) et d’une série de questionnaires. Nous avons utilisé des tests standardisés et des questionnaires adaptés à notre problématique : l’Inventaire de l’Alliance Parentale (Abidin & Brunner, 1995), le Parent Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (P-MISS) (Lewis, Scott, Pantell & Wolf, 1986), le Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), (Johnston & Mash, 1989), l’Echelle de Stress Parental : Unité de Néonatologie (Miles, Funk & Carlson, 1993), le Questionnaire Périnatal du Stress Post-traumatique (Quinnell & Hynan, 1999), le Coping Health Inventory for Parents, CHIP (McCubbin, McCubbin, Patterson, Cauble, Wilson & Warwick, 1983) et l’échelle du soutien familial et social, FSS (Dunst, Jenkins & Trivette, 1984). Nos principaux résultats indiquent que les pères construisent un premier lien avec leur bébé mais témoignent également d’un vécu traumatique lié à la prématurité. Les pères présentent une alliance coparentale coopérative et une satisfaction élevée vis-à-vis du personnel soignant. Par ailleurs, les résultats révèlent que le sentiment de compétence paternelle est moins élevé chez les pères de notre échantillon comparé à celui de la population générale. Ils mettent aussi en évidence que le stress paternel est élevé et qu’il va induire un état de stress post-traumatique dès leur séjour dans le service. Pour autant, la majorité des pères adopte des stratégies de coping, telles que le maintien de la cohésion familiale et la communication avec le personnel soignant et les autres parents dans le service. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence l’influence des caractéristiques du contexte, à savoir le soutien familial et le soutien extrafamilial fourni par l’équipe soignante et les autres parents dans le service, sur l’ensemble de nos variables. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus permet de proposer des perspectives de recherche et des pistes d’intervention auprès des pères de bébés prématurés au sein des services concernés. / The aim of this study is to analyse the life experiences of fathers of prematurely-born infants (Lindberg & al., 2008), their relationship with the baby (Morisod-Harari & al., 2013; Ibanez & al., 2006), their partner (Frascarolo, 2001) and the medical staff (Tombeur & al., 2007; Fegran & Helseth, 2009) based on the theoretical eco-systemic approach (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). Specifically the operational model « Process-Person-Context-Time » (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), on which we are building, in an original manner, to analyse the contribution of personal, contextual and family-related factors on the fathers’ life experiences. As per our methodology, 48 fathers of prematurely-born infants participated in our study through a semi-structured interview, based on the Clinical Interview for parents of high risk infants (Meyer, Zeanah, Boukydis & Lester, 1993), as well as a series of questionnaires. We used standardised tests as well as questionnaires adapted to our study purposes: the Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI)(Abidin & Brunner, 1995) and the Parent Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (P-MISS) (Lewis, Scott, Pantell & Wolf, 1986) in order to analyze the proximal processes. Fathers were asked to evaluate their life experiences by completing the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), (Johnston & Mash, 1989), the Parent Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) (Miles & Davis, 1993), the Perinatal Post-traumatic Questionnaire (PPQ) (Quinnell & Hynan, 1999) and the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) (McCubbin, McCubbin, Patterson, Cauble, Wilson & Warwick, 1983). The family and extra family support were measured by the Family Support Scale (FSS) (Dunst, Jenkins & Trivette, 1984). Our principal results indicate that fathers construct an early bond with the infant but also admit to being traumatised by the premature birth. The fathers also exhibit a cooperative parenting alliance with and a high level of satisfaction towards the medical staff. However, the results reveal an inferior sense of paternal competence by the fathers within our sample compared to the general population. The results also show that paternal stress is high and will induce post-traumatic stress symptoms during the hospitalisation of the infant. Though, most fathers adopt a coping strategy, such as maintaining family cohesion and communication with the medical staff and other fathers in the unit. Finally, the impact of the context’s characteristics on all our variables is highlighted, namely family support and extra-family support provided by the medical staff and other parents in the neonatal unit. The results obtained allow us to suggest research themes as well as intervention schemes within the relevant services, towards the fathers of prematurely-born infants.

<p>Sindrom sagorevanja, eng. Burnout Syndrome (BOS) je oblik profesionalnog stresa koji se najče&scaron;će javlja u zanimanjima koja podrazumevaju direktan kontakt sa ljudima, a nastaje kao odgovor na hroničan stres. Ogleda se kroz aspekte: emocionalne iscrpljenosti eng. Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalizacije eng. Depersonalisation (DP) i osećaja smanjenog ličnog postignića eng. Personal Accomplishment (PA). Sprovedena istraživanja ukazuju na visoku zastupljenost BOS-a kod zdravstvenih radnika i njegovu zavisnost ne samo od ličnih karakteristika nego i od mnogobrojnih faktora na poslu. Dokazano je da BOS dovodi do posledica kako na individualnom, tako i na organizacionom nivou. Usled o&scaron;tećenja fizičkog i psihičkog zdravlja lekara i medicinskih sestara/tehničara indirektno dolazi i do smanjenja nivoa zdravstvene usluge sa svim svojim posledicama po zdravstveni sistem i zdravlje pacijenata. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj da ispita zastupljenost BOS-a kod zdravstvenih radnika koji se bave lečenjem obolelih od respiratornih bolesti, utvrdi da li postoji razlika u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na nivo edukacije (lekari i medicinske sestre/tehničari) i u odnosu na radno mesto (zbrinjavanje bolesnika koji boluju od neizlečivih (terminalnih) u odnosu na zbrinjavanje bolesnika koji boluju od izlečivih (kurabilnih). plućnih bolesti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među zaposlenim zdravstvenim radnicima u Institutu za plućne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Кamenici u periodu april-jun 2019. godine kao studija poprečnog preseka. Podaci istraživanja su prikupljeni pomoću sledećih upitnika: Upitnik o socio-demografskim karakteristikama ispitanika, Maslač inventar izgaranja (MBI), Skala izgaranja izvedene iz Kopenhagen inventara izgaranja &ndash; srpska verzija (SI), Upitnik op&scaron;teg zdravlja (UOZ-12) i Upitnik o stresorima na radnom mestu, zadovoljstvu na poslu i motivaciji i opu&scaron;tanju nakon posla. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 165 zdravstvena radnika: 64 (38.8%) lekara i 101 (61.2%) medicinskih sestara/tehničara. BOS je utvrđen kod 47% ispitanika. Visoki stepen EE potvrđen je kod 43.0%, visok stepen DP kod 21.8%, a nizak stepen PA kod 32.1% ispitanih. Statistički značajna razlika u zastupljenosti nije dokazana u odnosu na stepen stručne spreme (40.6% vs. 51.5%) niti u odnosu na radno mesto (45.3% vs. 48.2%). Nema statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na socio-demografske karakteristike ispitanika. Psihički distres prisutan je kod 30.8% zdravstvenih radnika sa potvrđenim BOS-om. Pokazana je statistički značajna razlika u povezanosti BOS-a i psihičkog distresa i u odnosu na stepen stručne spreme (p=0.000) i u odnosu na radno mesto (p=0.000), a ova povezanost je izraženija kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara (p=0.000). Značajna korelacija nije nađena samo između dva pretpostavljena stresora i BOS-a: prekovremenog rada i nedostatka odgovarajuće kontinuirane edukacije. Statistički značajna je i korelacija između svih domena BOS-a i ukupnog zadovoljstva radnim okruženjem. (EE p=0.000, DP p=0.000 i PA p=0.000). Trećina ispitanika sa potvrđenim BOS-om razmi&scaron;lja o promeni zanimanja, a njih 41% o promeni radnog mesta. Sindrom sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih zdravstvenih radnika koji se bave lečenjem obolelih od respiratornih bolesti zastupljen je u visokom procentu. BOS značajno korelira sa psihičkim distresom, a ova povezanost je izraženija u populaciji medicinskih sestara. Nema statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na nivo edukacije, niti u odnosu na radno mesto. Izražena je kompleksnost, varijabilnost i različitost u zastupljenosti pretpostavljenih stresora na poslu. Neophodnost otkrivanja stresogenih faktora i dono&scaron;enje mera sa ciljem njihovog sprečavanja i/ili ublažavanja je nesumnjiva. Unapređenje edukacije radi prepoznavanja BOS-a i prevazilaženju stresogenih faktora kao i iznalaženje novih organizacionih &scaron;ema u cilju eliminacije stresora na poslu trebalo bi da budu jedni od prioriteta svake zdravstvene institucije.</p> / <p>Sindrom sagorevanja, eng. Burnout Syndrome (BOS) je oblik profesionalnog stresa koji se najče&scaron;će javlja u zanimanjima koja podrazumevaju direktan kontakt sa ljudima, a nastaje kao odgovor na hroničan stres. Ogleda se kroz aspekte: emocionalne iscrpljenosti eng. Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalizacije eng. Depersonalisation (DP) i osećaja smanjenog ličnog postignića eng. Personal Accomplishment (PA). Sprovedena istraživanja ukazuju na visoku zastupljenost BOS-a kod zdravstvenih radnika i njegovu zavisnost ne samo od ličnih karakteristika nego i od mnogobrojnih faktora na poslu. Dokazano je da BOS dovodi do posledica kako na individualnom, tako i na organizacionom nivou. Usled o&scaron;tećenja fizičkog i psihičkog zdravlja lekara i medicinskih sestara/tehničara indirektno dolazi i do smanjenja nivoa zdravstvene usluge sa svim svojim posledicama po zdravstveni sistem i zdravlje pacijenata. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj da ispita zastupljenost BOS-a kod zdravstvenih radnika koji se bave lečenjem obolelih od respiratornih bolesti, utvrdi da li postoji razlika u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na nivo edukacije (lekari i medicinske sestre/tehničari) i u odnosu na radno mesto (zbrinjavanje bolesnika koji boluju od neizlečivih (terminalnih) u odnosu na zbrinjavanje bolesnika koji boluju od izlečivih (kurabilnih). plućnih bolesti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među zaposlenim zdravstvenim radnicima u Institutu za plućne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici u periodu april-jun 2019. godine kao studija poprečnog preseka. Podaci istraživanja su prikupljeni pomoću sledećih upitnika: Upitnik o socio-demografskim karakteristikama ispitanika, Maslač inventar izgaranja (MBI), Skala izgaranja izvedene iz Kopenhagen inventara izgaranja &ndash; srpska verzija (SI), Upitnik op&scaron;teg zdravlja (UOZ-12) i Upitnik o stresorima na radnom mestu, zadovoljstvu na poslu i motivaciji i opu&scaron;tanju nakon posla. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 165 zdravstvena radnika: 64 (38.8%) lekara i 101 (61.2%) medicinskih sestara/tehničara. BOS je utvrđen kod 47% ispitanika. Visoki stepen EE potvrđen je kod 43.0%, visok stepen DP kod 21.8%, a nizak stepen PA kod 32.1% ispitanih. Statistički značajna razlika u zastupljenosti nije dokazana u odnosu na stepen stručne spreme (40.6% vs. 51.5%) niti u odnosu na radno mesto (45.3% vs. 48.2%). Nema statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na socio-demografske karakteristike ispitanika. Psihički distres prisutan je kod 30.8% zdravstvenih radnika sa potvrđenim BOS-om. Pokazana je statistički značajna razlika u povezanosti BOS-a i psihičkog distresa i u odnosu na stepen stručne spreme (p=0.000) i u odnosu na radno mesto (p=0.000), a ova povezanost je izraženija kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara (p=0.000). Značajna korelacija nije nađena samo između dva pretpostavljena stresora i BOS-a: prekovremenog rada i nedostatka odgovarajuće kontinuirane edukacije. Statistički značajna je i korelacija između svih domena BOS-a i ukupnog zadovoljstva radnim okruženjem. (EE p=0.000, DP p=0.000 i PA p=0.000). Trećina ispitanika sa potvrđenim BOS-om razmi&scaron;lja o promeni zanimanja, a njih 41% o promeni radnog mesta. Sindrom sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih zdravstvenih radnika koji se bave lečenjem obolelih od respiratornih bolesti zastupljen je u visokom procentu. BOS značajno korelira sa psihičkim distresom, a ova povezanost je izraženija u populaciji medicinskih sestara. Nema statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti BOS-a u odnosu na nivo edukacije, niti u odnosu na radno mesto. Izražena je kompleksnost, varijabilnost i različitost u zastupljenosti pretpostavljenih stresora na poslu. Neophodnost otkrivanja stresogenih faktora i dono&scaron;enje mera sa ciljem njihovog sprečavanja i/ili ublažavanja je nesumnjiva. Unapređenje edukacije radi prepoznavanja BOS-a i prevazilaženju stresogenih faktora kao i iznalaženje novih organizacionih &scaron;ema u cilju eliminacije stresora na poslu trebalo bi da budu jedni od prioriteta svake zdravstvene institucije.</p> / <p>Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a form of occupational stress as a response to chronic stress. It occures most commonly in occupations that involve direct contact with people and manifests as: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and feelings of diminished personal achievement (PA). Large numbers of research indicates a high prevalence of BOS in healthcare professionals and its dependence on work related stressors. BOS has been proven to lead to consequences on individual and organizational levels. The level of health care can be reduced due to the decreased physical and mental health of helathcare providers caused by BOS. It is possible consequences on the patient health and healthcare system raises the need for further investigation. The aim of this research was to examine the prevalence of BOS among healthcare providers treating patients with respiratory diseases, to determine difference in the prevalnce of BOS regarding to education level (physicians vs. nurses), and regarding workplace (terminal vs. curable respiratory diseases). This exploratory study was conducted among healthcare providers at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in the period April-June 2019 as a cross-sectional study Quantitative and qualitative data were collectedtrough survey using the following questionnaires: Questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, Maslach burnout inventory (MBI), Work burnout scale from the Copenhagen burnout inventory &ndash; serbian version (SI), General health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Questionnaire on workplace stressors, job satisfaction, motivation and after work relaxation. Out of total 165 healthcare professionals 64 (38.8%) were physicians and 101 (61.2%) nurses. Prevalence of BOS was 47%. High level of EE was confirmed in 43.0%, of DP in 21.8%, and low level of PA in 32.1%. No statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the education (40.6% vs. 51.5%) nor the workplace (45.3% vs. 48.2%). There were no statistically significant difference in socio-demographic characteristics. Psychological distress was present in 30.8% of healthcare professionals with BOS. Statistically significant difference was observed between BOS and psychological distress in terms of educational level (p = 0.000) and workplace (p = 0.000) This correlation was more accentuated in nurses (p = 0.000). Significant correlation was not confirmed only between two perceived stressors and BOS: job overtime and lack of appropriate education. A statistically significant correlation was observed between all domains of BOS and overall job satisfaction. (EE p = 0.000, DP p = 0.000 and PA p = 0.000). One third of respondents with observed BOS are thinking about changing occupation, and 41% of them changing workplace. Prevalence of burnout syndrome among physicians and nurses caring for patients with respiratory diseases is high regardless of education level or workplace. It significantly correlates with level of psychological distress which is is more accentuated among nurses. There is no diference in BOS prevalence regarding neither educational level nor workplace. The complexity, variability and diversity of assumed work stressors is undoubtley related to BOS. The need for determination of job stressor and actions in order to prevent and/or mitigate them is beyond doubt. Improvement of recognition and overcoming stress factors and finding new organizational charts to eliminate potential stressors at work should be one of the priorities of any healthcare institution.</p>

MPH / Department of Public Health / Workplaces are important settings for health promotion and disease prevention. Participation in sport and recreation can lead to improved health of individuals and increased productivity levels at work places. Despite the health benefits of sports and recreation and the approval of the workplace sports and recreation policy in the Limpopo Department of Health, many employees still do not participate, even when invited for games. The aim of the study was to determine the perceived factors influencing participation of non-medical staff members in workplace sports and recreation at Elim Hospital using the constructs of the Health Belief Model. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The population were all non-medical staff members of Elim Hospital. A total sample of 222 non-medical staff members of Elim Hospital were used for the study. Participants were divided into three categories, depending on the type of their work. A researcher-administered structured questionnaire based on the construct of the Health Belief Model was used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the data. A descriptive statistical method was used to analyse frequencies and Chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance of correlations between the different variables. A probability level of 0.05 or less was used to indicate statistical significance. The study revealed that the rate / level of participation in workplace sports and recreation among non-medical staff members at Elim Hospital was low (30%). Participants perceived themselves mainly as less susceptible and not susceptible to NCDs. The major barriers to participation that were identified include lack of awareness of the sports and recreation policy as well as busy work schedule. There was a significant relationship between participation and age of respondents, as well as between participation and occupation category. Educational programme geared towards increasing awareness of employees on the policy as well as on benefits of sports and recreation can significantly improve participation in workplace sports and recreation.

This thesis deals with the proposal of competence change of dental technicians in the form of foreign model of denturist/clinical dental technician profession. The thesis includes draft of change management process of competences for non-medical medical staff in the Czech dentistry. The thesis also examines the opinions and attitudes of dental technicians towards given design of competencies and includes analysis and mapping of interest groups. In the theoretical part, terminology and legislation of the current model of dentistry in the Czech Republic is described. An issue of removable replacements as one of the areas of performance of dentists are defined in depth. It also defines the subject of removable replacements in statistical, demographic and economic contexts. Moreover, it describes models of multidisciplinary teams used in the Czech Republic and abroad. Lastly, the theory needed for change management is described and also includes hypothetical proposal of change of competencies of dental technicians, which among other things characterises used models for change implementation. The empirical part comprises of the process of competence change in dental technicians, analysis of interest groups and mapping of attitudes of interest groups. Also, it analyses the results of survey which...

Bakgrund: Kommunikationsverktyget Situation, Bakgrund, Aktuellt och Rekommendation (SBAR) har visat sig drastiskt sänka rapporteringstid, ökat rapporteringseffektiviteten och förbättrat patientsäkerheten. I dagsläget rekommenderas SBAR av myndigheter, organisationer och forskare. Trots användningsbarheten av SBAR finns det bristande forskning kring vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av verktyget. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att rapportera enligt SBAR. Metod: Detta examensarbete är en litteraturstudie och analysmetoden är en allmän litteraturöversikt. Tre kvalitativa, fyra kvantitativa och tre mixade studier har analyserats i detta arbete. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades under analysprocessen. Dessa teman var: Förståelse för SBAR-strukturen, Prioriteringar i omvårdnaden, Kommunikationsstruktur samt Arbetstillfredsställelse. Slutsats: SBAR ger vårdpersonalen ett gemensamt språk genom att alla utgår från samma rapporteringsstruktur. Vårdpersonalen ansåg att SBAR ökar patientsäkerheten samt ökade känslan av självsäkerhet. Överväldigande positiva attityder mot SBAR men skillnader förekom. Skillnader i förståelse för SBAR och hur tidskrävande SBAR ansågs vara. / Background: The Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation (SBAR) communication tool has shown to drastically lower report-time, improve report efficiency and improve patient safety. Today, the use of SBAR is recommended by authorities, organizations, and researchers. Despite the usefulness of SBAR, little research has been done about the experiences of medical staff in the use of this tool. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the experiences of medical staff in reporting according to the SBAR communication tool. Method: This exam is a literature review. Analysing three qualitative, four quantitative and three mixed studies. Results: Four themes were discovered during the analysing process. These themes were: Understanding of the SBAR-structure, Prioritization in nursing, Communication structure, Work satisfaction. Conclusion: SBAR provides a common language for medical staff by equipping them with a shared end-of-shift reporting structure. Medical staff perceived SBAR to increase patient safety and also increased self-confidence amongst staff. Overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards SBAR were found, although differences in attitudes did occur. Differences in the understanding of the SBAR structure occurred as well as variances in the perceived time consumption of the SBAR tool.

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