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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

[en] CRITICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT AVAILABLE METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT TO BE USED BY A CALIBRATION LABORATORY / [pt] ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS DIVERSAS METODOLOGIAS DE MEDIÇÃO DE UMIDADE DISPONÍVEIS A SEREM UTILIZADAS POR UM LABORATÓRIO DE CALIBRAÇÃO

LUIZ ALBERTO DOS SANTOS LIMA 12 November 2004 (has links)
[pt] Recentemente, a umidade vem sendo um dos parâmetros cujas necessidades de medição e controle mais se desenvolvem especialmente em processos os farmacêuticos, de biotecnologia, automobilísticos, além de instalações de ar condicionado. A necessidade de expansão da rede de laboratórios de calibração de umidade, rastreados à Rede Brasileira de Calibração, torna-se cada vez maior para atender a demanda da indústria, além de contribuir para a melhoria dos níveis de incerteza de medição. Este trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise crítica das diferentes metodologias de medição de umidade para uso em laboratórios de calibração. Foram avaliadas as mais utilizadas expressões para a pressão parcial de vapor, visando o cálculo de umidade, e foi realizada uma comparação com a formulação de Sonntag, a mais aceita na comunidade metrológica internacional. Foi também analisada uma comparação entre alguns dos softwares disponíveis na internet para o cálculo dos principais parâmetros de umidade, tomando como referência a mesma formulação. Dentre os fatores de possível influência nas medições de umidade, foi avaliado o comportamento da mistura ar seco-vapor d´água como gás ideal e real, bem com as alterações na composição do ar. Foi feita uma análise das principais fontes de incerteza de medição seguindo a metodologia de medição de umidade a partir da temperatura de ponto de orvalho. Finalmente, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar aos laboratórios de calibração de umidade uma análise crítica das metodologias disponíveis para medição de umidade, juntamente com as incertezas alcançadas. / [en] Recently, the need of humidity measurement and control has been shown to be of growing interest, especially in processes like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, automotives, as well as in air conditioning installations. Increasing the number of laboratories, which are traceable to the Brazilian Calibration Network, is a requirement for attending the industry demands, besides contributing towards improving the measurement uncertainty level. This work has as an objective to critically analyze different methods for humidity measurement, to be used by calibration laboratories. The mostly used expressions for calculating vapor partial pressure were evaluated, aiming humidity determination in comparison with Sonntag´s one, the most accepted formulation by the international metrological community. Also, a comparison was made between different softwares, which were available through internet, for calculating the most important humidity parameters, in comparison with results obtained by the same formulation. Among several factors, the dry air and water vapor mixture properties were calculated, considering it as an ideal or a real one, as well as the effect air composition changes on humidity measurement. The contribution of several sources of errors on the combined uncertainty of humidity measurement was examined, following the methodology that uses the dew point as a starting measurement parameter. Finally, the objective of this work is to present the humidity calibration laboratories a critical analysis of the available methodologies for measuring humidity, together with the achieved uncertainties.
282

Characterizing Property and Microstructure of Ceramic Nuclear Materials with Laser-based Microscopy

Wang, Yuzhou 30 September 2019 (has links)
No description available.
283

[pt] ANÁLISE METROLÓGICA DA APLICAÇÃO DE ACELERÔMETROS PIEZOELÉTRICOS À MEDIÇÃO DE VAZÃO NA INDÚSTRIA PETROLÍFERA / [en] METROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELEROMETERS TO FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT IN THE OIL INDUSTRY

04 November 2021 (has links)
[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar metrologicamente a aplicação de acelerômetros piezoelétricos à medição de vazão na indústria petrolífera. A motivação deste trabalho é analisar uma técnica de medição de vazão, recentemente desenvolvida, baseada na vibração captada por um acelerômetro ligado à superfície do duto. A metodologia do presente trabalho consistiu em realizar um estudo experimental para obtenção de dados em um laboratório acreditado de calibração de medidores de vazão, estimando-se uma vazão para cada vibração medida, acompanhada por uma análise de incertezas. Os resultados obtidos não estão conformes aos limites aceitáveis do ponto de vista da regulamentação para aplicação em medição de vazão na indústria petrolífera, no que se refere à medição fiscal e à medição para apropriação, segundo o Regulamento Técnico de Medição de Petróleo e Gás Natural (RTM). Contudo, a aplicação de acelerômetros ainda mostra-se oportuna à medição de vazão na indústria petrolífera, apesar da incerteza encontrada não adequar-se à regulamentação vigente para o setor, pois pode ser adotada para fins de medição operacional, na medição de água, sem interferir na instalação, de modo não invasivo e não intrusivo. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is to analyze metrologically the application of piezoelectric accelerometers in the measurement of flow rate in the oil industry. The motivation of this work is to analyze a technique of flow measurement, recently developed, based on the vibration captured by an accelerometer attached to the pipe surface. The methodology of this study consists of performing an experimental study to obtain data in an accredited laboratory for calibration of flowmeters, estimating a flow rate for each vibration measured accompanied by an uncertainty analysis. The results do not conform to acceptable limits from the viewpoint of the regulation for application in flow measurement in the oil industry, in that refers to the fiscal metering and to the measurement for appropriation, in accordance with the Technical Rules of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (RTM). However, the use of accelerometers still can be useful to measure flow rates in the oil industry, despite the uncertainty being not suitable for the current regulation of the sector, because it can be adopted in the operational measurement of water flow, without interfering in the installation, so being non-invasive and non-intrusive.
284

Automatizace měření Zenerových referencí / Meaurement process automatization of Zener reference

Bábek, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with metrology specialized to DC voltage. In the begining of thesis is explanation of technical terms from metrology, summarization of units from International System and explanation of the standards and its kinds in the context of metrology. Primary standards of DC voltage based on Zener diodes and Josephson effect are described as well. In cooperation with Czech metrology institute in Brno this work is focused on automatization of measuring Zener reference standards (ZRS). Goal of this project is to automatize the measuring of Zener reference standards and its relationship with Josephson voltage system using scanner. To do this, there is a need to find out offsets, that can develop on scanner's channels. There is a theoretical analysis of measuring made on the scanner and their uncertainties. Aim of the solution is computation of scanner channels offsets using everyday automatic measuring the system of Zener reference standards (ZRS). For measuring the LabView was used and for computing the data from measured values the Matlab was used. This thesis should short the time needed when measuring DC voltage references, measure values of DC voltage standards and set the scanner channels offsets. In the end there is a summarization of offsets measured on individual scanner channels.
285

Management kalibrace souřadnicového měřicího stroje (SMS) / Calibration management system of measuring machine (CMM)

Lysý, Zbyněk January 2012 (has links)
This diploma thesis with title of „Management of Coordinate Measuring Machine Calibration“ aimed to develop detailed analysis of uncertainties when deploying 3D coordinate measuring machine MicroVu Excel in practice. The analysis was supported by an example of measuring uncertainty calculation. This thesis also discusses the integration of automatic assessment of uncertainties into programming equipment; and creation of methodical calibration process for this kind of machine.
286

Non-Contact Characterization of Dielectric Conduction on 4H-SiC

Benjamin, Helen N 30 April 2009 (has links)
Consistent charge or defect control in oxide grown on silicon carbide (SiC) continues to be difficult to achieve and directly impacts the electrical performance of SiC-based metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices. This research applied non-contact Corona-Kelvin metrology to investigate the charge transport in oxides grown on n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial substrates. The cost and engineering science impact of this metrology are significant as device fabrication is avoided leading to quick determination of electrical characteristics from as-grown oxide films. Non-contact current-voltage (I-V) measurements of oxide on SiC were first demonstrated within this work and revealed that Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) current emission was the dominant conduction mechanism at high electric fields. Oxides on SiC were grown at atmospheric pressure (thermal oxides) or at a reduced pressure (afterglow oxides) ambient and examined using non-contact charge-voltage (Q-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), and I-V methods. The F-N conduction model was modified to address charge trapping and effective barrier effects obtained from experimental oxide films. Trap densities determined with this metrology were used to show that the F-N model including their density and position was adequate for thermal oxides on SiC but not for afterglow films. Data from the latter films required further modification of the theory to include a chemical effect of the oxide growth process on the effective conduction band offset or barrier. This work showed that afterglow chemistry was able to vary the effective conduction band offset from 2.9 eV, typical of thermal oxidation of SiC, up to 3.2 eV. Stress induced leakage current (SILC), an excess above the F-N base current resulting from prolonged current through the dielectric films, was also investigated. Multiple point SILC testing was used to identify statistical effects of process variations and defects in as-grown oxide films on SiC. These results open the possibility to improve oxide manufacture on SiC using methods common in the silicon IC industry. This work demonstrated the first non-contact F-N current determination in oxides on SiC and showed both charge trapping and chemical dependencies of as-grown films. Future studies may extend the findings of this work to further improve this important dielectric-semiconductor system.
287

[en] A PROPOSAL FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: THE CASE PUC-RIO / [pt] PROPOSTA DE METODOLOGIA DE AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO EMPREENDEDOR DA UNIVERSIDADE DE PESQUISA: ESTUDO DE CASO DA PUC-RIO

CELSO LEONARDO DE JESUS BARBOSA 24 March 2011 (has links)
[pt] O surgimento de uma economia empreendedora baseada na inovação, ao longo das duas últimas décadas, gerou novas demandas para a sociedade e definiu novas funções e papéis para a universidade de pesquisa e para a metrologia. Nesse sentido, por um lado, à medida que a universidade de pesquisa se transforma em uma universidade empreendedora com auxílio do governo, crescem as demandas sociais e políticas por resultados. Por outro, a metrologia é chamada a evoluir seus conceitos e métricas para atender a demandas do setor de serviços e dos processos de inovação, dominantes na economia empreendedora. Assim, os resultados dessa pesquisa para dissertação de mestrado produzem uma metodologia de avaliação de impacto que poderá ser de fato aplicada e gerar um ativo importante para a PUC-Rio, assim como para outras universidades de pesquisa que busquem trilhar um caminho semelhante. E, principalmente, fornecer respostas à sociedade. O autor da presente dissertação, como empreendedor e egresso da PUC-Rio, tem por motivação, contribuir para uma melhor caracterização da IES empreendedora no país, ao propor a mensuração do seu impacto empreendedor. Além de contribuir para a emergente literatura internacional sobre o tema, o trabalho traz, também, uma relevante contribuição empírica para o país, uma vez que não existem aqui estudos semelhantes. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de metodologia de avaliação do impacto empreendedor da universidade de pesquisa. Esta foi desenvolvida a partir da análise do conceito de universidade empreendedora, de referenciais teóricos sobre impactos socioeconômicos de universidades, das transformações no papel e na dinâmica destas causadas pela evolução de uma economia empreendedora e, nesse contexto, de conceitos e métricas emergentes de uma metrologia para serviços e voltada à inovação. / [en] Over the past two decades, the emergence of an entrepreneurial economy based on innovation has generated new demands on society and set new tasks and roles for university research and metrology. Accordingly, on the one hand, as the research university becomes an enterprising university with government assistance, there are growing social and political demands for results. On the other hand, the metrology is required to evolve its concepts and metrics to meet the demands of the service sector and innovation processes which are dominant in the entrepreneurial economy. Thus, the result of this research is a methodology for impact assessment that may actually be implemented and may generate an important asset to PUC, as well as other research universities that seek to tread a similar path. And above all, this study provides answers to society. The author, as an entrepreneur and alumni of PUC, is motivated by the belief that it may contribute to a better characterization of the entrepreneurial university in the country by measuring the impact of entrepreneurship. Besides this thesis contributes to the emerging international literature on the subject, the work also brings an important empirical contribution to the country since there are no similar studies. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the impact of entrepreneurship of research universities. It was developed from the analysis of the concept of entrepreneurial university, the theoretical framework on socioeconomic impacts of universities, transformations on their roles and on the dynamics caused by the evolution of an entrepreneurial economy, and in this context, concepts and emerging metrics of a metrology which is service-oriented and focused on innovation.
288

[en] INTERFEROMETRIC PRIMARY SYSTEM FOR LENGTH MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN NANOMETROLOGY / [pt] SISTEMA INTERFEROMÉTRICO PRIMÁRIO PARA MEDIDAS DE COMPRIMENTO E APLICAÇÕES EM NANOMETROLOGIA

02 January 2015 (has links)
[pt] Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados referentes ao desenvolvimento de um sistema interferométrico primário, o interferômetro Linnik, para medidas de comprimento de amostras na escala micrométrica e nanométrica. O sistema experimental foi caracterizado e otimizado para prover rastreabilidade a degraus de altura, usados como referência na escala de comprimento. As principais fontes de incerteza foram avaliadas, sendo a planicidade do artefato o parâmetro com o maior valor de contribuição para a incerteza final. A estabilidade do sistema de referência pode ser mostrada através da alta reprodutibilidade apresentada ao longo de algumas semanas de medição. Este também serviu como base para prover a rastreabilidade no SI, para instrumentos ópticos tais como OCT, AFM e microscópios confocais, sendo os dois últimos usados na área de nanotecnologia. Estes instrumentos foram calibrados usando como padrão de transferência os degraus de altura, previamente avaliados no interferômetro Linnik. Com isto, foi estabelecida a rastreabilidade na escala de comprimento para alguns institutos no país. / [en] In this work are presented the results related to the development of a primary interferometric system, the Linnik interferometer for length measurements of samples in the micrometer and nanometer scales. The experimental system has been characterized and optimized to provide traceability to step height, used as the reference standards in length scale. The main sources of uncertainty were evaluated, and the flatness of the artifact was the parameter with the highest contribution to the final uncertainty. The stability of the reference system can be demonstrated through the reproducibility that was evaluated over several weeks. This system also served as the basis to provide traceability to the SI for optical instruments such as OCT and confocal microscopes AFM, the latter two being used in the field of nanotechnology. These instruments were calibrated using step heights, as transfer standards, that were previously evaluated in Linnik interferometer. Therefore, it was established the traceability in length scale for some institutes in the country.
289

Investigation of Modularization of Measurement Programs for CMMs

Teke, Onur Ahmet January 2013 (has links)
Coordinate measurement machines (CMMs) are used to control whether workpieces meet customers’ need or not. Creating measurement programs for CMMs takes long time and companies try to find a way to decrease the time for preparation processes. The aim of this thesis work is to investigate the measurement processes of products within Sandvik Coromant AB in Gimo, Sweden and to focus on the preparation of modularized measurement programs. The main goal is to study measurement processes in the company, and to find and recommend different alternatives for modularization of measurement programs of products so that time and energy can be saved. In order to understand the current measurement processes in the company with its gaps and risks and also to be able to find further possible improvements, many interviews, meetings and a questionnaire have been made. Employees’ opinions and ideas about modularization of measurement programs have been collected. Three different cases about modularization of measurement programs have been presented in the thesis work. The first case is about the actual situation in the company. The gaps and risks which have been observed and collected have been presented. The second case focuses on modularization of today’s insert seats into two pieces: insert seat module and pre-stress module. The third case focuses on the feasibility of dividing the insert seats into much smaller modules. In the conclusion part, all three cases and all work which has been done during the thesis are presented. Last but not least, some further research subjects are shown on the recommendation part. / Koordinatmätmaskiner (CMMs) används för att kontrollera om produkterna möter kundernas behov eller inte. Att skapa mätprogram för CMMs tar lång tid och företagen försöker hitta sätt att minska tiden för förberedelseprocesser. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka mätprocesser av produkterna inom Sandvik Coromant AB i Gimo, Sverige och att fokusera på förberedelserna av modulariserade mätprogram. Det huvudsakliga målet var att studera mätprocessen i företaget, samt att ta reda på och rekommendera olika alternativ för modularisering av mätprogram för produkter för att på så sätt kunna spara tid och energi. För att förstå de aktuella mätprocesserna i företaget med brister och risker och även att kunna ta reda på ytterligare möjliga förbättringar, har många intervjuer, möten och ett frågeformulär gjorts. Medarbetarnas åsikter och idéer om modularisering av mätprogrammen har samlats in. Tre olika fall om modularisering av mätprogram presenteras i examensarbetet. Det första fallet handlar om den nuvarande situationen i företaget. De brister och risker som har observerats och samlats in presenteras. Det andra fallet fokuserar på modularisering av dagens skärläge in i två delar som skärlägesmodul och förspänningsmodul. Det tredje fallet fokuserar på möjligheten att dela upp skärlägen i mycket mindre moduler. I slutsatsen sammanfattas alla tre fallen och allt arbete som har gjorts varvid resultat och slutsatser presenteras. Sist men inte minst, visas på några ytterligare forskningsfrågor i rekommendationsdelen.
290

[pt] CARACTERIZAÇÃO METROLÓGICA DE UM MEDIDOR CLAMP-ON PARA CALIBRAÇÃO IN SITU DE MEDIDOR DE VAZÃO EM ESCOAMENTO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO / [en] METROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CLAMP-ON METER FOR IN SITU CALIBRATION OF FLOW METER OPERATING UNDER DEVELOPING FLOW CONDITIONS

GABRIEL APOLINÁRIO ALEXANDRE FERREIRA 15 July 2016 (has links)
[pt] Medidores do tipo clamp-on, com trajetória ultrassônica única, são muito sensíveis ao perfil de velocidade do escoamento para medição de vazão e devem ser utilizados, para maior confiabilidade metrológica, quando o escoamento está completamente desenvolvido. Esta não é a condição normal de utilização em plataformas de petróleo, onde pequenos trechos retos estão normalmente disponíveis. Estudos numérico e experimental comprovaram que para trajetórias ultrassônicas simétricas, a média aritmética dos valores indicados pelo medidor de vazão praticamente independe dos componentes não-axiais de velocidade do escoamento em desenvolvimento em trechos retos com comprimento superior a dez diâmetros da tubulação. A trajetória única foi assegurada por meio de um dispositivo mecânico introduzido que posiciona o plano dos sensores em ângulos de 45 graus em relação à horizontal, assim permitindo medições em outras trajetórias ultrassônicas, procedimento que mostrou minimizar a incerteza associada à medição de vazão. A caracterização metrológica deste procedimento de medição, qualifica o medidor para ser utilizado como padrão itinerante em calibração in situ de medidores de vazão, o que evita a sua retirada para calibração em laboratório. A metodologia alternativa de calibração proposta foi validada experimentalmente em loop especiamente construido na PUC-Rio para reproduzir as condições de medição em campo. / [en] Clamp-on type flow meters, with one single ultrasonic path, are very sensitive to the velocity profile in flow rate measurement and must be used, for greater metrological realiability, when the flow is completely developed. This is not the normal condition of use on oil production platforms, where small straight pipelines are usually available. Numerical and experimental studies have shown that for symmetric ultrasonic paths, the arithmetic mean of the values indicated by the flow meter is practically independent of non-axial velocity components in developing flows in straight pipeline equivalent lengths larger than ten pipeline diameters. The single path was secured by means of an introduced mechanical device that positions the sensor plane every 45 degree angle to the horizontal, thus allowing measurements at other ultrasonic paths, procedure that showed to minimize the uncertainty associated with the flow measurement. The metrological characterization of this measurement procedure, qualifies the meter to be used as a in situ traveling calibration standard of flow meters, which prevents its removal for calibration in laboratory. The alternative methodology calibration proposed was validated experimentally in loop especially built at PUC-Rio to reproduce the field measurement conditions.

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