Bakgrund: Afasi innebär en språknedsättning som påverkar personens förmåga att uttrycka sig och förstå vad som sägs. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i vårdandet av patienter med afasi och kommunikationen är ett betydande verktyg för att en god vårdrelation ska kunna upprättas. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans kommunikation med patienter med afasi. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar; sju kvalitativa, två kvantitativa och en artikel med mixad metod. Resultat: Utifrån dataanalysen identifierades tre teman. Omgivningsfaktorer, kompetensrelaterade faktorer samt attityder och känslor som påverkande faktorer. Faktorerna som framkom och utgjorde hinder för kommunikationen med patienter med afasi var stress och hög arbetsbelastning, bristande kompetens samt negativa attityder och känslor. Ökad kompetens samt positiva känslor och attityder var faktorer som underlättade kommunikationen. Slutsats: Tidsbrist, hög arbetsbelastning, bristande kompetens samt negativa attityder och känslor utgjorde hinder för en framgångsrik kommunikation. Dessa faktorer ledde till stress, osäkerhet och undvikande i interaktioner med patienter med afasi. Ökad kompetens samt positiva attityder och känslor var faktorer som stärkte vårdrelationen och främjade kommunikationen. / Background: Aphasia is a language impairment that affects a person's ability to express themselves and understand what is being said. The nurse plays a crucial role in the care of these patients, and communication is a significant tool for establishing a therapeutic relationship. Aim: The aim was to describe factors influencing the nurse's communication with patients with aphasia. Method: Literature review based on ten scientific articles: seven qualitative, two quantitative and one mixed-method study. Results: Based on the data analysis, three themes were identified. Environmental factors, competence-related factors and factors influenced by attitudes and emotions. Factors that emerged and constituted barriers to communication were stress and high workload, lack of competence, as well as negative attitudes and emotions. Increased competence, along with positive emotions and attitudes, served as facilitating factors for communication. Conclusions: Lack of time, high workload, lack of competence and negative attitudes and feelings were obstacles to successful communication. These factors led to stress, uncertainty and avoidance in interactions with patients with aphasia. Increased competence as well as positive attitudes and feelings were factors that strengthened the care relationship and promoted communication.

Clinical practice is the core of nursing education during which the student is socialized into the nursing profession. During this period, there is transfer of knowledge and skill from qualified nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team to student nurses. The purpose of this study is to describe and explore student nurse’s experiences of clinical accompaniment in a public hospital in Gauteng Province by means of a qualitative approach that included the exploratory, descriptive and contextual study. Three focus group interviews were conducted with students and one with clinical accompanists. Qualitative methods included categorizing and coding. The major findings of the research revealed that participants regarded relationships and communication as important for clinical accompaniment. Both student nurses and unit supervisors expected nurse facilitators to accompany students in clinical settings; but some hospital staff members did not perceive clinical accompaniment to be their task. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived availability of opportunities for promotion, training, career progression, existing management style and voluntary staff turnover intention among the nurses working in Mengo Hospital. A quantitative, descriptive correlational design was used. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Full time staff nurses (N= 235) were surveyed. The findings revealed that all the four variables were significantly and negatively correlated to the intention to leave and predicted 16.8 percent of the variance in intention to leave scores. Management style was the strongest predictor of intent to leave (14.5%). Nurses perceiving their managers as participatory had lower intention to leave. To retain qualified personnel, hospital administrators should focus on participative management style and career development programs that address the needs of the staff and the hospital / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de percepções e atitudes de médicos residentes frente às diferentes situações geradoras de incertezas na prática assistencial aos pacientes. Método: Estudo descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Amostra não aleatória de 90 residentes da instituição. O estudo foi conduzido entre abril e julho de 2013. Para a avaliação da percepção do enfrentamento da incerteza no cenário clínico foi realizada usando a escala \"Physician Reaction\'s to Uncertainty\", após realizados uma tradução transcultural para português do Brasil. A \"Physician Reaction\'s to Uncertainty\", contém 15 itens que são respondidos de acordo com a variante de escala de Likert de seis pontos (discorda completamente = 1; concorda plenamente = 6). Avaliamos os residentes de acordo com o gênero; idade, menores de 26 anos e 26 anos ou maiores; residentes de primeiro ano comparados com os segundo e terceiro anos e residentes clínicos comparados com os cirurgiões, ortopedistas e ginecologistas/obstetras. Resultados: As residentes mulheres mais jovens e os com menos tempo de treinamento (residentes do primeiro ano), tiveram uma pior percepção do enfrentamento da incerteza na atuação clínica quando comparados aos homens (p=0,002) aos >= 26 anos (p= 0,001) e com mais tempo de treinamento (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os residentes clínicos comparados com os de ortopedia, cirurgia e ginecologia obstetrícia (p=0,792). Conclusões: Os médicos residentes mais jovens e com menor tempo de prática merecem um uma atenção especial para um melhor enfrentamento da incerteza na atuação clínica. São eles que apresentam as maiores dificuldades com o tema. Atuar junto a professores mais experientes e a inserção da formação humanística e filosófica podem ajudar aos colegas residentes com menos prática na medicina / Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a characterization profile of the perceptions and attitudes of resident physicians in a general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil addressing the uncertainties related to the care of patients. Methods: Descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study conducted from April to July 2013 with a convenience sample of 90 medical residents who completed the Physicians´ Reactions to Uncertainty (PRU) scale and provided demographic variables of gender, age and specialty. Results: Comparing the Physician´s Reaction to Uncertainty score, authors identified a significant difference between age, year of residence and gender. Physicians who were female, less than 26 years old and who were in their first year of residency and had greater clinical uncertainty than men (p=0.002), older residents (p= 0,001), those in their second and third year of residency (p < 0,001). There were no significant differences by medical speciality (p=0,792). Conclusion: Practical experience and age are important factors in clinical uncertainty in residence groups. The longer physicians are in practice, the less uncertainty they will experience. Ways to decrease the anxiety of and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patient can include: 1) Practice together with experience doctors; 2) Clinical epidemiology; 3) knowledge of philosophy and 4) Humanistic teaching

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-07-04T13:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilareginateixeira_dissert.pdf: 1287104 bytes, checksum: a269b27e77e978f8e9c4e0c06260c813 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T13:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilareginateixeira_dissert.pdf: 1287104 bytes, checksum: a269b27e77e978f8e9c4e0c06260c813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / Introduction: The medical residency is a teaching mode characterized by in-service training under supervision at all times. Comprises an intense and thorough work experience, makes professionals a group at risk for developing emotional disorders and dysfunctions, professionals with high incidence of anxiety and depression. Despite causing harmful effects on sensitivity of doctors in relation to patients, in the academic and professional performance, health, well-being and quality of life, contributes to enhancing skills, self-confidence and security professionals. Objectives: To evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression and work engagement in professionals enrolled in a Residency Program in Pediatrics of an educational institution in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study of population base, among the professionals enrolled in the medical residency program in Pediatrics. The data were collected between the months of november, 2013 to february, 2014, using instruments: an elaborate by the authors, for Demographic data collection, the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), the Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results: 36 residents participated in the study. There was a predominance of females (91.4%), median age 28 years (minimum: 25; maximum: 34), singles (86.11%), family income from 10 or more wages (47.1%), workday of 12 hours or more (55.6%), without physical activity (55.5%) and leisure (44.2%), with another employment (71.4%) satisfied with the job (88.9%) and thought about quitting the programme (52.8%). The engagement ranged from 3.56 to 4.28. The dimension Dedication obtained high index (4.28 ± 1.12) and dimensions, Force Absorption and Engagement, (3.58 ± 3.56 ± 0.98 1.00; and 3.78 ± 0.96). Anxiety was present in 50.0% and depression in 44.4%. There was no statistical association of anxiety with the age group (p<0.005) and with the desire to give up the program (p=0.038); and depression with age group (p=0.001), practice of physical activity (p=0.016), leisure activities (p=0.012) and with the desire to give up the program (p=0.008). Conclusions: The residents showed good levels of engagement, especially in the field Dedication. There is a low percentage of people with low level of engagement in all areas of the UWES. Anxiety and depression levels were higher than those observed in other programs, with Association of these disorders with age, lack of physical activity and leisure, highlighting the need for greater attention and professional support, and implementation of control of stressors factors among residents in Pediatrics, and of strategies to promote physical and mental well-being of these professionals. / Introdução: A residência médica é uma modalidade de ensino caracterizada por treinamento em serviço sob supervisão, em tempo integral. Compreende uma experiência de trabalho intenso e exaustivo, faz dos profissionais um grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios emocionais e disfunções profissionais, com alta incidência de ansiedade e depressão. Apesar de causar efeitos prejudiciais na sensibilidade dos médicos em relação aos pacientes, no desempenho acadêmico e profissional, na saúde, no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida pessoal, contribui com o incremento de competências, autoconfiança e segurança profissionais. Objetivos: Avaliar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e engagement no trabalho dos profissionais matriculados em um Programa de Residência Médica em Pediatria de uma instituição de ensino do interior do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, de base populacional, entre os profissionais matriculados no Programa de Residência Médica em Pediatria. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de novembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014, utilizando-se instrumentos: um elaborado pelos autores, para coleta dos dados Sociodemográficos, a Escala de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), a Escala de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II) e a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 36 médicos residentes. Houve predominância do sexo feminino (91,4%), idade mediana de 28 anos (mínimo: 25; máximo: 34), solteiros (86,11%), renda familiar de dez ou mais salários (47,1%), jornada de trabalho de 12 horas ou mais (55,6%), sem atividade física (55,5%) e de lazer (44,2%), com outro vínculo laboral (71,4%), satisfeitos com o trabalho (88,9%) e pensaram em desistir do programa (52,8%). Os índices de engagement variaram de 3,56 a 4,28. A dimensão Dedicação obteve índice alto (4,28±1,12) e as dimensões Absorção, Vigor e Engagement, médios (3,58±1,00; 3,56±0,98 e 3,78±0,96). Ansiedade esteve presente em 50,0% dos profissionais e depressão em 44,4%. Houve associação estatística da ansiedade com a faixa etária (p<0,005) e com o desejo de desistir do programa (p=0,038); e da depressão com a faixa etária (p=0,001), prática de atividade física (p=0,016), atividades de lazer (p=0,012) e com o desejo de desistir do programa (p=0,008). Conclusões: Os residentes apresentaram bons índices de engagement, principalmente no domínio Dedicação. Há um baixo percentual de profissionais com baixo índice de engagement em todos os domínios do UWES. Os níveis de ansiedade e depressão foram superiores aos observados em outros programas, havendo associação destes transtornos com a faixa etária, ausência de atividade física e de lazer, evidenciando a necessidade de maior atenção e suporte aos profissionais, de implementação de ações de controle dos fatores estressores entre os residentes de pediatria, e de estratégias de promoção do bem-estar físico e mental destes profissionais.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how social workers, working in a management position in the health care system, perceive the encounter of the medical and social perspective. With seven qualitative interviews, the study tries to conclude whether or not social workers are accepted at managerial positions within the health care sector. The social worker is, as a manager in health care, a leader but at the same time in a professional alienation from the medical caregivers. Organizations in the health care sector are often multi professional and have their own long standing tradition, history and culture. The results show that the conditions for social workers, working in a management position in health care appear to be agreeable. Collaboration works well, there is mutual respect, and the social perspective are considered valuable. Generally, the respondents agree upon what qualities distinguish a good leader and most believe that social work training provides a good foundation for the management role. Many argue that leadership is personalized and not dependent on the educational background. The social worker in a leadership position, is received well, is accepted and respected in the medical health care. Social workers, according to this study, assume the leadership role in the same ways as other professionals in health care. The social worker brings a psychosocial holistic approach which gives attention to both patients and employees alike. To meet future needs in health care in Sweden, the social worker is a good competence contributor.

This qualitative thesis uses discourse analysis to examine parental resistance towards medical treatment of critically ill children. It is an investigation of the 'mobile and transitory' discourses at play in instances of resistance between parents, physicians and nurses within health care institutions, and an examination of the consequences of resistance through providing alternative ways of perceiving and therefore understanding these disagreements. The philosophical perspectives, methodology and methods used in this thesis are underpinned by selected ideas taken from the works of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu and supported by relevant literature in the fields of media, law, children, parenting, caring, serious childhood illness, medicine and nursing. The thesis obtains information from a variety of texts that includes established literature (such as medical, sociological, legal, academic and philosophical), newspaper articles, radio or television interviews, internet sources, court reports and proceedings, legal experts and other commentators - and 15 interview based texts, where the focus is on analyses of narratives of parents, doctors and nurses. In the texts gathered for this thesis, there are noticeable differences between the personal experience discourses of parents, the 'in-between' discourses of nurses, and the disciplined discourses of physicians. This thesis brings these discourses into conversation with each other suggesting that parental resistance does not occur because of an infrequent and unusual set of circumstances where a few socially isolated and/or 'difficult' parents disagree with the treatment desires of paediatric physicians. Instead, it is argued that from an examination of interview based texts, parental resistance is an omnipresent but transitory occurrence that affects many of the interactions between the parents of seriously ill children and clinical staff. It is maintained that within these interactions, the seeds of this resistance are sown in both critical decision making situations and in everyday occurrences between doctors, nurses and parents within healthcare institutions. Contributing factors to parental resistance include the use of power games by staff, the language of medicine, forms of symbolic violence, the presence or absence of trust between parents and medical staff, the effects of medical habitus, and challenges to the parental role and identity. Overall, it is proposed in this thesis that parents who resist treatment for their seriously ill child are not exceptions to the normative patient-physician relationship. Instead an analysis of their discourses and practices is able to illuminate the complex interactions between patients and medical conventions. It is therefore possible to see parents who resist medical advice not as peripheral to the medical encounter but as examples of how patient-physician relationships come to be codified, constructed and crafted through everyday discourses and practices within health care settings.

The shortage of skilled professionals in the health sector has been an ongoing problem. This has resulted in poor service delivery and ultimately increased patient deaths. The primary objective of this study was to develop a conceptual model to retain scarce skilled professional workers in the health sector. An exploratory study was conducted which included both professionals and non-professionals in the pathology sector. Recruitment was done from a population of 207 employees. In total 188 employees responded, of which 116 were professionals and a comparator group of 72 being the non-professionals. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, quantitative data collection methods such as the job diagnostic survey, career orientation inventory, organisational commitment questionnaire and intention to quit questionnaire were used to assess the characteristics of the groups of interest. The relationship between the independent and dependent variables were calculated. The results revealed that only a few of the traditional predictors influenced retention in the professional group. The predictors worked much better for the non-professional group. It was concluded that traditional retention strategies are not suitable to retain professionals in the health sector. The second and third phases utilised qualitative methods. The second part of the study related to identifying factors which retain professional staff. Following interviews with 15 professionals, ten themes were identified which relate to the retention of professionals. The third phase of the study consisted of interviews with 3 managers, and this was to determine what the managers can do to influence retention. A retention model for the professionals was then developed. This model not only contributes to the body of knowledge, but is also a useful managerial tool to manage professionals in the health sector / Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL) / D.B.L. (Business Leadership)

Clinical practice is the core of nursing education during which the student is socialized into the nursing profession. During this period, there is transfer of knowledge and skill from qualified nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team to student nurses. The purpose of this study is to describe and explore student nurse’s experiences of clinical accompaniment in a public hospital in Gauteng Province by means of a qualitative approach that included the exploratory, descriptive and contextual study. Three focus group interviews were conducted with students and one with clinical accompanists. Qualitative methods included categorizing and coding. The major findings of the research revealed that participants regarded relationships and communication as important for clinical accompaniment. Both student nurses and unit supervisors expected nurse facilitators to accompany students in clinical settings; but some hospital staff members did not perceive clinical accompaniment to be their task. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived availability of opportunities for promotion, training, career progression, existing management style and voluntary staff turnover intention among the nurses working in Mengo Hospital. A quantitative, descriptive correlational design was used. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Full time staff nurses (N= 235) were surveyed. The findings revealed that all the four variables were significantly and negatively correlated to the intention to leave and predicted 16.8 percent of the variance in intention to leave scores. Management style was the strongest predictor of intent to leave (14.5%). Nurses perceiving their managers as participatory had lower intention to leave. To retain qualified personnel, hospital administrators should focus on participative management style and career development programs that address the needs of the staff and the hospital / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)