No description available.

This diploma work deals with Judaism and Jewish attitudes and approaches to some selected chapters of bio-ethics. Theoretical part is devoted to Judaism in general and its directions, summarizes literary sources of Judaism, and describes dialogue between Christians and Jews. Next chapters of this diploma work present holidays in Jewish year and their division to several groups, Jewish family, including subchapter dealing with pregnancy and birth of a child and habits related to these events. In the final section at the conclusion of the theoretical part of this diploma work I have made comparison between three world monotheistic religions as a source of medical ethics and outlined attitude of Judaism to abortion and assisted reproduction. Research has been carried out by applying quantitative method and the students of South Bohemian University ? Faculty of Pedagogy, Faculty of Theology and Medical Social faculty in the city of České Budějovice took part in the research. Technique of data collection was based on anonymous questionnaire. Total number of 300 questionnaires was distributed (100 questionnaires for each of the aforementioned faculties).

No description available.

Increasing numbers of medicines are being used by pregnant South African women in the public sector during pregnancy, for the treatment of different biomedical and supernatural disease states and conditions. The motivation for the research is to support the development of more local pregnancy registries in order to strengthen evidence for the safety and efficacy of medicines used in pregnancy. A mixed methods approach was used. Women in their ninth month of pregnancy in a public sector setting, and four community pharmacists were identified. The women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. One in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with each woman before giving birth and data on their pregnancy outcomes were collected after labour. Coincidentally, the mother of one of the participants was found to be a traditional healer. She was also interviewed on the topic. A structured questionnaire was administered to the pharmacists. Ten pregnant women between the ages of 19 to 39 who had used or were using a traditional medicine during the pregnancy were recruited. All the participants had had at least one antenatal check up during their pregnancy with one having attended five times. No abnormal results were reported from any of the check ups or tests done during the visits. All of them had been to school and had at least Standard 8/Grade 10 education. Ten babies were seen between one and four days postpartum and no birth defects were obvious or were reported for any of them. The traditional healer did not provide additional information to what the women had said and confirmed that some of the practices the women reported were known to her as traditional medicine practices. All four pharmacists indicated that they considered complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to be “somewhat effective” and sold them at their pharmacies although none of them were aware of whether or not they were registered with the MCC. None of the pharmacists appeared to have an in-depth knowledge of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAMs). All four pharmacists said that it is important to have a basic understanding of TCAMs before using them, although they did not agree on the reasons for this. All of them felt that pharmacists have a professional responsibility to provide information on TCAMs (especially herbal preparations) and two felt that providing this information is part of a medical doctors’ responsibility. No harm from taking TCAMs could be shown. However herbal medicines have numerous ingredients some of which are unknown and taking these medicines is risky. The pharmacists in this sample were unsure whether they were accessing unreliable CAM information. Reliable sources of information and reference materials on CAMs to assist pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are needed. The apparent widespread use of TCAM in pregnancy indicates a need for documentation about its efficacy and safety. The establishing of TCAM pregnancy registries should seriously be considered. Due to the increase in CAM use, CAM education during pharmacists’ training as well as continuing professional development (CPD) in CAM for pharmacists in practice should be encouraged.

To illustrate the intersection of ethical language and ethical frameworks within technical communication, this dissertation analyzes the history and documentation of the human radiation experiments of the 1940s through the 1970s. Research propositions included clarifying the link between medical documentation and technical communication by reviewing the literature that links the two disciplines from the ancient period to the present; establishing an appropriate historiography for the human radiation experiments by providing a context of the military, political, medical, and rhetorical milieu of the 1940s to the 1970s; closely examining and analyzing actual human radiation experiment documentation, including proposals, letters, memos, and consent forms, looking for established rhetorical constructions that indicate a document adheres to or diverts from specific ethical frameworks; and suggesting the importance of the human radiation documents for studying ethics in technical communication. Close rhetorical analysis of the documents included with this project reveals consistent patterns of metadiscourse, passive and nominal writing styles, and other rhetorical constructions, including negative language, redundancies, hedges, and intensifiers, that could lead a reader to misunderstand the writer's original ethical purpose. Ultimately this project finds that technical communicators cannot classify language itself as ethical or unethical; the language is simply the framework with which the experimenters construct their arguments and communicate their work. Technical communicators can, however, consider the ethical nature of behavior according to specific ethical frameworks and determine whether language contributes to the behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vinicius_calado.pdf: 2034952 bytes, checksum: db6e33bde714285cc19cf574592b5918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-11 / The object of this dissertation - informational medical negligence - locates itself in the sphere of medical liability, restricting the scope at the private sector, where is mostly understood, both by doctrine and case law, as a consumer relationship. The empirical research raises the decisions of the Superior Court of Justice - STJ from their website. From the lexical filtering, is constituted a corpus consisting of eight judgments, analyzed from the epistemic axis of Critical Discourse Analysis - ACD. The literature review seeks dogmatic support to understand the medical liability for violating the duty to inform. It studies the nature and content of medical obligation, and then analyzes the subjective right of consumers to information and the duty to inform of the physician contained in its Code of Medical Ethics. Investigates the importance of Informed Consent - TCI to concrete autonomy and free and conscious choice of the patient-consumer. The qualitative analysis of the corpus enabled the characterization of the violation of the physician‟s duty to inform as a informational negligence / O objeto de estudo da presente dissertação - negligência informacional médica - situa-se na esfera da responsabilidade civil médica, restringindo-se o escopo à esfera privada, que é compreendida majoritariamente, tanto pela doutrina como pela jurisprudência, como uma relação de consumo. A pesquisa empírica levanta as decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça STJ em seu site na internet. A partir da filtragem lexical, é constituído um corpus constituído de oito julgados analisados a partir do eixo epistêmico da Análise Crítica do Discurso ACD. Para tanto a revisão de literatura busca na dogmática jurídica suporte para compreender a responsabilidade civil médica pela violação do dever de informar. Estuda-se a natureza e o conteúdo da obrigação médica, além de analisar o direito subjetivo do consumidor à informação, bem como o dever de informar do médico contido em seu Código de Ética Médica. Investiga-se a importância do Termo de Consentimento Informado TCI para a concreta autonomia e escolha livre e consciente do pacienteconsumidor. A análise qualitativa do corpus viabilizou a caracterização da violação do dever de informar médico como uma negligência informacional

Cette thèse, développée dans une approche comparatiste et différentialiste de la maltraitance faite à l'enfant (0 à 18 ans), en France et en Syrie, concerne la médecine légale, inscrite dans un contexte d'éthique médicale. La problématique initiale évoque le signalement de la part du médecin, et ses freins, question qui débouche sur l'interrogation suivante : Comment la décision du médecin, toujours première, peut-elle intégrer la dimension psychologique et socioculturelle de la maltraitance, pour que les conséquences du signalement (ou du non signalement) soient au bénéfice de l'enfant et sa famille ? L'Histoire et l'évolution de la maltraitance à enfant sont exposées, pour les deux pays (peu d'informations pour la Syrie). L'enfant, sujet vulnérable, est considéré dans sa globalité psychologique et socioculturelle, face aux données afférant à sa protection. Ensuite, l'approche médicale (tableaux cliniques de maltraitance le plus couramment observés), suivie de la prise en charge globale de l'enfant, dans les sociétés française et syrienne, sont exposées. Enfin, les aspects juridiques de la protection de l'enfant, face au signalement et ses freins, sont présentés comme relevant d'une problématique éthique, située entre médecine et droit, dans des espaces socioculturels spécifiques. Ces données prennent concrètement corps dans des études de cas cliniques, en service de médecine légale : CHU de Dijon, en France, et Centre hospitalier de la région d'Alep, en Syrie (synthèse de Dao sur 249 cas, en 2002, compte tenu de la situation politique actuelle). Via le témoignage du Dr. Catherine Bonnet, cette étude s'ouvre sur un approfondissement des questions du viol et de l'inceste, et met en lumière certaines difficultés à déboucher sur des décisions judiciaires qui, bien que correctes du côté du droit, peuvent s'avérer délétères pour l'enfant et sa famille, sur les plans psychologique, affectif et social ; la situation des deux pays est différenciée, ici aussi. La conclusion, d'ordre moral et éthique, renvoie à la responsabilité de la famille (bientraitance et éducation de l'enfant) et au constat d'une articulation difficile entre le travail du médecin et les décisions judiciaires qui devraient permettre un vrai soin et une protection efficace de l'enfant maltraité, question qui suscite notre interrogation finale : À l'échelon mondial, faudrait-il élaborer une législation commune, spécifique pour l'enfant ? / This research is a comparative and differential approach of child abuse (0-18 years), in France and Syria. It concerns forensic medicine in the context of medical ethics. The initial issue evokes the reporting abuse and its obstacles, and leads to the following question: How the always main decision of the doctor can integrate the psychological and socio-cultural dimension of child abuse in order that the reporting (or the no reporting) benefits the child and family? The history and evolution of child abuse are exposed, for both countries (some information only for Syria). The child, subject vulnerable, is considered as a psychological and sociocultural entity, as to his/her protection. Then, the medical approach (clinical cases of abuse commonly observed), and the medical management of the child are exposed in the French and Syrian societies. Finally, the legal aspects of child protection are reported with its obstacles as part of an ethical issue, between medicine and law, in specific socio-cultural dimensions. These data are updated in the study of clinical cases, in forensic services: CHU of Dijon, in France, and one hospital, in the area of Aleppo, in Syria (Dao’s synthesis of 2002, on 249 cases, given the current political situation). Then, considering the testimony of the Dr Catherine Bonnet, this study opens the reflection on rape and incest, and highlights some difficulties due to certain judicial decisions which, although correct in view of the law, may be deleterious for the child and his family, if we consider a psychological, emotional and social point of view. Both countries situation is differentiated, again. The moral and ethical conclusion refers to the responsibility of the family (welfare and education of the child). It also refers to a difficult relationship between the doctor’s practice and the judicial decisions that should allow a true care and an effective protection of the abused child. This issue arouses our final questioning: at the world level, perhaps it may be necessary to develop a specific legislation for the child ?

No description available.

The purpose and aims of this qualitative descriptive study were to describe how past experiences with research (including communication, information, values and support) may contribute to research fatigue among youth and parents of youth with HIV, CF, and T1D. Eighteen parents and youth were purposively recruited from outpatient subspecialty clinics at a major academic medical center. They took part in qualitative interviews, completed a demographics form, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. Youth participants also completed the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory. Two major themes emerged: blurred lines and hope for the future. Research fatigue was not found in this sample. Results point to challenges with informed consent in settings where research and clinical care are integrated, and suggest that protective factors allow for continued participation without excess burden on youth and parents. Strategies to minimize research fatigue and support engagement in research are offered.

Bakgrund: Operationssalens kommunikation är komplex och kommunikationsproblem är den mest rapporterade orsaken för operativa misstag. Ljudnivå och munskydd är faktorer som försvårar kommunikationen. Teamarbete i operationssalen är nödvändigt för att vården ska vara patientsäker. Operationsteamet utgörs av olika professioner som har ansvaret för patientens säkerhet intraoperativt. Kravet från samhället är att operationssjuksköterskan ska besitta kompetensen att skydda patienter från vårdskador. World Health Organization har utformat en checklista för att förbättra patientsäkerheten på operation. Syfte: Att undersöka operationssjuksköterskans upplevelse av intraoperativ kommunikation. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade frågor utfördes på två sjukhus i södra Sverige. Sju intervjuer hölls med operationssjuksköterskor som spelades in och transkriberades. Datan analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) latenta innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras under fyra teman. Temat Vikten av att kommunicera belyser att kommunikationen måste fortlöpa under operationen för att inte riskera patientsäkerheten. Temat Intraoperativa Teamgrupperingar beskriver att operationsteamet arbetar i separata team tills den peroperativa fasen där de är ett gemensamt operationsteam. Professionerna är kopplade till varandra vilket ger stort ansvar i kommunikationen. I temat Ledarens Inverkan på Teamkommunikation framkommer att auktoritära ledare kan medföra en nervös stämning och upplevd minskad patientsäkerhet. Operatören har betydelse för användningen av WHO:s checklista och följsamheten till den. I temat olika uttryck för Intraoperativ Kommunikation framträder olika typer av kommunikation ha påverkan intraoperativt. Slutsats: Operationsteamet sammanhålls av respekt och gemensamt ansvar. Kvaliteten av den intraoperativa kommunikationen är beroende av ett ansvarstagande från varje teammedlem och kräver en långsiktig plan för utveckling från verksamhetens ledning. / Background: Communication in the operating room (OR) is complex. Communication failures is the most reported cause of operative misstakes. Sound levels and operating masks are some factors that complicates the communication. Teamwork in the OR is necessary for patient safe care. The operating team consists of various professionals who are responsible for patient safety intraoperatively. The society’s requirement is that the operating room nurse must possess competence to protect patients from medical harm. The World Health Organization designed a checklist to improve patient safety in the OR. Aim: To investigate the operating room nurse's experience of intraoperative communication. Method: A qualitative interview study with semi-structured questions was conducted at two hospitals in southern Sweden. Seven interviews were held with surgical nurses which were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) latent content analysis. Results: The result is presented under four themes. The theme The Importance of Communicating highlights that communication must continue throughout the surgery in order not to risk patient safety. The theme of Intraoperative Team Groupings describes that the operating team works in separate teams until the peroperative phase where they are a joint operation team. The professions are linked to each other, which gives great responsibility in communication. The theme The Leader’s Impact on Team Communication reveals that hierarchical leaders can cause a nervous mood and cause reduced patient safety. The surgeon is important for the use of WHO's checklist and its compliance. In the theme Different Expressions for Intraoperative Communication, different types of communication have an impact intraoperatively. Conclusion: The operating team is united by respect and shared responsibility. The quality of intraoperative communication depends on the responsibility of each team member and requires a long term plan for development from the management.